Wyoming Chronic Wasting Disease Found in Two More Deer Hunt Areas
10/20/2014
LANDER - Testing by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department has found chronic
wasting disease (CWD), a fatal neurological disease of deer, elk and moose, in a
deer from Fremont County in Deer Hunt Area 36. This brings the known total of
CWD deer hunt areas in the Lander Region to five; areas 36, 87, 97, 98 and
157.
Staff at the Game and Fish’s wildlife disease laboratory in Laramie
confirmed a mule deer doe was CWD positive. The animal was taken in Lysite after
wardens investigated a report of the deer drooling excessively and appearing
unhealthy.
Wildlife Disease Specialist Hank Edwards said, “It is not surprising to
find a mule deer test positive for CWD in this area. She exhibited classic signs
of the disease, and this hunt area is bordered by other deer hunt areas where we
have previously documented CWD.”
A second deer in a different hunt area also tested positive for CWD. A
four-year old mule deer buck was taken by a deer hunter in deer hunt area 84
located south of Rawlins in Carbon County. Most of the adjoining deer hunt areas
have previously documented cases of CWD.
Game and Fish personnel will continue to collect CWD samples through hunter
field checks and at CWD sampling stations. Hunters who wish to have their deer,
elk or moose tested for CWD outside of the department’s CWD surveillance program
can to do so by contacting the Wyoming State Veterinary Lab at (307) 766-9925.
While CWD surveillance helps the Game and Fish monitor the disease, it also
enables hunters to determine whether their harvested animal has CWD. Hunters
should be aware that it may take a few weeks after their animal is sampled to
get their test results.
“We appreciate the willingness of hunters to allow Game and Fish personnel
to collect and submit samples from their harvested deer, elk and moose for CWD
testing at our lab. This willingness helps us continue our surveillance
program,” Edwards said.
For more information on chronic wasting disease transmission and
regulations on transportation and disposal of carcasses please visit the Game
and Fish website at: wgfd.wyo.gov.
(Contact: Rene Schell (307) 332-2688)
-WGFD-
SEE CWD VACCINE UPDATE ;
>>> Laramie confirmed a mule deer doe was CWD positive
another reason that not testing all deer for CWD, OF ALL AGES, risk
spreading CWD further, by ignoring the fact that young deer are susceptible to
CWD ;
Saturday, February 04, 2012
*** Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
Approximately 4,200 fawns, defined as deer under 1 year of age, were
sampled from the eradication zone over the last year. The majority of fawns
sampled were between the ages of 5 to 9 months, though some were as young as 1
month.
*** Two of the six fawns with CWD detected were 5 to 6 months old.
All six of the positive fawns were taken from the core area of the CWD
eradication zone where the highest numbers of positive deer have been
identified. ...
snip...
"Finding CWD prions in both lymph and brain tissues of deer this young is
slightly surprising," said Langenberg, "and provides information that CWD
infection and illness may progress more rapidly in a white-tailed deer than
previously suspected. Published literature suggests that CWD doesn't cause
illness in a deer until approximately 16 months of age. Our fawn data shows that
a few wild white-tailed deer may become sick from CWD or may transmit the
disease before they reach that age of 16 months." ... see full text and more
here ; Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 MONTH age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
Chronic Wasting Disease closes in on Yellowstone
By Ralph Maughan On May 17, 2013
Friday, November 16, 2012
Yellowstone elk herds feeding grounds, or future killing grounds from CWD
Saturday, May 25, 2013
Wyoming Game and Fish Commission Alkali Creek Feedground #39126 Singeltary
comment submission
Dense concentrations of elk at feedgrounds facilitate the transmission of
diseases and increase their prevalence. Free-ranging elk herds have a CWD
prevalence of approximately 1-3% in the core Colorado-Wyoming area where the
disease is endemic. Captive elk herds, whose densities more closely match those
of feedground elk, have shown rates of CWD prevalence between 17- 59%. Many
states now ban the artificial feeding of deer because scientific evidence
suggests that such feeding elevates the risk of CWD transmission. High
concentrations of animals, close contact between animals, and the contaminated
environments that result from these conditions, all contribute to the increased
transmission of CWD and other diseases.
