WISCONSIN DEER FARMING Chronic Wasting Disease CWD DATCP
CWD: A 10-Year Retrospective
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) was first discovered in Wisconsin
in February 2002. Much has changed in the last 10 years. The articles below
provide a retrospective on those changes.
Disease Progression and Spread
Research Accomplishments
Management Approach of Other States
Wisconsin's Management Approach and Improvements
Disease Progression and Spread
The Wisconsin DNR began active surveillance for CWD in 1999
following increased awareness of interstate transport of elk from CWD-infected
western game farms. In February 2002, the DNR was notified that three deer
harvested the previous fall from Deer Management Unit 70A in western Dane County
had tested positive for CWD. This discovery launched an intensive surveillance
effort in Wisconsin that continues today. As of February 2012, nearly 172,000
wild white-tailed deer have been sampled, over 1,800 of which have tested
CWD-positive.
There appear to be two main areas of CWD infection in
Wisconsin. One is centered in western Dane and eastern Iowa counties. The second
is located in northern Illinois and extends into southeastern Wisconsin.
Illinois first detected the presence of CWD in this area in the fall of 2002 and
as of April 2011, 336 CWD-positive deer have been found.
Surveillance has been continuously conducted since 2002 in the
southern portions of the state and routinely on a rotating basis throughout the
rest of the state. Sampling intensity across the majority of the state has been
sufficient enough to have a high degree of confidence that CWD would be detected
if the disease existed at 1% prevalence during the time of surveillance.
CWD has been found in 12 southern Wisconsin counties and the
current CWD Management Zone encompasses all known locations of free-ranging deer
that tested positive for CWD.
Sex and Age Composition of Infected Deer
Analysis of the sex and age composition of positive deer over
the past ten years in Wisconsin has shown that:
disease prevalence is higher in older deer than in younger
deer, and prevalence in males is approximately twice as high as in females.
Overall, there has been an increasing trend in prevalence in all sex and age
classes in the western and eastern Wisconsin core monitoring areas. Since 2002,
prevalence in the western core has increased among:
adult males from about 8% to nearly 18%,
adult females from about 3% to approximately 7%,
yearling males from about 2% to about 6%,
and yearling females from 2% to about 5%.
Prevalence increases are also evident in the eastern core where
prevalence in adult males has increased from 2% to 6% between 2003-2011.
Very few fawns have tested positive for CWD (27 out of more
than 15,000 tested since 2002).
Distribution Analysis
Analyses of the geographic distribution of disease show that
the disease is not evenly distributed throughout the CWD Management Zone.
Disease prevalence is much higher near the centers of each
infection and declines with increasing distance from the center.
In a few square mile sections of land near the centers of the
two infections, overall prevalence (includes deer of all ages and sexes) has
been 8-20%. Analyses by wildlife disease scientists at the University of
Wisconsin find that these spatial patterns are consistent with two separate
disease introductions. These introductions likely occurred more than 20 years
ago with growth in prevalence near the points of introduction and expansion to
current distribution.
Get more information about the location of CWD in Wisconsin and
the progression of the disease.
Research Accomplishments
During the past 10 years there has been an international effort
to learn as much about CWD as possible. During that time, the WDNR has served an
important role in generating new information by conducting in-house research,
directly funding university research and by collaborating with others to share
data and tissue samples from harvested deer. The DNR continues to make
scientific research a priority in management.
This research has expanded our understanding of many facets of
the disease including:
genetic susceptibility of white-tailed deer to CWD, deer social
organization and movement patterns, effects of artificial feeding and baiting on
deer interactions, the effect of social organization and genetic relatedness on
CWD transmission, the potential for scavengers feeding on deer carcasses to
contribute to disease spread, how the landscape may influence the spread of the
disease, and attitudes and behaviors of hunters and landowners in the CWD
affected area. In addition, several research paths have resulted in direct,
significant cost and time savings for CWD management in that:
improved diagnostic tools for detecting CWD has shortened the
time required to notify most hunters of their test results, research on the
binding of prions to soils has helped to identify safe and cost-effective
methods of carcass disposal, an evaluation of the characteristics of deer that
tested positive for CWD has led to more cost-effective strategies for detecting
CWD in areas where it has not been found. Completed and ongoing research
continues to fill important knowledge gaps regarding how CWD is transmitted
among deer and how it spreads across southern Wisconsin. In addition, hundreds
of surveys and discussions with hunters and landowners have led to a better
understanding of opinions, attitudes and behaviors relative to CWD and its
management. The results of the variety of research studies conducted during the
past 10 years in Wisconsin and around the country were used in developing the
current CWD Response Plan.
General State Response to the Threat of CWD in Captive and Wild
Cervids
CWD has been found in captive and wild cervid herds in at least
18 states and two Canadian provinces. Each has a response plan in place with
varying protocols for surveillance and monitoring. The widespread view held by
most agencies is that eradication of CWD is at present not possible. In general,
the programs and structures in place are designed with the following CWD
management goals and guidelines:
Conduct surveillance sufficient enough to establish the
distribution and intensity of CWD in affected areas.
Contain the disease within the known limits of its
distribution, while minimizing geographic spread and local disease intensity.
Prohibit or limit deer baiting activities to prevent
high-density aggregation of animals which can lead to increased transmission
probability.
Quarantine or depopulation of captive cervid farms with
infected animals.
Place restrictions on inter-state transportation of farm-reared
cervids.
Dispose of infected carcasses by way of sealed landfills or
incineration.
Use monetary incentives, increased hunting season length,
landowner permits and sharp-shooting to reduce the density of infected and
susceptible deer on the landscape.
In addition, in several (assumed) CWD-free states adjoining
regions with known infection, surveillance programs are being strategically
conducted to maintain an early detection system in the case of CWD
discovery/spillover.
Examination of wild deer data from Wisconsin, Colorado and
Wyoming (states with known widespread distribution of CWD) show that without
control efforts, CWD prevalence can reach high levels and become geographically
widespread. Additionally, results from predictive models and monitoring data
from Colorado and Wyoming suggest CWD can reduce deer populations—in some cases,
drastically. Prevalence in adult male mule deer on some local winter ranges in
Colorado more than doubled during a six-year period (1997–2002), reaching levels
of 25–40%. A study in Boulder, Colorado showed that prevalence among 46 adult
male mule deer sampled was 41% and prevalence among 69 adult female mule deer
was 20%. The study concluded that high prevalence and shortened lifespan of
infected deer is sufficient to have produced the observed 45% population
decline. Preliminary findings from research in Wyoming have estimated a
prevalence of 28% among white-tailed deer and have documented shorter lifespans
among CWD positive animals.
In contrast to other states, Illinois has pursued a strategy of
expanded public hunting regimes supplemented by localized, intensive
sharpshooting in an effort to increase population turnover. The goal is to
prevent the spread of CWD and eventually eliminate CWD from the affected
populations. Sharpshooting is used to augment the hunting season kill by
significantly reducing post-hunt local deer populations in known CWD areas. This
effort has contributed more than 20% of the deer removed from the four Illinois
counties that have been the primary focus of management efforts during the past
five years. Illinois is currently evaluating the effectiveness of their first
five years of CWD management.Preliminary analyses indicate that they have
achieved both local herd reductions and a corresponding decline in local
prevalence levels in certain age and sex classes.
The Wisconsin and Illinois efforts to manage and respond to CWD
are inextricably linked to the success or failure of one another. To formally
acknowledge this fact, the two states signed a memorandum of understanding in
mid 2010. It is imperative that the two states continue to work together on a
mutual goal for CWD management to have a chance at success.
CWD Management Perspectives and Improvements
When Wisconsin initiated CWD management efforts in 2002, the
goal was to eradicate the disease from the state. Surveillance efforts since
then show the disease is found in a much larger area of southern WI than initial
data indicated.Given the lack of tools available to counter CWD over a broad
spatial extent, eradication was not possible and the current goal for CWD
management is to minimize the area of Wisconsin where CWD occurs and the number
of infected deer in the state.
To that end, the WDNR has made (and will continue to make) a
number of improvements to reduce costs of CWD management, facilitate reliable
broad-scale testing, streamline data collection and management, and foster
cooperative relationships with various community groups. Some of these measures
include:
Improved operational efficiencies such as field lymph node
collection for testing, rather than head removal, which reduces handling and
processing costs.
Cooperative agreements with landfills to safely dispose of deer
carcasses in accordance with guidelines developed through research with UW
Madison. This safe and cost saving measure is an improvement over previous
disposal methods of chemical digestion and incineration (car-killed deer,
butcher waste).
Implementation of an extended landowner hunting season within
the CWD Management Zone from January–March. This season is open to landowners
and those they allow to hunt on their property. It provides additional hunting
opportunity and gives landowners tools to lower local deer herds in areas of
overabundance and high CWD prevalence. Streamlining of detection efforts using
risk factor analysis which allows sampling of fewer deer (focus on higher risk
groups) to achieve a high level of confidence to detect CWD if it is present.
Establishing cooperative relationships with taxidermists and
private businesses throughout the state (cooperative deer registration/sampling
stations) to improve CWD surveillance, and with dozens of butchers to provide
venison to food pantries within the CWD management zone.
Given the uncertainties regarding mechanisms of transmission,
limited tools for management and declining public support and funding,
eliminating CWD from Wisconsin is unlikely. However, a healthy deer population
is essential to maintain Wisconsin’s deer hunting culture, thus there remains a
need and responsibility for the DNR to continue monitoring CWD prevalence and
distribution to make informed decisions about its management.
As of February 2013 there were 511 _registered_ deer farms in
Wisconsin. White-tailed deer farming is regulated and licensed by the Wisconsin
Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) [exit DNR].
However the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is responsible for regulating
white-tailed deer farm fencing. Before you can register your farm with DATCP you
must have your fence inspected and receive a deer farm fence certificate from
the DNR.
Wisconsin cervids CWD first detected in captive herds
DNR has conducted annual surveillance in Portage County since 2002, when a
captive game farm in the southeast part of the county experienced CWD positives
in its herd. The disease was confirmed in a second captive herd in northwest
Portage County in 2008. Since 2002, 1,506 wild deer have been tested.
Information for Farm-Raised Deer Keepers in Wisconsin
Wisconsin Administrative Rules for Farm-Raised Deer Keepers (see sections 10.45 to 10.58)
State Rule Changes to ATCP 10 Concerning Farm-Raised Deer Keepers (Effective August 1, 2012)
Federal Herd Certification Program Rules Concerning Farm-Raised Deer Keepers (Effective December 10, 2012)
General Requirements
General Requirements Summary Brochure
(2 page PDF)
New Farm-Raised Deer Keeper Application
(4 page PDF)
CWD Sampling Reimbursement funds are no longer available.