Wednesday, April 30, 2014
WYOMING Mule Deer Found Dead Near Rawlins Tests Positive for CWD
Wednesday, October 24, 2012
WYOMING Deer Hunt Area 132 Near Green River Added to CWD List
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
Chronic wasting disease found in Big Horn basin deer Wyoming's deer hunt
area 165
Monday, November 14, 2011
WYOMING Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Thursday, July 08, 2010
CWD Controversy still stalking elk feedgrounds in Wyoming 2010
Greetings,
This is very serious, please notice that one of the CWD clusters is only 45
miles from ELK feeding grounds in Wyoming, the second elk feeding ground is 98
miles from CWD cluster, and the third elk feeding ground is 130 miles from the
CWD cluster. Common sense tells us we need to stop those feeding grounds, if you
want your Elk to survive. There is no politics or plot against the hunters or
elk about it. read the science please. ...TSS
chronic wasting disease proximity to elk feedgrounds in wyoming 2009-2010
Thursday, December 30, 2010
WYOMING MULE DEER BUCK HARVESTED NEAR LYSITE TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD
December 27, 2010
Monday, December 13, 2010
WYOMING DEER AREA 119 ADDED TO CWD LIST DEER AREA 119 ADDED TO CWD
LIST
11/22/2010
Friday, November 12, 2010
WHITE-TAILED BUCK HARVESTED NEAR MOORCROFT TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD
WYOMING
Sunday, October 31, 2010
TWO DEER HARVESTED NEAR GREYBULL TEST POSITIVE FOR CWD WYOMING
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
WYOMING ELK NEAR GLENDO TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD 10/18/2010
Wednesday, November 25, 2009
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE FOUND IN ELK AREA 35 NEAR BUFFALO
Wednesday, November 11, 2009
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE DISCOVERED IN DEER HUNT AREA 42 WYOMING
Sunday, November 01, 2009
CWD confirmed in Johnson County Wyoming Sunday, November 1, 2009
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Deer on western Bighorns has chronic wasting disease Shell Creek drainage
Wyoming
Monday, December 22, 2008
CWD DETECTED IN ELK HUNT AREA 117 SOUTH OF SUNDANCE WYOMING
Saturday, October 18, 2008
WYOMING STAR VALLEY MOOSE TESTS POSITIVE FOR CWD
Wednesday, August 20, 2014
Wyoming Chronic Wasting Disease Found in Deer Hunt Area 97 Near Muddy Gap
*** Cervid Health Business Plan Fiscal Years 2014 to 2018 Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services ***
snip...
c. Funding sources
Cervid Health Programs are funded through the equine, cervid, small
ruminant health (ECSR) line. The total APHIS FY 2014 ECSR budget is $19. 5
million. Congressional language accompanying the FY 2014 appropriations
specifies that APHIS should spend $3. 0 million for cervid health
activities.
III. Value of Program Objectives:
In 2007, the cervid industry in the United States included 5,600 deer farms
and 1,900 elk farms with an economic value of $894 million that supported nearly
30,000 jobs. The recently conducted 2012 National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS) census will provide important updates on cervid industry
statistics.
The Cervid Health Program protects the health of cervids and improves the
quality, productivity and economic viability of the cervid industry. CWD, TB,
and brucellosis remain important disease threats to cervid populations.
Outbreaks of these diseases could have serious consequences for the cervid
industry and allied stakeholders. APHIS’ CWD HCP, cervid TB herd accreditation,
and proposed brucellosis herd certification programs are essential to reducing
and mitigating those consequences.
A key value of the cervid health programs is to reduce losses to the cervid
industry and to reduce the overall cost to the Federal government to respond to
outbreaks. In the past 10 years, many CWD infected and exposed cervid farms were
depopulated with Federal indemnity at a significant cost to the industry,
States, and Federal government. The cervid TB herd accreditation program has
reduced disease transmission in cervid populations and in other domestic species
that could have resulted in larger and more serious disease outbreaks.
An additional value of the cervid health program is to promote and
facilitate domestic and international trade of animals and cervid-derived
products. Since the identification of CWD, many international markets have
refused farmed cervids or cervid-derived products from the United States. The
U.S. cervid industry cannot expand its markets without USDA animal health
programs to certify their animals to have low disease risk and/or disease
freedom. The Cervid Health Program promotes the opportunity for the cervid
industry to start competing in international trade again.
Lastly, TB and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases which can be transmitted
from farmed cervids to other livestock, wildlife, and people. Although CWD has
not been recognized as a prion disease transmissible to people, it can be
transmitted between farmed cervids to wild cervid populations and it persists in
the environment. A direct benefit of the Cervid Health Program is to safeguard
public health, prevent transmission at the domestic animal-wildlife interface,
and reduce environmental contamination.
IV. FY 2014 – FY 2018 Implementation
Objective 1: Prevent and control CWD in farmed cervid populations
Strategy 1: Implement CWD rule and CWD Program Standards.
FY 2014 Activities:
1. 1 Affirm CWD final rule and publish in FY 2014.
1. 2 Finalize CWD Program Standards revision (consider public comments) and
publish new version in FY 2014.
1. 3 Prepare and submit information collection documents for renewal by FY
2015.
FY 2015- FY 2018 Activities
1. 4 CWD Program Standards (2nd edition) to be reviewed for further
updates.
1. 5 Information collection renewal to be completed in FY 2015 (triennial
cycle).
Strategy 2: Maintain Approved State CWD HCPs.
FY 2014 Activities:
2. 1 Finalize annual report template and guidance for Approved States
renewal process, and collect annual reports from Approved States.
2. 2 Complete Approved State status for remaining six Provisional Approved
States.
FY 2015 – FY 2018 Activities
2. 3 Review annual reports and evaluate compliance of Approved
States.
2. 4 Administer the national CWD HCP, subject to the availability of
appropriated funds, for herd owners in States that do not have an approved State
HCP.
June 19, 2014 6
2. 5 Develop metrics for Approved State program administration
reviews.
2. 6 Conduct Consistent State Reviews of Approved State CWD HCPs based on
requests for review by States or observation of deficiencies in State
programs.
Strategy 4: Complete official CWD, cervid TB, and cervid brucellosis
testing.
FY 2014 Activities:
4. 1 Monitor NAHLN approved laboratories for proficiency and accuracy in
lab testing and reporting in defined timeframes.
4. 2 Establish list of approved laboratories to conduct IHC and/or ELISA
testing for CWD.
4. 3 Approve new laboratories as needed as outlined in the NAHLN SOP and
CWD Program Standards.
FY 2015 – FY 2018 Activities
4.4 Continue activities 4. 1 – 4. 3.
Strategy 5: National Program Reporting/ Data Management.
FY 2014 Activities:
5. 1 Develop and implement cervid health indemnity database on indemnity
SharePoint site.
5. 2 Assess use of SCS/national CWD instance by Approved States.
5. 3 Develop SCS data entry guidance for national CWD instance (if
warranted).
5. 4 Prepare national annual summary report from Approved States’
reports.
5. 5 Receive quarterly tallies of CWD testing surveillance in farmed
cervids and prepare annual summary surveillance report.
5. 6 Encourage VS personnel and stakeholders regarding the use of
electronic identification of animals, electronic data collection and reporting,
e. g. MIMS, of program surveillance and disease control activities, collection
and use of data and test results from outside sources. Tools that support this
type of data handling also need to be improved so the process is streamlined,
easily accessible and user friendly to VS employees, States and Federally
accredited veterinarians.
FY 2015 – FY 2018 Activities
5. 6 Continue activities 5. 1 – 5. 5 (with or without SCS/national CWD
instance). Strategy 6: Interstate and International Cervid Movement.
FY 2014 Activities:
6. 1 Address import/export issues for cervids and cervid products.
6. 2 Facilitate requests for interstate movement (translocation) of
free-ranging cervids based on CWD rule requirements. Refine interstate movement
agreement protocols as needed. Complete guidance.
June 19, 2014 7
FY 2015 – FY 2018 Activities:
6. 3 Continue work on import/export issues.
6. 4 Continue facilitation of requests for interstate movement
(translocation) of wild cervids.
6. 5 Develop risk assessment and surveillance templates for interstate
movement of cervids.
June 19, 2014
snip...
*** Susceptibility of UK red deer (Cervus alaphus elaphus) to oral BSE
transmission Project Code: M03024 ***
02/08/2011
The project confirmed that U.K red deer are susceptible to both oral and
intra-cerebral inoculation with the cattle BSE agent. Six clinically positive
(from 26-42 months post inoculation) i.c inoculated and one (56 months post
inoculation) orally dosed deer that tested positive for TSE by
immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using several primary antibodies
demonstrated widespread accumulation of disease specific prion protein in the
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and enteric nervous system but
none in lymphoreticular system. All showed several brain sites positive for
disease specific prion protein and presented immunohistochemistry and Western
blotting phenotypes with similarities to BSE in sheep, goats and cattle but
unlike those seen in chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk or scrapie in sheep.
The vacuolar pathology and distribution of disease specific prion protein in red
deer resembled that of CWD in most major respects however we have shown that BSE
can be clearly differentiated from CWD by existing immunohistochemical and
biochemical methods that are in routine use.