General Fencing Requirements
Herds With White-tailed Deer (see section 90.21)Herds With No White-tailed Deer (see section 90.20)
Premises Within 5 Miles of Multiple CWD Positive Wild Deer (see section ATCP 10.58)
http://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/atcp/010/10.pdf
CWD Herd Status Program
CWD Herd Status Program Application Packet (5 page PDF)
Census Documents (for CWD Herd Status Program) Updated 02/26/2013
Census Instructions (1 page Word
doc)
Physical Herd Inventory
Form (Excel doc)
Inventory Census Form (2 page
PDF)
Purchased Additions (2 page
PDF)
Live Subtractions (2 page
PDF)
Deaths (2 page
PDF)
Newborn Summary (2 page
PDF)
Request for Electronic Census
Form (1 page
PDF)
Tuberculosis Herd Status Program
NEW! USDA Approved Cervid TB Accredited Veterinarians (PDF, Updated 05/09/2013)
Brucellosis Herd Status Program
Certified Brucellosis-Free Herd Status Application Form (1 page PDF)Hunting Preserves
Hunting Preserves in Wisconsin Summary Brochure (2 page PDF)Hunting Preserve Certificate Application (2 page PDF)
Moving Requirements
In-State Movement RequirementsIn-State Shipping Permit (2 page Word doc)
Importing Into Wisconsin
Exporting to Other States
Useful Information
To Purchase a CD List of Registered Farm-Raised Deer KeepersWisconsin Department of Natural Resources - Wild deer testing positive for CWD
United States Geological Survey - Chronic Wasting Disease in North America
Laboratories that are certified by the United States Department of Agriculture
Deer Keeper Organizations
Whitetails of WisconsinWisconsin Commercial Deer and Elk Farmer’s Association
Reindeer Owners and Breeders Association
North American Elk Breeder Association
For more information or to sign up for updates contact:
(608) 224-4886Richard.Bourie@wisconsin.gov
Karen Torvell, Program Associate
(608) 224-4896Karen.Torvell@wisconsin.gov
United States Department of
AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Safeguarding American Agriculture
This material was made possible, in part, by a Cooperative Agreement from the United States department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). It may not necessarily express APHIS' view.
WISCONSIN DEER FARMING
Subject: WISCONSIN DEER FARMING DATCP
ATCP 10.52 Chronic wasting disease in farm− raised deer.
(1) TEST−ELIGIBLE FARM−RAISED DEER. A farm− raised deer is a test−eligible
deer if it is at least 16 months old, unless a different age is required under
USDA rules. (1m) TESTING REQUIRED. A person who keeps farm−raised deer in this
state shall have a chronic wasting disease test performed on test−eligible
farm−raised deer according to this section:
(a) A farm−raised deer keeper whose herd is enrolled in the chronic wasting
disease herd status program under s. ATCP 10.53 shall have a chronic wasting
disease test performed on each of the following test−eligible farm−raised deer:
1. A farm−raised deer that dies or is killed while kept by that person.
2. A farm−raised deer that the person ships directly to a slaughtering
establishment.
Note: A hunting preserve certified under s. ATCP 10.47 that is enrolled in
the chronic wasting disease herd status program under s. ATCP 10.53 must comply
with par. (a).
(b) A farm−raised deer keeper whose herd is not enrolled in the chronic
wasting disease herd status program under s. ATCP 10.53 shall have a chronic
wasting disease test performed on all of the following test−eligible farm−raised
deer:
1. All farm−raised deer that are killed intentionally or die by accidental
death or natural causes on the premises while kept by that person.
2. Twenty−five percent of all farm−raised deer that are sent to
slaughter.
3. Fifty percent of all farm−raised deer that are intentionally killed
while being kept on a hunting preserve certified under s. ATCP 10.47.
(2) MOVING LIVE FARM−RAISED DEER FROMHERDS IN THIS STATE. No person may
move a live farm−raised deer from a herd in this state unless the movement
complies with s. ATCP 10.56 (1).
(3) COLLECTING TEST SAMPLES. (a) A chronic wasting disease test under sub.
(1m) shall be performed on a tissue sample that complies with all of the
following requirements:
1. The tissue sample shall be collected by a qualified person under sub.
(4).
2. The tissue sample shall be collected within 7 calendar days after the
farm−raised deer dies or is killed or slaughtered, or within 7 calendar days
after its death is first discovered.
3. Except as provided in par. (b), the tissue sample shall be collected
before any part of the farm−raised deer carcass leaves the premises where the
farm−raised deer died, or was killed or slaughtered.
(b) A keeper of farm−raised deer who holds a valid herd registration
certificate under s. ATCP 10.46 (1) may separate the head of a farm−raised deer
carcass from the rest of the carcass, and may ship the head to the person who
collects the test sample under sub. (1m), if the keeper identifies both the head
and the rest of the carcass according to s. ATCP 10.46 (13) before either the
head or the rest of the carcass leaves the herd premises.
(c) A person who collects a test sample under sub. (1m) shall do all of the
following:
1. Comply with standard veterinary procedures when collecting the test
sample.
2. Submit the test sample to a laboratory approved under sub.
(5) within 10 calendar days.
(4) PERSONS QUALIFIED TO COLLECT TEST SAMPLES. (a) A person may not collect
a test sample under sub. (1m) unless the person has completed sample collection
training approved by the department and is one of the following:
1. A Wisconsin certified veterinarian.
2. An employee of the department or the federal bureau.
3. A person approved by the department or the federal bureau.
(b) The department may by written notice, without prior notice or hearing,
disqualify a person from collecting samples under sub. (1m). The notice shall
specify the reason for disqualification. The department may disqualify a person
if the person lacks required qualifications, fails to collect samples that are
consistently testable, or fails to meet other responsibilities under this
chapter. A disqualified person may not collect test samples under sub. (1m).
Note: A disqualified person may request a hearing on a disqualification under
par. (b), pursuant to s. 227, Stats., and ch. ATCP 1. A request for a hearing
does not automatically stay a summary disqualification.
(c) No person may misrepresent, directly or by implication, that any person
is qualified to collect test samples under sub. (1m).
(5) APPROVED LABORATORIES. Tests under sub. (1m) shall be performed at a
laboratory that the department and the federal bureau have approved to conduct
chronic wasting disease tests.
(6) REPORTING TEST RESULTS. Whenever any person receives a laboratory test
result that is positive for chronic wasting disease, that person shall report
that test result according to s. ATCP 10.03. Note: The reporting requirement
under sub. (6) applies to any laboratory test result that is positive for
chronic wasting disease, not just the result of a test required under sub. (1m).
Telephone and FAX reports should be made to the following numbers: Phone: (608)
224−4872 FAX: (608) 224−4871 Written reports should be made to the following
address:
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division
of Animal Health P.O. Box 8911 Madison, WI. 53708−8911
(7) HERD QUARANTINE. The department shall quarantine a farm−raised deer
herd, under s.ATCP 10.91, whenever any farm− raised deer from that herd tests
positive for chronic wasting disease. The department shall conduct an
epidemiological evaluation of the quarantined herd to determine the appropriate
disposition of the herd.
(8) CONDEMNED FARM−RAISED DEER. (a) The department may order the slaughter
or destruction of farm−raised deer, as provided in s. 95.23 (1m) or 95.31,
Stats. An order may do all of the following:
1. Specify a reasonable deadline for the slaughter or destruction.
2. Direct appropriate disease testing and disposition of the
carcasses.
3. Require the herd owner or custodian to enter into a premises plan
agreement under par. (b), within a reasonable time specified in the order, as a
condition to the payment of indemnities under par. (c). The terms of a premises
plan agreement may be contingent on the outcome of disease testing.
(b) A premises plan agreement under par. (a) 3. may require the herd owner
or custodian to clean and disinfect the herd premises, limit future cervid
movement to and from the premises, or comply with other requirements that are
reasonably designed to prevent the spread of disease. An agreement may include a
restrictive covenant, such as a fence maintenance requirement, that is binding
on subsequent property owners for the duration of the agreement.
(c) The owner of farm−raised deer slaughtered or destroyed pursuant to a
department order under par. (a) may request an indemnity as provided in s. 95.23
(1m) or 95.31, Stats. The owner shall file the request with the department, on a
form provided by the department. The request shall include proof of compliance
with the department’s order under par. (a).
Note: A person may obtain an application form under par. (c) by calling
(608) 224−4872, by visiting the department website at www:datcp.state.wi.us, or
by writing to the following address:
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division
of Animal Health P.O. Box 8911 Madison, WI 53718
(9) KEEPER SHALL NOTIFY VETERINARIAN. Whenever a keeper of farm−raised deer
observes signs or symptoms of chronic wasting disease in any animal in the herd,
the keeper shall report the signs or symptoms to a Wisconsin certified
veterinarian. The keeper shall make the report within 24 hours after observing
the signs or symptoms.
History: CR 06−009: cr. Register September 2006 No. 609, eff. 10−1−06; CR
07−107: am. (1) (intro.), r. and recr. (3) (a), (c) 2. and (8) Register November
2008 No. 635, eff. 12−1−08; CR 11−048: renum. (1) to be (1m) and am., cr. (1),
am. (3) (a) (intro.), (b), (c), (4) (a) (intro.), (b), (c), (5) Register July
2012 No. 679, eff. 8−1−12.
ATCP 10.53 Farm−raised deer; chronic wasting disease herd status program.
(1) GENERAL. A person who keeps farm−raised deer in this state and holds a valid
farm−raised deer keeper registration under s. ATCP 10.46 may enroll the herd in
the chronic wasting disease herd status program under this section. Note: No
person may move a live farm−raised deer from a herd in this state unless the
herd is enrolled in the status program under this section. See ss. ATCP 10.52
(2) and 10.56 (1).
(1m) HERD STATUS, MULTIPLE HERDS. A chronic wasting disease herd status may
cover multiple herds of farm−raised deer of one deer keeper or farm−raised deer
of multiple deer keepers if all of the farm−raised deer included in the herd
status are commingled and managed as one herd for disease control purposes. This
subsection does not apply to herds considered by the department to be medically
separated herds.
(2) APPLICATION. To enroll a herd in the status program under this section,
a person shall submit an application on a form provided by the department. The
application shall include all the following:
(a) The name, address and telephone number of the herd owner, and any trade
names under which the herd owner does business.
(b) The name, address and telephone number of the herd custodian, if other
than the herd owner.
(c) The herd location, including the county, town, section and fire number
assigned to that location.
(d) A report of a complete herd census completed no more than 30 days prior
to the date of application. The applicant shall submit the census report on a
form provided by the department. The census report shall include all the
following:
1. The number, species and sex of farm−raised deer in the herd.
2. The number of farm−raised deer at least one year old.
3. The number of farm−raised deer less than one year old.
4. The official individual identification of each farm−raised deer.
5. The month and year of birth of each farm−raised deer. (e) A written
statement, by a Wisconsin certified veterinarian, which certifies all of the
following:
1. That the veterinarian is the herd veterinarian, having established a
valid veterinarian−client relationship with the herd keeper and a valid
veterinarian−patient relationship with the herd.
2. That no farm−raised deer in the herd has shown any clinical signs of
chronic wasting disease in the past 12 months. Note: A person may obtain an
application form under sub. (2) by calling (608) 224−4872, by visiting the
department website at www.datcp.state.wi.us, or by writing to the following
address:
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division
of Animal Health P.O. Box 8911 Madison, WI 53708−8911
(3) ACTION ON APPLICATION. The department shall grant or deny an
application under sub. (2) within 30 days after the department receives a
complete application. Except as provided in sub. (9), a herd is enrolled on the
day that the department accepts the application. The department shall notify the
herd keeper of the enrollment date.
(4) CONTINUED ENROLLMENT. A person who enrolls a herd in the status program
under this section shall do all the following to continue that enrollment: (a)
Identify every farm−raised deer in the herd with official individual
identification before the farm−raised deer is one year old.
(b) Have a chronic wasting disease test performed, according to s. ATCP
10.52, on each of the following farm−raised deer that is at least 16 months
old:
1. A farm−raised deer that dies or is killed while kept by that
person.
2. A farm−raised deer that the person ships to slaughter.
(c) Notify the herd veterinarian within 24 hours after observing any signs
or symptoms of chronic wasting disease in the herd.
(d) Complete an annual herd census and file a report of that herd census
under sub. (5).
(e) Create and maintain complete herd records under sub. (6).
(f) Provide the department with an annual written statement from the herd
veterinarian. A Wisconsin certified veterinarian shall sign and submit the
statement within 30 days before or after the anniversary of the herd’s
enrollment under sub. (3). The statement shall certify all the following:
1. That the veterinarian is the herd veterinarian, having established a
valid veterinarian−client relationship with the herd keeper and a valid
veterinarian−patient relationship with the herd.
2. That the herd has not had any signs of chronic wasting disease, or any
positive test results for chronic wasting disease, in the past 12 months.
(g) Report any escapes from the herd, and any returns of escaped
farm−raised deer to the herd, as required by s. ATCP 10.46 (12).
Note: Under s. ATCP 10.46 (12), if a farm−raised deer escapes from a herd
enrolled in the chronic wasting disease herd status program, and is returned to
the herd more than 72 hours after the escape, it loses its status under the
program and is treated as a new addition to the herd. That will adversely affect
the program status of the entire herd.
A more stringent rule applies if the farm−raised deer escapes into a wild
deer disease control area designated by the Wisconsin department of natural
resources. If that escaped farm−raised deer is returned to the herd more than 24
hours after the escape, it loses its status under the program and is treated as
a new addition to the herd. That will adversely affect the program status of the
whole herd.
If an escaped farm−raised deer is not returned to the herd, there is no
effect on the program status of the herd, except as provided in sub. (7).
(5) ANNUAL HERD CENSUS. A person shall complete an annual herd census under
sub. (4) (d) within 30 days before or after the anniversary of the herd’s
enrollment under sub. (3). The person shall file an annual census report under
sub. (4) (d), on a form provided by the department, within 10 days after
completing the annual herd census. The report shall include all of the
following:
(a) A whole herd inventory that shall include all of the following:
1. The total number of farm−raised deer in the herd at least one year
old.
2. The total number of farm−raised deer less than one year old.
3. The species, sex, and month and year of birth of all farm− raised deer
in the herd.
4. The official individual identification and any auxiliary identification
of each farm−raised deer that is at least one year old.
5. The following information for each farm−raised deer added to the herd
since the last herd census:
a. Whether the new farm−raised deer was born in the herd or added from
another source.
b. If the farm−raised deer was added from another source, the name and
address of the person from whom it was obtained.
Note: Farm−raised deer less than one year old may be grouped by like
species, sex, and month and year of birth, for example: 5 WTD, Female, born in
herd, June, 2011.
(b) A report that indicates, for each farm−raised deer that has left the
herd since the last reported herd census, by escape, death, slaughter or
transfer of ownership, all of the following:
1. The total number of farm−raised deer less than one year old that left
the herd.
2. The official individual identification and any auxiliary identification
of each farm−raised deer that left the herd.
3. Species, sex, and month and year of birth for each farm− raised deer
that left the herd.
4. Whether the farm−raised deer escaped, died on the premises, was shipped
directly to a slaughtering establishment for slaughter, or was shipped to a
place other than a slaughtering establishment.
5. If the farm−raised deer was shipped live to a place other than a
slaughtering establishment, the name and address of the person to whom it was
shipped and the place to which it was shipped.
6. If the farm−raised deer died on the premises, was slaughtered, or killed
and the farm−raised deer was at least 16 months old, copies of the laboratory
report showing the chronic wasting disease test results required under sub. (4)
(b) if the test was not performed at the Wisconsin veterinary diagnostic
laboratory.
7. If the farm−raised deer died on the herd premises, the disposition of
its carcass. If the carcass left the premises, the report shall identify the
carcass destination and recipient.
8. If the farm−raised deer was shipped directly to a slaughtering
establishment, the name and address of the slaughtering establishment.
9. If the farm−raised deer escaped, the information required under par.
(c).
(c) A report of escapes that shall include information related to every
farm−raised deer that has escaped since the last reported herd census,
including:
1. The date of the escape, and the date of the escape report required under
s. ATCP 10.46 (12).
2. If the escaped animal was returned to the herd, the date of the return
and the date of the return report required under s. ATCP 10.46 (12).
3. If the escaped animal was killed before returning to the herd, the date
it was killed, the date the chronic wasting disease sample was submitted for
testing, and the results of that test.
4. The circumstances that resulted in the escape.
5. Steps taken to prevent recurring escapes.
(d) Census verification by a certified veterinarian, if required by the
department.
Note: The department may require census verification by a certified
veterinarian if, for example, the federal bureau requires such verification or
the census contains significant discrepancies.
(5m) FINAL HERD CENSUS. (a) A registered farm−raised deer keeper who is no
longer operating a deer farm or no longer participating in the chronic wasting
disease herd status program under this section shall complete a final herd
census. The final herd census shall include all the information required under
sub. (5).
(b) A final census shall be submitted to the department within 30 days of
herd dispersal, or immediately upon termination of participation in the chronic
wasting disease herd status program.
(6) HERD RECORDS. The keeper of a herd enrolled in the status program under
this section shall keep the following herd records, shall retain the records for
at least 5 years, and shall make the
records available to the department for inspection and copying upon
request:
(a) A record of each farm−raised deer added to the herd from another
source, including:
1. The species, age, sex and official individual identification of the
farm−raised deer.
2. The name and address of the person from whom the farm− raised deer was
obtained.
3. The address and livestock premises code, if any, of the herd from which
the farm−raised deer was obtained.
4. A copy of the certificate of veterinary inspection that accompanied the
farm−raised deer.
(b) A record of each farm−raised deer leaving the herd, including all the
following:
1. Whether the farm−raised deer died on the premises, was shipped directly
to a slaughtering establishment, or was shipped live to a place other than a
slaughtering establishment.
2. If the farm−raised deer was shipped live to a place other than a
slaughtering establishment, the name of the person to whom it was shipped, the
place to which it was shipped, and a copy of the certificate of veterinary
inspection that accompanied the farm−raised deer.
3. If the farm−raised deer died on the premises, the apparent cause of
death, the age of the farm−raised deer, and the disposition of its carcass. If
the carcass left the premises, the record shall identify the carcass destination
and recipient.
4. If the farm−raised deer was shipped directly to a slaughtering
establishment, the age of the farm−raised deer and the name and address of the
slaughter establishment.
(c) A record of all chronic wasting disease tests conducted on farm−raised
deer in the herd.
(d) Records received from the herd veterinarian related to veterinary
services provided to the herd.
(7) HERD ENROLLMENT; SUSPENSION. (a) The department may by written notice,
without prior notice or hearing, suspend a herd’s enrollment in the herd status
program under this section if any of the following occur:
1. The herd keeper falsifies any information in an enrollment application,
or falsifies any subsequent information required for continued enrollment.
2. The herd keeper fails to comply with requirements under subs. (4) and
(5) for continued enrollment.
3. The herd keeper violates sub. (10) related to herd additions.
4. At least 2 wild deer found or killed within 5 miles of the farm−raised
deer herd have tested positive for chronic wasting disease, and the farm−raised
deer herd is not enclosed by a double protective barrier under s. ATCP
10.58.
5. Fewer than 90% of the farm−raised deer that left the herd by death,
escape or slaughter in any census year, including farm− raised deer whose
remains were not testable because of deterioration when found, were tested for
chronic wasting disease according to sub. (4) (b).
6. A chronic wasting disease test positive farm−raised deer was previously
a member of the herd.
7. The department reasonably suspects that the herd may include one or more
deer infected with chronic wasting disease.
(b) The state veterinarian or designee may issue a suspension notice under
par. (a). The suspension notice shall state the reasons for the
suspension.
Note: No live farm−raised deer may be moved from a herd while a suspension
under sub. (7) is in effect. See ss. ATCP 10.52 (2) and 10.56 (1). A herd keeper
may request a hearing on a suspension, pursuant to s. 227.42, Stats., and ch.
ATCP 1. A request for hearing does not automatically stay a summary
suspension.
(8) HERD ENROLLMENT; REVOCATION. (a) The department shall by written
notice, without prior notice or hearing, revoke a herd’s enrollment in the herd
status program under this section if a farm− raised deer in the herd tests
positive for chronic wasting disease.
(b) The department may by written notice, without prior notice or hearing,
revoke a herd’s enrollment in the herd status program under this section if the
herd keeper fails, within 90 days after the department suspends the herd’s
enrollment under sub. (7), to correct conditions for which the department has
suspended the herd’s enrollment.
(c) The state veterinarian or designee may issue a revocation notice under
par. (a) or (b). The revocation notice shall state the reason for the
revocation.
Note: No live farm−raised deer may be moved from a herd after a herd
enrollment is revoked under sub. (8). See ss. ATCP 10.52 (2) and 10.56 (1). A
herd keeper may request a hearing on a revocation, pursuant to s. 227.42,
Stats., and ch. ATCP 1. A request for hearing does not automatically stay a
summary revocation.
(9) HERD ENROLLMENT; REINSTATEMENT. (a) Except as provided in par. (b), the
department may reinstate a herd’s enrollment in the herd status program,
following a valid suspension or revocation, if the department finds that changed
circumstances warrant reinstatement. The department may specify a reinstatement
date that it deems appropriate. The department may reinstate enrollment
retroactively following a valid suspension, as it deems appropriate, but may not
reinstate enrollment retroactively following a valid revocation.
(b) The department may not reinstate enrollment following a valid
revocation under sub. (8) (a).
(c) If the department finds that a suspension or revocation was invalid
when issued, the department shall reinstate the enrollment retroactive to the
applicable status date of the herd at the time the invalid suspension or
revocation was issued.
(d) The department may reinstate a herd status program enrollment suspended
under sub. (7) (a) 5., subject to conditions specified by the department, if any
of the following apply:
1. The next annual herd census documents that 95% of the farm−raised deer
which in that census year left the herd by escape, death or slaughter, including
farm−raised deer whose remains were not testable because of deterioration when
found, were tested for chronic wasting disease according to sub. (4) (b).
2. Within 60 days after the farm−raised deer keeper receives the suspension
notice, the keeper kills and tests for chronic wasting disease a number of
farm−raised deer that is at least equal to 90% of the number that the keeper
failed to test in the census year in which the keeper failed to meet the testing
standard under sub. (7) (a) 5. Farm−raised deer killed and tested under this
subdivision shall be at least 16 months old, and shall have been in the herd for
at least 120 days.