The knowledge gained as a result of this work will permit rapid and
accurate diagnosis should a TSE ever be detected in European red deer and will
also enable effective disease control methods to be quickly put in place.
Results
We confirmed that U.K red deer are susceptible to both oral and
intra-cerebral inoculation with the cattle BSE agent. Six clinically positive
(from 26-42mpi) i.c inoculated and one (56mpi) orally dosed deer that tested
positive for TSE by IHC and WB using several primary antibodies demonstrated
widespread accumulation of disease specific PrP in CNS, PNS and ENS but none in
LRS. All showed several brain sites positive for disease specific PrP and
presented IHC and WB phenotypes with similarities to BSE in sheep, goats and
cattle but unlike those seen in CWD in elk or scrapie in sheep. The vacuolar
pathology and distribution of PrPd BSE in red deer resembled that of CWD in most
major respects however we have shown that BSE can be clearly differentiated from
CWD by existing immunohistochemical and biochemical methods that are in routine
use.
Final technical report MO3024 01/04/2003 – 31/03/2010 Susceptibility of UK
red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to oral BSE transmission. Stuart Martin - VLA
Lasswade Pentlands Science Park Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 0PZ Page 2 of 21 Further
work undertaken August 2009 – March 2010. Genetic analysis - Wilfred Goldmann;
Roslin NPD.
Negative controls and the remaining 5 orally dosed deer culled at 72mpi
tested negative by IHC and Western blot however analysis of the PrP ORF of these
deer (kindly carried out by Wilfred Goldmann of the Roslin NPD) identified a Q
to E polymorphism at codon 226 that may influence the efficiency of oral
transmission (not published).
In the experimental BSE challenge of red deer six out of six deer succumbed
to BSE when challenged by intracerebral routes but only one of six deer
challenged by the oral route succumbed to infection. Deer killed at 190 days or
365 days post oral challenge showed no evidence of abnormal PrP accumulation
when tested by immunocytochemistry. The PrP gene of red deer includes a Q to E
polymorphism at codon 226. The table shows the distribution of these codon 226
polymorphisms within experimental challenge groups.
snip...
Research article Open Access
Immunohistochemical and biochemical characteristics of BSE and CWD in
experimentally infected European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus)
Stuart Martin*1, Martin Jeffrey1, Lorenzo González1, Sílvia Sisó1, Hugh W
Reid2, Philip Steele2, Mark P Dagleish2, Michael J Stack3, Melanie J Chaplin3
and Aru Balachandran4 Address: 1Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA-Lasswade),
Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK, 2Moredun
Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian,
EH26 0PZ, UK, 3VLA-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK and 4Animal
Diseases Research Institute, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario,
K2H 8P9, Canada
Abstract
Background: The cause of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
epidemic in the United Kingdom (UK) was the inclusion of contaminated meat and
bone meal in the protein rations fed to cattle. Those rations were not
restricted to cattle but were also fed to other livestock including farmed and
free living deer. Although there are no reported cases to date of natural BSE in
European deer, BSE has been shown to be naturally or experimentally
transmissible to a wide range of different ungulate species. Moreover, several
species of North America's cervids are highly susceptible to chronic wasting
disease (CWD), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that has become
endemic. Should BSE infection have been introduced into the UK deer population,
the CWD precedent could suggest that there is a danger for spread and
maintenance of the disease in both free living and captive UK deer populations.
This study compares the immunohistochemical and biochemical characteristics of
BSE and CWD in experimentally-infected European red deer (Cervus elpahus
elaphus).
Results: After intracerebral or alimentary challenge, BSE in red deer more
closely resembled natural infection in cattle rather than experimental BSE in
small ruminants, due to the lack of accumulation of abnormal PrP in lymphoid
tissues. In this respect it was different from CWD, and although the
neuropathological features of both diseases were similar, BSE could be clearly
differentiated from CWD by immunohistochemical and Western blotting methods
currently in routine use.
Conclusion: Red deer are susceptible to both BSE and CWD infection, but the
resulting disease phenotypes are distinct and clearly distinguishable.
SNIP...
Results
Clinical disease
All six deer challenged i.c. with BSE developed clinical disease between
794 and 1260 days post-inoculation with a mean incubation period of 1027 days. A
detailed description of the clinical signs was provided in an earlier report
[8]. Briefly, affected deer showed variable degrees of ataxia, anorexia,
circling and apparent blindness, together with failure of seasonal change of
coat, weight loss and 'panic attacks'. In addition, one of six red deer orally
dosed with BSE developed clinical disease 1740 days after challenge, and this
animal presented with a short clinical duration of two days; the other five deer
from this group remain healthy at the time of writing (65 months after
challenge). Sequential rectal biopsies taken at five different time points from
orally and i.c. inoculated deer were negative for PrPd.