Note: For example, if under sub. (7) (a) 5. the department suspends a
herd’s enrollment in the chronic wasting disease herd status program because the
farm−raised deer keeper tested only 19 of the 30 herd members that died or were
slaughtered during a census year (less than 90%), the department may reinstate
the enrollment if within 60 days the farm−raised deer keeper kills and tests at
least 10 farm−raised deer from the herd. Reinstatement may also be conditioned
on the keeper’s agreement to pay a court−ordered civil forfeiture under s. 95.99
(3), Stats., for violation of the testing requirement under s. ATCP 10.52
(1m).
(10) HERD ADDITIONS. (a) No person may add a cervid to a herd enrolled in
the status program under this section unless one of the following applies:
1. The cervid is a farm−raised deer that originates from another herd in
this state that is enrolled under this section and is moved in compliance with
s. ATCP 10.56.
2. The cervid is a farm−raised deer that is imported in compliance with s.
ATCP 10.55, and originates from a herd that is one of the following:
a. Enrolled in a state−recognized chronic wasting disease program that is
at least equal to the program under this section.
b. Enrolled in a federal program that complies with federal uniform methods
and rules.
(b) If a person adds a farm−raised deer in a manner not in compliance with
par. (a), the status date of the receiving herd will be lowered to the status
date of the incoming farm−raised deer’s herd of origin.
Note: If a farm−raised deer originates from the wild or from a herd that is
not enrolled in a program meeting the requirements of par. (a), the destination
herd will lose all status. The certificate of veterinary inspection indicates
chronic wasting disease program status.
(c) The herd status of the herd of destination is not affected under this
section if the herd of origin of the added cervid has 5 or more years of status
in a program meeting par. (a).
(11) NEW HERD; ENROLLMENT DATE. If a person assembles a new herd consisting
solely of farm−raised deer from source herds that are already enrolled in a
program under sub. (10) (a), the new herd is enrolled in the program under this
section on the latest enrollment date assigned to any of those source herds if
all the following apply:
(a) The herd keeper submits an enrollment application under sub. (2) within
90 days after the keeper acquires the first farm− raised deer to create the new
herd, and the department accepts that enrollment application.
(b) The herd keeper complies with this section.
(c) The herd keeper includes the following information in the initial herd
census report under sub. (2) (d), in addition to the information required under
sub. (2) (d):
1. The official individual identification of every farm−raised deer in the
new herd, including those less than one year old.
2. The source herd from which each farm−raised deer in the new herd
originated, including the address of the source herd, the name and address of
the source herd keeper, and the livestock premises code if any for the source
herd premises.
3. The date on which each farm−raised deer was added to the new herd.
(d) The herd keeper conducts a chronic wasting disease test, according to
s. ATCP 10.52, on any farm−raised deer in the new herd that dies or is killed or
slaughtered before the herd is enrolled under this section. This paragraph does
not apply to a farm−raised deer that is less than 16 months old.
(e) The herd is not kept at a location where a prior herd was depopulated
because of exposure to or infection with chronic wasting disease.
(f) The farm−raised deer in the new herd were moved in compliance with ss.
ATCP 10.55 and 10.56.
History: CR 06−009: cr. Register September 2006 No. 609, eff. 10−1−06; CR
07−107: cr. (4) (g), (5) (f) 5., (g) to (i) and (9) (d), am. (5) (f) (intro.),
1., (7) (a) 5. and (8) (b), r. and recr. (7) (a) 4. Register November 2008 No.
635, eff. 12−1−08; CR 11−048: am. (1), cr. (1m), am. (2) (d) 4., cr. (2) (d) 5.,
r. and recr. (5), cr. (5m), am. (7) (a) 2., (9) (c), (10) (a) 1., r. and recr.
(10) (b), (c) Register July 2012 No. 679, eff. 8−1−12; correction in (1m)
(title) under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 2. Register July 2012 No. 679.
ATCP 10.54 Farm−raised deer; identification.
(1) OFFICIAL INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION. (a) Whenever a veterinarian does
any of the following to a farm−raised deer, the veterinarian shall identify the
farm−raised deer with an official individual identification unless the
farm−raised deer already bears an official individual identification:
1. Vaccinates, identifies or tests a farm−raised deer in order to complete
a certificate of veterinary inspection or other official document or
certification.
2. Tests, or collects test samples from, a farm−raised deer for any disease
identified in s. ATCP 10.03.
(c) A keeper of farm−raised deer shall identify each of the following
farm−raised deer with an official individual identification unless that
farm−raised deer already bears an official individual identification:
1. Each farm−raised deer that the person receives from another
person.
2. Each farm−raised deer that the person ships or delivers to another
person.
3. Each farm−raised deer that the person moves from one farm−raised deer
herd to another.
4. Each farm−raised deer that the person moves between locations that are
registered under one registration certificate under s. ATCP 10.46 (4) (b).
(d) Whenever an animal dealer or animal market operator receives any
farm−raised deer, the animal dealer or animal market operator shall immediately
identify that farm−raised deer with an official individual identification unless
the farm−raised deer already bears an official individual identification or is
backtagged for slaughter under sub. (2).
(e) No animal dealer or animal market operator may deliver a farm−raised
deer to the custody of any other person unless that farm−raised deer bears an
official individual identification or is backtagged for slaughter under sub.
(2).
(f) No person may remove, alter or tamper with the official individual
identification given to any farm−raised deer, except as approved by the
department or the federal bureau.
(2) SLAUGHTER IDENTIFICATION.
(a) Whenever an animal trucker, animal dealer, animal market operator or
slaughtering establishment operator receives any farm−raised deer for slaughter,
or for sale or shipment to slaughter, that recipient shall immediately identify
that farm−raised deer with an official backtag or other official slaughter
identification approved by the department unless the farm−raised deer already
bears official slaughter identification.
(b) Whenever any person under par. (a) receives a farm−raised deer for
slaughter, or for sale or shipment to slaughter, that recipient shall
immediately record the following information related to that farm−raised
deer:
1. The official slaughter identification under par. (a).
2. The date on which that recipient received the farm−raised deer.
3. The name and address of the person from whom that recipient received the
farm−raised deer.
(c) A person who is required to keep records under par. (b) shall do all of
the following:
1. Retain each record for at least 5 years.
2. Make the records available to the department, upon request, for
inspection and copying. History: CR 06−009: cr. Register September 2006 No. 609,
eff. 10−1−06; CR 11−048: am. (1) (a) 2. Register July 2012 No. 679, eff.
8−1−12.
ATCP 10.55 Farm−raised deer; imports.
(1) GENERAL.
No person may import a farm−raised deer into this state without an import
permit under s. ATCP 10.07 (2). Imports of farm−raised deer shall comply with
this section.
Note: See also ss. ATCP 10.81 (importing circus, rodeo, racing and
menagerie animals) and 10.84 (importing wild animals).
(2) CERTIFICATE OF VETERINARY INSPECTION; REQUIREMENT. (a) Except as
provided in par. (b), a valid certificate of veterinary inspection shall
accompany every farm−raised deer imported into this state.
(b) A certificate of veterinary inspection is not required under par. (a)
for a farm−raised deer imported directly to a slaughtering establishment for
slaughter if all the following apply:
1. The farm−raised deer is accompanied by a completed federal bureau form
VS 1−27. Note: Federal bureau form VS 1−27 must be completed by an accredited
veterinarian, an authorized state animal health official or the federal
bureau.
2. The farm−raised deer, if at least 16 months old, is tested for chronic
wasting disease after being slaughtered. Testing shall comply with test
standards in s. ATCP 10.52.
(3) CERTIFICATE OF VETERINARY INSPECTION; CONTENTS. A certificate of
veterinary inspection under sub. (2) (a) shall include all of the
following:
(a) A tuberculosis certification under sub. (4).
(b) A report of compliance with brucellosis testing requirements specified,
in the brucellosis uniform methods and rules, for interstate movement of
farm−raised deer.
Note: The brucellosis uniform methods and rules are on file with the
department and the legislative reference bureau. Copies may be obtained from the
USDA website at: www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health. Copies may also be obtained
by writing to the following address:
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division
of Animal Health P.O. Box 8911 Madison, WI 53708−8911
(e) The following statement or a substantially similar statement: “All
cervids identified on this certificate originate from a herd enrolled for the
past 5 years under a state−recognized chronic wasting disease program that is at
least equal to the program under s. ATCP 10.53, Wis. Adm. Code.”
(4) TUBERCULOSIS STATUS. A certificate of veterinary inspection under sub.
(2) (a) shall certify one of the following:
(a) The farm−raised deer originates from a herd that qualifies as an
accredited tuberculosis−free herd under s. ATCP 10.49 (1) (a).
(b) The farm−raised deer originates from a herd that qualifies as a
tuberculosis qualified herd, based on a whole herd test completed within 365
days prior to the import date. History: CR 06−009: cr. Register September 2006
No. 609, eff. 10−1−06; CR 07−107: r. (3) (c), (d), (4) (c), (d) and (5), am. (4)
(b) Register November 2008 No. 635, eff. 12−1−08; CR 11−048: am. (3) (e)
Register July 2012 no. 679, eff. 8−1−12.
ATCP 10.56 Moving farm−raised deer in Wisconsin.
(1) CERTIFICATE OF VETERINARY INSPECTION REQUIRED. A valid certificate of
veterinary inspection shall accompany every farm− raised deer that is moved from
a herd in this state, except that no certificate of veterinary inspection is
required for any of the following:
(a) A farm−raised deer moved directly to slaughter, if all the following
apply:
1. The farm−raised deer is accompanied by a completed federal bureau form
VS 1−27, or a department permit under s. ATCP 10.08 (3).
Note: Federal bureau form VS 1−27 may be completed by an accredited
veterinarian, an authorized state animal health official or the federal
bureau.
2. The farm−raised deer, if at least 16 months old, is tested for chronic
wasting disease after being slaughtered. Testing shall comply with test
standards in s. ATCP 10.52.
(b) A farm−raised deer moved, pursuant to a permit under s. ATCP 10.08 (3),
between institutions that are accredited by the American association of
zoological parks and aquariums.
(c) A farm−raised deer moved between 2 locations that are covered by the
same registration certificate under s. ATCP 10.46 (4) (b).
(d) A farm−raised deer movement that is treated as a movement within a
single herd for purposes of s. ATCP 10.46 (5) (b).
(2) CERTIFICATE OF VETERINARY INSPECTION; CONTENTS. A certificate of
veterinary inspection under sub. (1) (a) shall be signed by a Wisconsin
certified veterinarian who is the herd veterinarian for the herd of origin. The
certificate shall include all of the following:
(a) The tuberculosis certification under sub. (3).
(b) The chronic wasting disease certification under sub. (4).
(3) TUBERCULOSIS CERTIFICATION. A certificate of veterinary inspection
under sub. (1) (a) shall certify one of the following:
(a) The farm−raised deer originates from an accredited tuberculosis−free
herd under s. ATCP 10.49.
(b) The farm−raised deer originates from a herd that is classified as a
tuberculosis qualified herd under s. ATCP 10.49, based on a whole herd test
completed within the preceding 365 days.
(c) The farm−raised deer meets all of the following requirements:
1. It originates from a tuberculosis monitored herd under s. ATCP
10.49.
2. It has tested negative on a tuberculosis test conducted no more than 90
days prior to the movement date.
3. It has been continuously isolated since the test under subd. 2., in a
manner that prevents it from contracting tuberculosis from other cervids.
(d) The farm−raised deer meets all of the following requirements: 1. It has
tested negative on 2 tuberculosis tests conducted 90 to 270 days apart, and the
second test was performed within 90 days prior to the movement date.
2. It has been isolated since the first test under subd. 1., in a manner
that prevents it from contracting tuberculosis from other cervids.
Note: The department offers a pamphlet describing suggested bio−security
measures to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis. You may obtain a copy by
calling (608) 224−4872, by visiting the department website at
www.datcp.state.wi.us, or by
writing to the following address: Wisconsin Department of Agriculture,
Trade and Consumer Protection Division of Animal Health P.O. Box 8911 Madison,
WI 53708−8911
(e) It is being moved, pursuant to a department permit under s. ATCP 10.08
(3), to a tuberculosis isolation and testing facility for which the department
has issued a permit under s. ATCP 10.46 (14).
(f) The farm−raised deer meets all of the following requirements:
1. The farm−raised deer is moving into a hunting preserve holding a
certificate under s. ATCP 10.47.
2. It originates from a herd that has completed a whole herd test.
3. It has tested negative on a tuberculosis test conducted no more than 90
days prior to the movement date. 4. It has been continuously isolated since the
tuberculosis test in a manner that prevents it from contracting tuberculosis
from other cervids.
Note: See the note under par. (d) above.
(4) CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CERTIFICATION.
A certificate of veterinary inspection under sub. (1) (a) shall certify
that the farm− raised deer originates from a herd that meets all of the
following requirements:
(a) It has shown no clinical signs of chronic wasting disease in the past
12 months.
(b) It has been enrolled in the chronic wasting disease herd status program
under s. ATCP 10.53 and has at least 5 years of status.
(c) It is adequately separated from any wild deer herd known to be infected
with chronic wasting disease. If 2 or more wild deer found or killed within 5
miles of the farm−raised deer herd have tested positive for chronic wasting
disease, the certificate of veterinary inspection may not certify that the
farm−raised deer herd is adequately separated under this paragraph unless the
herd is enclosed by a double protective barrier under s. ATCP 10.58 that was
installed before, or within a reasonable time after, the farm− raised deer
keeper first received notice of the disease finding in the second wild deer and
has been continuously maintained since erected.
Note: The department will notify a farm−raised deer keeper whenever a wild
deer found or killed within 5 miles of the keeper’s farm−raised deer herd tests
positive for chronic wasting disease. Ninety days is generally a “reasonable
time” to install a double protective barrier, for purposes of par. (c), although
winter construction limitations may justify a longer “reasonable time.”
History: CR 06−009: cr. Register September 2006 No. 609, eff. 10−1−06; CR
07−107: cr. (1) (d) and (4) (c), am. (3) (d) 1., r. and recr. (4) (b) Register
November 2008 No. 635, eff. 12−1−08; CR 11−048: am. (3) (b), cr. (3) (f), am.
(4) (b) Register July 2012 No. 679, eff. 8−1−12.
ATCP 10.58 Farm−raised deer; separation from diseased wild deer. For
purposes of ss. ATCP 10.53 (7) (a) 4. and 10.56 (4) (c), a double protective
barrier means one of following systems, or a combination of any of the following
systems, which fully encloses a farm−raised deer herd and is approved by the
department:
(1) A double fence that meets all of the following requirements:
(a) Each fence is at least 8 feet high at every point.
(b) The 2 fences are at least 10 feet but not more than 16 feet apart at
every point.
(2) A solid barrier that is at least 8 feet high at every point. History:
CR 07−107: cr. Register November 2008 No. 635, eff. 12−1−08; correction in
(intro.) and renumbering made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 1. and 7., Stats., Register
November 2008 No. 635.
CWD Sample Training Available to Deer Farm Owners Wisconsin Ag Connection
- 06/07/2013
Farm-raised deer owners from across Wisconsin who are interested in
becoming certified to collect the tissues needed for Chronic Wasting Disease
testing can receive training later this month. A special course will be held on
June 27 at 1:00 p.m. at the Hancock Ag Research Station.
Instructed by Dr. Richard Bourie and field staff veterinarians from the
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, attendees of this free seminar will receive
information on rules, procedures and equipment necessary to collect CWD tissue
samples. In addition, workshop attendees will learn the details of the entire
certification process.
Training is available to owners, their designated employee or immediate
family member.
Pre-registration is required by June 20 by calling 608-224-4896.
Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin Deer
2011
By Erin Larson
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) began monitoring the
state’s wild white-tailed deer for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in 1999. Three
positive deer were identified from Dane County through random testing of hunter
harvested deer in November 2001. Since 2002 about 172,000 deer have been tested
in Wisconsin for CWD with 1,806 testing positive. Surveillance has been
continually conducted in the southern portions of the state as well as rotating
statewide surveillance. CWD positive wild deer have been found in 12 southern
counties to date. The majority of the positives remain in a small 126-mi2 area
bounded by Spring Green, Mazomanie, Black Earth, Mount Horeb and Ridgeway in
Dane and Iowa counties. No positives have been found outside of the CWD
management zone.
Over 5,000 wild deer were tested during the 2011-2012 CWD year. Currently
236 deer have tested positive during this year (see Table 1). Also taking place
during the 2011-2012 year was a landowner hunting season. Landowners and hunters
could buy $2 permits for hunting from January 9, 2012 – March 31, 2012.
Since 2002, CWD prevalence within our western monitoring area has shown an
overall increasing trend in all sex and age classes. During the past 10 years,
the trend in prevalence in adult males has risen from about 8 percent to about
18 percent, and in adult females from about 3 percent to approximately 7
percent. During that same time, the prevalence trend in yearling males has
increased from about 2 percent to about 6 percent and in yearling females from
less than 2 percent to about 5 percent. It is important to keep in mind that
annual prevalence estimates are subject to sampling variation, and that trends
over time give better information.
snip...
Prevalence & surveillance Since 2002, chronic wasting disease (CWD)
prevalence within our western monitoring area has shown an overall increasing
trend in all sex and age classes. During the past 11 years, the trend in
prevalence in adult males has risen from 8-10 percent to over 20 percent, and in
adult females from about 3-4 percent to approximately 9 percent. During that
same time, the prevalence trend in yearling males has increased from about 2
percent to about 6 percent and in yearling females from roughly 2 percent to
about 5 percent.
We continue to find that disease prevalence is higher in males than females
and higher in adults than yearlings. It is important to keep in mind that annual
prevalence estimates are subject to sampling variation, and that trends over
time give us better information. These annual monitoring data are important for
Wisconsin's understanding of CWD distribution and prevalence.
The graphs in the links below show estimates of prevalence of CWD in the
western monitoring area for yearling and adult males and females during
2002-2012. Illustrated in the graphs are the annual estimates (solid diamonds
and open squares), trend lines that are based on all 11 years of test results
(bold solid and dashed lines), and the uncertainty associated with the trend
lines (thin solid and dashed lines).
Interactive mapping application showing harvest locations of all deer tested including
those with positive test results.
CWD sampling areas for 2012 [PDF]The DNR will focus statewide surveillance in Dodge, Grant, Juneau, and Adams counties for the 2012 season. In the CWD Management Zone, the department will continue to sample in the monitoring areas, Devils Lake, and Racine, Kenosha, Richmond, and Sauk counties. In addition, an intense sampling effort will take place around the Washburn positive.
Prevalence of CWD in the CWD Zones [PDF]This map displays the estimated prevalence of CWD per square mile within the CWD management zone. It is based on testing data collected from 2002-2009.
CWD positive deer locations [PDF] Updated 4/3/2013.
Wisconsin/Illinois Positive Locations [PDF] Updated 4/12/2013.
http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/wildlifehabitat/prevalence.html
CWD sampling areas for 2012 [PDF]The DNR will focus statewide surveillance in Dodge, Grant, Juneau, and Adams counties for the 2012 season. In the CWD Management Zone, the department will continue to sample in the monitoring areas, Devils Lake, and Racine, Kenosha, Richmond, and Sauk counties. In addition, an intense sampling effort will take place around the Washburn positive.
Prevalence of CWD in the CWD Zones [PDF]This map displays the estimated prevalence of CWD per square mile within the CWD management zone. It is based on testing data collected from 2002-2009.
CWD positive deer locations [PDF] Updated 4/3/2013.
Wisconsin/Illinois Positive Locations [PDF] Updated 4/12/2013.
http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/wildlifehabitat/prevalence.html
CWD detected in Washburn county in northwest Wisconsin
Why fawns are not routinely tested for CWD
The department highly discourages the testing of any fawns regardless of
where they were harvested. Of the more than 15,800 fawns from the CWD-MZ that
have been tested, only 27 tested positive, and most of those were nearly one
year old.
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 MONTH age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
Deer trustee report implementationHerd Health/Chronic Wasting Disease
Action Team
yep, while the Texas deer czar dr. dough was off to Wisconsin pushing the
privately owned shooting pen industry (livestock cervids industry), Texas fell
to CWD, and just reported 4 more CWD postives. ...
for your information...
According to Wisconsin’s White-Tailed Deer Trustee Dr. James Kroll, people
who call for more public hunting opportunities are “pining for socialism.” He
further states, “(Public) Game management is the last bastion of communism.”
“Game Management,” says James Kroll, driving to his high-fenced,
two-hundred-acre spread near Nacogdoches, “is the last bastion of communism.”
Kroll, also known as Dr. Deer, is the director of the Forestry Resources
Institute of Texas at Stephen F. Austin State University, and the “management”
he is referring to is the sort practiced by the State of Texas. The 55-year-old
Kroll is the leading light in the field of private deer management as a means to
add value to the land. His belief is so absolute that some detractors refer to
him as Dr. Dough, implying that his eye is on the bottom line more than on the
natural world. Kroll, who has been the foremost proponent of deer ranching in
Texas for more than thirty years, doesn’t mind the controversy and certainly
doesn’t fade in the heat. People who call for more public lands are “cocktail
conservationists,” he says, who are really pining for socialism. He calls
national parks “wildlife ghettos” and flatly accuses the government of gross
mismanagement. He argues that his relatively tiny acreage, marked by eight-foot
fences and posted signs warning off would-be poachers, is a better model for
keeping what’s natural natural while making money off the land.