All four deer orally challenged with CWD started to show behavioural
changes between 577 and 586 days post challenge;
these progressed to definite neurological disease between 742 and 760 days
post-challenge (Table 1).
Clinical signs were similar to the BSE challenged deer and included
nervousness, weight loss, excessive salivation, roughness of coat, and
progressive ataxia. All these CWD inoculated deer showed PrPd accumulation in
the secondary follicles of rectal biopsies taken at 7 months post
infection.
Conclusion
European red deer are susceptible to infection with the cattle BSE agent,
not only by the intra-cerebral but also by the oral route, and although the
clinical signs and spong- iform change are similar to those of CWD in the same
species, these two infections can be easily differentiated. The lack of lymphoid
involvement, the PrPd truncation pattern both "in vivo" and "in vitro", and the
predominantly intracellular accumulation of PrPd are features of deer BSE that
are in contrast with those of deer CWD. However, only one of six deer developed
disease after alimentary exposure to 25 g of a BSE brain pool homogenate after
an incubation period of nearly 5 years; this suggests a strong species barrier
but if a TSE in European red deer should ever be identified then BSE/CWD
discrimination would be an urgent priority. To determine whether there are
potential naturally occurring BSE-like strains and to determine the degree to
which there is strain variation, it would be necessary to examine many more
naturally occurring CWD cases. These results will support the ongoing European
surveillance for natural TSEs in red deer and the further assessment of
potential risk to human health.
Published: 27 July 2009 BMC Veterinary Research 2009, 5:26
doi:10.1186/1746-6148-5-26 Received: 12 February 2009 Accepted: 27 July 2009
This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/5/26
© 2009 Martin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0),
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Monday, May 05, 2014
*** Member Country details for listing OIE CWD 2013 against the criteria of
Article 1.2.2., the Code Commission recommends consideration for listing ***
snip...
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered
at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the
animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a
requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.
The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from
the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES.
It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin
processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
*** Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than
negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer
and/or elk protein is imported into GB.
There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data
on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these
products.
snip...
2003D-0186 Guidance for Industry: Use of Material From Deer and Elk In
Animal Feed
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
see my full text submission here ;
Sunday, December 15, 2013
*** FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
snip...
please see full text and more ;
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
*** Cervid Health Business Plan Fiscal Years 2014 to 2018 Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services ***
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
*** Cost benefit analysis of the development and use of ante-mortem tests
for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies ***
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Wyoming GAME AND FISH CONTINUES CWD SAMPLING
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Tenth Pennsylvania Captive Deer
Tests Positive for Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PRION DISEASE
Thursday, October 23, 2014
FIRST CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CONFIRMED IN OHIO ON PRIVATE PRESERVE
Tuesday, October 07, 2014
Wisconsin white-tailed deer tested positive for CWD on a Richland County
breeding farm, and a case of CWD has been discovered on a Marathon County
hunting preserve
Thursday, October 02, 2014
IOWA TEST RESULTS FROM CAPTIVE DEER HERD WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
RELEASED 79.8 percent of the deer tested positive for the disease
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
SOUTH BEND DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vs. RUSSELL G. BELLAR, Defendant.
___________________________
)))))))))
Cause No.: 3:04cr00068-AS South Bend, Indiana January 4, 2005 9:30 a.m.
TRANSCRIPT EXCERPT OF JURY TRIAL (TESTIMONY OF: RONNIE DUNN AND RUSTY CAMP)
BEFORE THE HONORABLE ALLEN SHARP
snip...
Ronnie Dunn Cross Examination
Q. Mr. Dunn, at one point I believe you told the federal agents that Mr.
Bellar told you that this was a private deer farm and shooting deer on that farm
was like slaughtering cattle; is that correct?
A. I don't know if I used the word "slaughter," but it was, yeah, like
that.
Q. You don't know if that was your word, "slaughtering cattle"?
A. I don't know that.
Q. Well, did he give you the idea of killing cattle?
A. Yes, it was the same principle.
snip...
see full text ;
BUCK FEVER
Thursday, July 03, 2014
*** How Chronic Wasting Disease is affecting deer population and what’s the
risk to humans and pets?
Tuesday, July 01, 2014
*** CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION DISEASE, GAME FARMS, AND
POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS THERE FROM
Monday, June 23, 2014
PRION 2014 CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
TSS
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.