Tuesday, July 10, 2012
Dr. James C. Kroll Texas deer czar final report on Wisconsin
Friday, June 01, 2012
*** TEXAS DEER CZAR TO WISCONSIN ASK TO EXPLAIN COMMENTS
Thursday, March 29, 2012
TEXAS DEER CZAR SAYS WISCONSIN DNR NOT DOING ENOUGH ABOUT CWD LIKE POT
CALLING KETTLE BLACK
Tuesday, July 10, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Far West Texas
Monday, February 11, 2013
TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD Four New Positives Found in Trans Pecos
Thursday, May 02, 2013
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Texas Important Update on OBEX ONLY TEXTING
Tuesday, November 02, 2010
IN CONFIDENCE
The information contained herein should not be disseminated further except
on the basis of "NEED TO KNOW".
BSE - ATYPICAL LESION DISTRIBUTION (RBSE 92-21367) statutory (obex only)
diagnostic criteria CVL 1992
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD, and other TSE prion disease, these TSE prions
know no borders.
these TSE prions know no age restrictions.
The TSE prion disease survives ashing to 600 degrees celsius, that’s around
1112 degrees farenheit.
you cannot cook the TSE prion disease out of meat.
you can take the ash and mix it with saline and inject that ash into a
mouse, and the mouse will go down with TSE.
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production as well.
the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated Wastewater Treatment Processes.
IN fact, you should also know that the TSE Prion agent will survive in the
environment for years, if not decades.
you can bury it and it will not go away.
The TSE agent is capable of infected your water table i.e. Detection of
protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area.
it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and be done with.
that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission, a simple
autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
I go from state to state trying to warn of the CWD and other TSE prion
disease in other species, I just made a promise to mom. back then, there was no
information.
so, I submit this to you all in good faith, and hope that you take the time
to read my research of the _sound_, peer review science, not the junk science
that goes with the politics $$$
right or left or teaparty or independent, you cannot escape the TSE prion
disease.
there is a lot of science here to digest, but better digesting this _sound_
science, instead of the junk political science you will hear from the shooting
pen industry.
snip...
see full text of my submission here ;
please see what the U.K. DEFRA recently said ABOUT CWD RISK FACTORS ;
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered
at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the
animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a
requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.
The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from
the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES.
It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin
processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible
risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk
protein is imported into GB.
There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data
on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these
products.
snip...
36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of
deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of
Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).
The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and
behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition,
signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a
fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an
altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids
experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB,
for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate
if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the
human food-chain via affected venison.
snip...
The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and
can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).
snip...
In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil
and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a
bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are
present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with
CWD prion.
snip...
In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving
between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling
to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing,
footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible.
For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the
increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant
uncertainty associated with these estimates.
snip...
Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher
probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer
given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists
and returning GB residents.
snip...
see full text report here ;
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from,
each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd
infected cervid game ranch type farms ???
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American
captive herd.
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for
$465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and
approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
SUMMARY:
snip...
C. The DNR will begin timber removal from outside the fence this winter.
Timber removal from inside the fence has begun with hazardous trees removed. The
construction of a second fence 10 – 12 feet outside the present fence will begin
in the spring. This will add an additional level of security for keeping wild
deer from entering the farm and maintain the integrity of the perimeter (see
attachment).
D. The DNR plans to use the Almond Farm as a CWD research facility. Because
the question of how long a contaminated site is a risk to deer is of national
and international interest, there may be opportunities for research and funding
at this facility. One way to potentially assess whether there is a risk to deer
from the Almond Farm is to conduct bioassays focusing on prions persisting in
soil and what role environmental contamination plays in disease transmission. A
proposal is pending from the University of Wisconsin – Stevens Point that
concerns prion degradation via composting. The group is seeking additional
funding from the University of Wisconsin – Madison and representatives in
Canada. USGS is also contemplating a proposal contingent on funding from their
pending federal budget. Any proposed research that includes bringing captive
cervids onto the property will be thoroughly reviewed by the CWD Research
Committee consisting of the Wildlife Health Team, the Wildlife Policy Team, and
Department administration as well as external CWD experts prior to permission
being granted to ensure that the health of the wild deer herd will not be
endangered. The double fencing described above will be critical to minimize the
risk of ingress of free-ranging and egress of any experimental captive cervids.
E. The house is rented and currently occupied by a Northeast district wildlife
employee. The Lessee agrees to perform weekly fence inspections to insure that
the fence integrity has not been compromised. The Lessee also pays for all
utilities, and will provide lawn care, snow removal, gutter cleaning, and other
miscellaneous maintenance as needed. In exchange for these services the monthly
rental fee has been waived. It is agreed that the Lessor and the Lessee shall
review said waiver of the monthly rental charge at the end of every twelve
months that this lease is in effect (see attachment).
snip...
Despite the five year premise plan and site decontamination, The WI DNR has
concerns over the bioavailability of infectious prions at this site to wild
white-tail deer should these fences be removed. Current research indicates that
prions can persist in soil for a minimum of 3 years. However, Georgsson et al.
(2006) concluded that prions that produced scrapie disease in sheep remained
bioavailable and infectious for at least 16 years in natural Icelandic
environments, most likely in contaminated soil. Additionally, the authors
reported that from 1978-2004, scrapie recurred on 33 sheep farms, of which 9
recurrences occurred 14-21 years after initial culling and subsequent restocking
efforts; these findings further emphasize the effect of environmental
contamination on sustaining TSE infectivity and that long-term persistence of
prions in soils may be substantially greater than previously thought. Evidence
of environmental transmission also was documented in a Colorado research
facility where mule deer became infected with CWD in two of three paddocks where
infected deer carcasses had decomposed on site 1.8 years earlier, and in one of
three paddocks where infected deer had last resided 2.2 years earlier (Miller et
al. 2004).
snip...
Environmental contamination has been identified as a possible cause of
recurrence of CWD-infection on elk farms in Canada, when elk were reintroduced
one year after depopulation, clean up and disinfection. To date, 8 CWD infected
farms remain under CFIA (government of Canada) quarantine indefinitely and will
not be allowed to repopulate with cervids until there is additional research on
detection of prions in soils and better understanding of the duration of
persistence of disease-causing prion post depopulation of CWD-infected cervid
farms (Douglas, CFIA, pers. comm.).
Furthermore, the likely transmission of CWD via soil is corroborated by
recent studies showing long-term persistence of prions in soil, that prion binds
to soil components with high affinity and is not easily removed by water, and
that oral prion disease transmission may be enhanced when bound to soil (Johnson
et al. 2006, Schramm et al. 2006, Johnson et al. 2007). These findings suggest
that soil may harbor more TSE infectivity and contribute more significantly to
TSE transmission than previously recognized. These studies highlight the
concerns about the risk of transmission via environmental contamination beyond
five years and that efforts should be made to prevent freeranging deer from
coming into contact with these contaminated facilities.
SNIP...
CHAPTER TWO
OBJECTIVE FOR PROPERTY
Maintain the Perimeter Deer Fence
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
Wisconsin Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Monday, January 16, 2012
9 GAME FARMS IN WISCONSIN TEST POSITIVE FOR CWD
Tuesday, April 16, 2013
Cervid Industry Unites To Set Direction for CWD Reform and seem to ignore
their ignorance and denial in their role in spreading Chronic Wasting
Disease
Tuesday, December 18, 2012
A Growing Threat How deer breeding could put public trust wildlife at risk
*** Cumulative Distribution of CWD among Farmed Cervid Herds October 2012,
2013, and depopulation maps
see full text and more here ;
Thursday, February 09, 2012
50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
pens, pens, PENS ???
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of
CWD. The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a
Dr. Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted
at this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that
had previously been occupied by sheep.
now, decades later ;
The most widely accepted hypothesis at this time is that CWD may have
originated from an interspecies transmission of scrapie. It is worth noting that
experimental transmission of scrapie into elk via IC inoculation is clinically
and neuropathologically indistinguishable from CWD with currently available
experimental methods.44
snip...see much more here ;
Thursday, June 13, 2013
Experimental interspecies transmission studies of the transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies to cattle: comparison to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy in cattle
2012
PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed
deer
snip...
After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie.
Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were
necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for
PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer
exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD
whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On
further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer
with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with
scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are
strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with
scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4
or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly
immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This
work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first
passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.
2011
*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were
susceptible to scrapie.
Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National
Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie
and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the
opportunity
After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were
susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental
depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer
were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity
included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node,
Peyer’s patches, and spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain
regions of deer inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer,
the pattern similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.
2011 Annual Report
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research
Unit 2011 Annual Report
In Objective 1, Assess cross-species transmissibility of transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in livestock and wildlife, numerous
experiments assessing the susceptibility of various TSEs in different host
species were conducted. Most notable is deer inoculated with scrapie, which
exhibits similarities to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer suggestive of
sheep scrapie as an origin of CWD.
snip...
4.Accomplishments 1. Deer inoculated with domestic isolates of sheep
scrapie. Scrapie-affected deer exhibit 2 different patterns of disease
associated prion protein. In some regions of the brain the pattern is much like
that observed for scrapie, while in others it is more like chronic wasting
disease (CWD), the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy typically associated
with deer. This work conducted by ARS scientists at the National Animal Disease
Center, Ames, IA suggests that an interspecies transmission of sheep scrapie to
deer may have been the origin of CWD. This is important for husbandry practices
with both captive deer, elk and sheep for farmers and ranchers attempting to
keep their herds and flocks free of CWD and scrapie.
White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection
snip...
This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are
susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation.
In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine similarities between
scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic
wasting disease resulting from similar routes of inoculation.
see full text ;
UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN
Wednesday, September 08, 2010
CWD PRION CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
The chances of a person or domestic animal contracting CWD are “extremely
remote,” Richards said. The possibility can’t be ruled out, however. “One could
look at it like a game of chance,” he explained. “The odds (of infection)
increase over time because of repeated exposure. That’s one of the downsides of
having CWD in free-ranging herds: We’ve got this infectious agent out there that
we can never say never to in terms of (infecting) people and domestic
livestock.”
P35
ADAPTATION OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD) INTO HAMSTERS, EVIDENCE OF A
WISCONSIN STRAIN OF CWD
Chad Johnson1, Judd Aiken2,3,4 and Debbie McKenzie4,5 1 Department of
Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA 53706 2
Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 3 Alberta Veterinary
Research Institute, 4.Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, 5
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
T6G 2P5
The identification and characterization of prion strains is increasingly
important for the diagnosis and biological definition of these infectious
pathogens. Although well-established in scrapie and, more recently, in BSE,
comparatively little is known about the possibility of prion strains in chronic
wasting disease (CWD), a disease affecting free ranging and captive cervids,
primarily in North America. We have identified prion protein variants in the
white-tailed deer population and demonstrated that Prnp genotype affects the
susceptibility/disease progression of white-tailed deer to CWD agent. The
existence of cervid prion protein variants raises the likelihood of distinct CWD
strains. Small rodent models are a useful means of identifying prion strains. We
intracerebrally inoculated hamsters with brain homogenates and phosphotungstate
concentrated preparations from CWD positive hunter-harvested (Wisconsin CWD
endemic area) and experimentally infected deer of known Prnp genotypes. These
transmission studies resulted in clinical presentation in primary passage of
concentrated CWD prions. Subclinical infection was established with the other
primary passages based on the detection of PrPCWD in the brains of hamsters and
the successful disease transmission upon second passage. Second and third
passage data, when compared to transmission studies using different CWD inocula
(Raymond et al., 2007) indicate that the CWD agent present in the Wisconsin
white-tailed deer population is different than the strain(s) present in elk,
mule-deer and white-tailed deer from the western United States endemic region.
PPo3-7:
Prion Transmission from Cervids to Humans is Strain-dependent
Qingzhong Kong, Shenghai Huang,*Fusong Chen, Michael Payne, Pierluigi
Gambetti and Liuting Qing Department of Pathology; Case western Reserve
University; Cleveland, OH USA *Current address: Nursing Informatics; Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
Key words: CWD, strain, human transmission
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a widespread prion disease in cervids
(deer and elk) in North America where significant human exposure to CWD is
likely and zoonotic transmission of CWD is a concern. Current evidence indicates
a strong barrier for transmission of the classical CWD strain to humans with the
PrP-129MM genotype. A few recent reports suggest the presence of two or more CWD
strains. What remain unknown is whether individuals with the PrP-129VV/MV
genotypes are also resistant to the classical CWD strain and whether humans are
resistant to all natural or adapted cervid prion strains. Here we report that a
human prion strain that had adopted the cervid prion protein (PrP) sequence
through passage in cervidized transgenic mice efficiently infected transgenic
mice expressing human PrP, indicating that the species barrier from cervid to
humans is prion strain-dependent and humans can be vulnerable to novel cervid
prion strains. Preliminary results on CWD transmission in transgenic mice
expressing human PrP-129V will also be discussed.
Acknowledgement Supported by NINDS NS052319 and NIA AG14359.
PPo2-27:
Generation of a Novel form of Human PrPSc by Inter-species Transmission of
Cervid Prions
Marcelo A. Barria,1 Glenn C. Telling,2 Pierluigi Gambetti,3 James A.
Mastrianni4 and Claudio Soto1 1Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's disease and
related Brain disorders; Dept of Neurology; University of Texas Houston Medical
School; Houston, TX USA; 2Dept of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular
Genetics and Neurology; Sanders Brown Center on Aging; University of Kentucky
Medical Center; Lexington, KY USA; 3Institute of Pathology; Case western Reserve
University; Cleveland, OH USA; 4Dept of Neurology; University of Chicago;
Chicago, IL USA
Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans
and animals that result from the conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) into
the misfolded and infectious prion (PrPSc). Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of
cervids is a prion disorder of increasing prevalence within the United States
that affects a large population of wild and captive deer and elk. CWD is highly
contagious and its origin, mechanism of transmission and exact prevalence are
currently unclear. The risk of transmission of CWD to humans is unknown.
Defining that risk is of utmost importance, considering that people have been
infected by animal prions, resulting in new fatal diseases. To study the
possibility that human PrPC can be converted into the infectious form by CWD
PrPSc we performed experiments using the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification
(PMCA) technique, which mimic in vitro the process of prion replication. Our
results show that cervid PrPSc can induce the pathological conversion of human
PrPC, but only after the CWD prion strain has been stabilized by successive
passages in vitro or in vivo. Interestingly, this newly generated human PrPSc
exhibits a distinct biochemical pattern that differs from any of the currently
known forms of human PrPSc, indicating that it corresponds to a novel human
prion strain. Our findings suggest that CWD prions have the capability to infect
humans, and that this ability depends on CWD strain adaptation, implying that
the risk for human health progressively increases with the spread of CWD among
cervids.
PPo2-7:
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Different CWD
Isolates
Martin L. Daus and Michael Beekes Robert Koch Institute; Berlin,
Germany
Key words: CWD, strains, FT-IR, AFM
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is one of three naturally occurring forms of
prion disease. The other two are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and scrapie
in sheep. CWD is contagious and affects captive as well as free ranging cervids.
As long as there is no definite answer of whether CWD can breach the species
barrier to humans precautionary measures especially for the protection of
consumers need to be considered. In principle, different strains of CWD may be
associated with different risks of transmission to humans. Sophisticated strain
differentiation as accomplished for other prion diseases has not yet been
established for CWD. However, several different findings indicate that there
exists more than one strain of CWD agent in cervids. We have analysed a set of
CWD isolates from white-tailed deer and could detect at least two biochemically
different forms of disease-associated prion protein PrPTSE. Limited proteolysis
with different concentrations of proteinase K and/or after exposure of PrPTSE to
different pH-values or concentrations of Guanidinium hydrochloride resulted in
distinct isolate-specific digestion patterns. Our CWD isolates were also
examined in protein misfolding cyclic amplification studies. This showed
different conversion activities for those isolates that had displayed
significantly different sensitivities to limited proteolysis by PK in the
biochemical experiments described above. We further applied Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy in combination with atomic force microscopy. This
confirmed structural differences in the PrPTSE of at least two disinct CWD
isolates. The data presented here substantiate and expand previous reports on
the existence of different CWD strains.
2012
Envt.06:
Zoonotic Potential of CWD: Experimental Transmissions to Non-Human Primates
Emmanuel Comoy,1,† Valérie Durand,1 Evelyne Correia,1 Aru Balachandran,2
Jürgen Richt,3 Vincent Beringue,4 Juan-Maria Torres,5 Paul Brown,1 Bob Hills6
and Jean-Philippe Deslys1
1Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; 2Canadian Food
Inspection Agency; Ottawa, ON Canada; 3Kansas State University; Manhattan, KS
USA; 4INRA; Jouy-en-Josas, France; 5INIA; Madrid, Spain; 6Health Canada; Ottawa,
ON Canada
†Presenting author; Email: emmanuel.comoy@cea.fr
The constant increase of chronic wasting disease (CWD) incidence in North
America raises a question about their zoonotic potential. A recent publication
showed their transmissibility to new-world monkeys, but no transmission to
old-world monkeys, which are phylogenetically closer to humans, has so far been
reported. Moreover, several studies have failed to transmit CWD to transgenic
mice overexpressing human PrP. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the
only animal prion disease for which a zoonotic potential has been proven. We
described the transmission of the atypical BSE-L strain of BSE to cynomolgus
monkeys, suggesting a weak cattle-to-primate species barrier. We observed the
same phenomenon with a cattleadapted strain of TME (Transmissible Mink
Encephalopathy). Since cattle experimentally exposed to CWD strains have also
developed spongiform encephalopathies, we inoculated brain tissue from
CWD-infected cattle to three cynomolgus macaques as well as to transgenic mice
overexpressing bovine or human PrP. Since CWD prion strains are highly
lymphotropic, suggesting an adaptation of these agents after peripheral
exposure, a parallel set of four monkeys was inoculated with CWD-infected cervid
brains using the oral route. Nearly four years post-exposure, monkeys exposed to
CWD-related prion strains remain asymptomatic. In contrast, bovinized and
humanized transgenic mice showed signs of infection, suggesting that CWD-related
prion strains may be capable of crossing the cattle-to-primate species barrier.
Comparisons with transmission results and incubation periods obtained after
exposure to other cattle prion strains (c-BSE, BSE-L, BSE-H and cattle-adapted
TME) will also be presented, in order to evaluate the respective risks of each
strain.
Envt.07:
Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free
Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease
Martin L. Daus,1,† Johanna Breyer,2 Katjs Wagenfuehr,1 Wiebke Wemheuer,2
Achim Thomzig,1 Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2 and Michael Beekes1 1Robert Koch
Institut; P24 TSE; Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Neuropathology, Prion and
Dementia Research Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
†Presenting author; Email: dausm@rki.de
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, rapidly spreading
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurring in cervids in North
America. Despite efficient horizontal transmission of CWD among cervids natural
transmission of the disease to other species has not yet been observed. Here, we
report a direct biochemical demonstration of pathological prion protein PrPTSE
and of PrPTSE-associated seeding activity in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected
cervids. The presence of PrPTSE was detected by Western- and postfixed frozen
tissue blotting, while the seeding activity of PrPTSE was revealed by protein
misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). The concentration of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscles of CWD-infected WTD was estimated to be approximately 2000- to
10000-fold lower than in brain tissue. Tissue-blot-analyses revealed that PrPTSE
was located in muscle- associated nerve fascicles but not, in detectable
amounts, in myocytes. The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscle from CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human
diet as a precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further
clarification of whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.
Thursday, April 03, 2008
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
Sigurdson CJ.
snip...
*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported
to the Surveillance Center***,
snip...
full text ;
Monday, November 14, 2011
WYOMING Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Sunday, November 13, 2011
COLORADO CWD CJD TSE PRION REPORTING 2011
Friday, November 09, 2012
*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other
species
Sunday, November 11, 2012
*** Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease
November 2012
Friday, December 14, 2012
*** Susceptibility Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in wild cervids to Humans
2005 - December 14, 2012
Saturday, March 09, 2013
Chronic Wasting Disease in Bank Voles: Characterisation of the Shortest
Incubation Time Model for Prion Diseases
CJD9/10022
October 1994
Mr R.N. Elmhirst Chairman British Deer Farmers Association Holly Lodge
Spencers Lane BerksWell Coventry CV7 7BZ
Dear Mr Elmhirst,
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) SURVEILLANCE UNIT REPORT
Thank you for your recent letter concerning the publication of the third
annual report from the CJD Surveillance Unit. I am sorry that you are
dissatisfied with the way in which this report was published.
The Surveillance Unit is a completely independant outside body and the
Department of Health is committed to publishing their reports as soon as they
become available. In the circumstances it is not the practice to circulate the
report for comment since the findings of the report would not be amended. In
future we can ensure that the British Deer Farmers Association receives a copy
of the report in advance of publication.
The Chief Medical Officer has undertaken to keep the public fully informed
of the results of any research in respect of CJD. This report was entirely the
work of the unit and was produced completely independantly of the the
Department.
The statistical results reqarding the consumption of venison was put into
perspective in the body of the report and was not mentioned at all in the press
release. Media attention regarding this report was low key but gave a realistic
presentation of the statistical findings of the Unit. This approach to
publication was successful in that consumption of venison was highlighted only
once by the media ie. in the News at one television proqramme.
I believe that a further statement about the report, or indeed statistical
links between CJD and consumption of venison, would increase, and quite possibly
give damaging credence, to the whole issue. From the low key media reports of
which I am aware it seems unlikely that venison consumption will suffer
adversely, if at all.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030511010117/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/10/00003001.pdf
PLUS, THE CDC DID NOT PUT THIS WARNING OUT FOR THE WELL BEING OF THE DEER
AND ELK ;
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Travel History, Hunting, and Venison Consumption Related to Prion Disease
Exposure, 2006-2007 FoodNet Population Survey
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Volume 111, Issue 6 , Pages
858-863, June 2011.
NOR IS THE FDA recalling this CWD positive elk meat for the well being of
the dead elk ;
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
Noah's Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat
derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS
AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II
Tuesday, May 28, 2013
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD quarantine Louisiana via CWD index herd
Pennsylvania Update May 28, 2013
6 doe from Pennsylvania CWD index herd still on the loose in Louisiana,
quarantine began on October 18, 2012, still ongoing, Lake Charles premises.
Wednesday, June 12, 2013
CWD now waltzing into Texas from Pennsylvania CWD index herd, via
Louisiana, or Missouri now ?
Sunday, June 09, 2013
Missouri House forms 13-member Interim Committee on the Cause and Spread of
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Tuesday, June 11, 2013
CWD GONE WILD, More cervid escapees from more shooting pens on the loose in
Pennsylvania
PAUL BROWN SCRAPIE SOIL TEST
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving
between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling
to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing,
footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible.
For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the
increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant
uncertainty associated with these estimates.
Probable amount of CWD prions on contaminated boots and equipment
SNIP...
Given that a hunter or tourist walks in areas which are contaminated with
CWD, it is possible that they will collect soil on their boots and other
equipment. This likelihood will increase if the hunter has shot and handled a
CWD infected deer resulting in contamination of the hunting equipment (e.g.
knives) and their clothing and they subsequently arrive in GB with this
equipment, footwear and clothing. Further, the soles of hiking boots tend to
retain more soil than those of normal shoes. Wilkinson (2010), for example,
removed 0.1 g of soil from hiking boots after returning to GB from a 2-month
research visit to Canada. The amount of CWD prion in this amount of soil will
depend upon the density of CWD infected animals excreting prions into the
environment and the type of soil; CWD prion binds to clay soil, for example.
Animal mortality sites could also be hotspots of CWD prion given the highly
infectious nervous system matter entering into the environment and soil
(Saunders et al., 2010).
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
Research Article
Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with
Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to
Montmorillonite Clay
Tracy A. Nichols mail, Terry R. Spraker, Tara D. Rigg, Crystal
Meyerett-Reid, Clare Hoover, Brady Michel, Jifeng Bian, Edward Hoover, Thomas
Gidlewski, Aru Balachandran, Katherine O'Rourke, Glenn C. Telling, Richard
Bowen, [ ... ], Kurt C. VerCauteren equal contributor
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), the only known prion disease endemic in
wildlife, is a persistent problem in both wild and captive North American cervid
populations. This disease continues to spread and cases are found in new areas
each year. Indirect transmission can occur via the environment and is thought to
occur by the oral and/or intranasal route. Oral transmission has been
experimentally demonstrated and although intranasal transmission has been
postulated, it has not been tested in a natural host until recently. Prions have
been shown to adsorb strongly to clay particles and upon oral inoculation the
prion/clay combination exhibits increased infectivity in rodent models. Deer and
elk undoubtedly and chronically inhale dust particles routinely while living in
the landscape while foraging and rutting. We therefore hypothesized that dust
represents a viable vehicle for intranasal CWD prion exposure. To test this
hypothesis, CWD-positive brain homogenate was mixed with montmorillonite clay
(Mte), lyophilized, pulverized and inoculated intranasally into white-tailed
deer once a week for 6 weeks. Deer were euthanized at 95, 105, 120 and 175 days
post final inoculation and tissues examined for CWD-associated prion proteins by
immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that CWD can be efficiently
transmitted utilizing Mte particles as a prion carrier and intranasal exposure.
snip...
The results of this study confirm that CWD can be successfully transmitted
IN as a lyophilized prion particulate adsorbed to Mte and that genotype at codon
96 affects the lymphoid distribution of CWD within the body. Additionally, two
novel intranasal tracking methods were employed that provided insight into CWD
translocation within the nasal cavity. The data collected in this study may also
shed light on why there is a higher prevalence of CWD in males, as males
participate in more behaviors that generate dust. We propose chronic, long-term
exposure to CWD prions adsorbed to dust particles to be a natural CWD infection
route in addition to chronic oral and nasal contact exposure.
Citation: Nichols TA, Spraker TR, Rigg TD, Meyerett-Reid C, Hoover C, et
al. (2013) Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
with Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to
Montmorillonite Clay. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62455.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062455
Editor: Anthony E. Kincaid, Creighton University, United States of America
Received: November 30, 2012; Accepted: March 21, 2013; Published: May 9,
2013
This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely
reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by
anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative
Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
Funding: Funding was provided by U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services (VS). The funders had no
role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests
exist.
see full text ;
Thanks again to PLOS et al for full text access to this scientific research
on the CWD TSE prion disease...tss
see more here ;
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with
Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to
Montmorillonite Clay
Research Article
Friday, February 08, 2013
*** Behavior of Prions in the Environment: Implications for Prion Biology
Friday, February 25, 2011
Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds Soil clay content
underlies prion infection odds
Greetings TAHC, Carol Pivonka, et al,
I kindly wish to comment on the proposed rule making for “Chronic Wasting
Disease (CWD)”.
AS a layperson, and since the confirmed death of my mother to the
Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, I have followed the mad cow
debacle/blunder, the CWD blunder, the scrapie blunder, and the human CJD
science, daily since that day December 14, 1997 MOM DOD hvCJD. I made a promise
to her about the fact I would not let this die with her. back then there was no
information, and I made a promise I would my best to find this information, make
it public, for everyone to know.
There is much science out there, updated peer review science, and
transmission studies, that dispute some of the things said by TAHC, and other
government agencies, I wish to kindly submit this science. I hope that my
submission is made available to the public, and especially the members of the
meeting that is to be held on September 18, 2012 meeting, to amend Chapter 40,
entitled “Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)”.
My submission is as follows, and I will comment after each key point
separately ;
Below are key points of the proposed rules to Chapter 40:
• Require additional cervid species such as North American Elk or Wapiti,
red deer and Sika deer to participate in surveillance for CWD if they are being
moved or transported within the state.
• Provide enrollment requirements for the TAHC Complete Monitored Herd
Program for CWD, based in large part on the USDA interim final rule on CWD.
o Complete physical inventory of the herd every three years
o Fences must be 8 feet in height for herds enrolling after the rule is
effective
o Require 30 feet of separation between herds, with no shared working
facilities
o Requires reporting of all CWD suspicious animals and testing of all death
losses in animals 12 months of age or older (changed from 16 months).
• Delegates authority to the Executive Director to issue an order to
declare a CWD high risk area or county based on sound epidemiological principles
for disease detection, control and eradication.
>>> • Require additional cervid species such as North American Elk
or Wapiti, red deer and Sika deer to participate in surveillance for CWD if they
are being moved or transported within the state.
1st and foremost, any voluntary cwd program will fail.
BY only requiring this, ONLY ‘if these cervids are being moved or
transported within state’, and NOT in general, this is a mistake. Elk or Wapiti,
red deer and Sika that are not moved within state, will not be in the
surveillance program, and these animals could potentially risk CWD to other herd
mates, that might be transported within state.
ALSO, these same cervids, once traded within state, could potentially be
subclinically infected with CWD (considering cwd testing protocols, age limits
etc.), and once traded within state, could it not be possible to then trade them
out of state?
*** I propose this proposal should be that all cervids, should be in this
CWD surveillance program, and this program should be MANDATORY, if the state is
going to license ANY game farm or fenced in game farm/ranch. ...TSS
Monday, June 18, 2012
natural cases of CWD in eight Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and five Sika/red
deer crossbreeds captive Korea and Experimental oral transmission to red deer
(Cervus elaphus elaphus)
Tuesday, June 19, 2012
Experimental Oral Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease to Reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus tarandus)
====================================
>>> • Provide enrollment requirements for the TAHC Complete
Monitored Herd Program for CWD, based in large part on the USDA interim final
rule on CWD.
o Complete physical inventory of the herd every three years
o Fences must be 8 feet in height for herds enrolling after the rule is
effective
o Require 30 feet of separation between herds, with no shared working
facilities
o Requires reporting of all CWD suspicious animals and testing of all death
losses in animals 12 months of age or older (changed from 16 months).
FIRST LET’S look at the USDA interim final rule on CWD and my submission ;
Comment from Terry Singeltary Document ID: APHIS-2011-0032-0002Document
Type: Public Submission This is comment on Notice: Agency Information Collection
Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and Approvals: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd
Certification Program Docket ID: APHIS-2011-0032RIN: Topics: No Topics
associated with this document
View Document: Show Details
Document Subtype: Public Comment Status: Posted Received Date: January 24
2012, at 12:00 AM Eastern Standard Time Date Posted: January 25 2012, at 12:00
AM Eastern Standard Time Comment Start Date: January 24 2012, at 12:00 AM
Eastern Standard Time Comment Due Date: March 26 2012, at 11:59 PM Eastern
Daylight Time Tracking Number: 80fa2c68 First Name: Terry Middle Name: S. Last
Name: Singeltary City: Bacliff Country: United States State or Province: TX
Organization Name: LAYPERSON Submitter's Representative: CJD TSE PRION VICTIMS
Comment:
Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and
Approvals: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program (Document ID
APHIS-2011-0032-0001) I believe that any voluntary program for CWD free herd
certification from game farms will be futile, as was the partial and voluntary
mad cow feed ban of August 4, 1997. That failed terribly, with some 10,000,000
of banned blood laced MBM being fed out in 2007, a decade post August 4, 1997
partial and voluntary ban. Game farms are a petri dish for CWD TSE Prion
disease, with Wisconsin having documented 9 CWD infected game farms, with one
having the highest CWD infection rate in the world, 80% CWD infection rate. I
believe that all game farms should be SHUT DOWN PERMANENTLY. CWD TSE prion
disease survives ashing to 600 degrees celsius, that’s around 1112 degrees
farenheit. you cannot cook the CWD TSE prion disease out of meat. you can take
the ash and mix it with saline and inject that ash into a mouse, and the mouse
will go down with TSE. Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious
after Biodiesel Production as well. the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated
Wastewater Treatment Processes. IN fact, you should also know that the CWD TSE
Prion agent will survive in the environment for years, if not decades. you can
bury it and it will not go away. CWD TSE agent is capable of infected your water
table i.e. Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a
CWD-endemic area. it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and
be done with. that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission,
a simple autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
additional data submission ;
Name: Terry S. Singeltary
Address: Bacliff, TX,
Submitter's Representative: CJD TSE PRION VICTIMS
Organization: LAYPERSON
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Comment
Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and
Approvals: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program (Document ID
APHIS-2011-0032-0001)
I believe that any voluntary program for CWD free herd certification from
game farms will be futile, as was the partial and voluntary mad cow feed ban of
August 4, 1997. That failed terribly, with some 10,000,000 of banned blood laced
MBM being fed out in 2007, a decade post August 4, 1997 partial and voluntary
ban.
Game farms are a petri dish for CWD TSE Prion disease, with Wisconsin
having documented 9 CWD infected game farms, with one having the highest CWD
infection rate in the world, 80% CWD infection rate.
I believe that all game farms should be SHUT DOWN PERMANENTLY.
CWD TSE prion disease survives ashing to 600 degrees celsius, that’s around
1112 degrees farenheit.
you cannot cook the CWD TSE prion disease out of meat.
you can take the ash and mix it with saline and inject that ash into a
mouse, and the mouse will go down with TSE.
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production as well.
the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated Wastewater Treatment Processes.
IN fact, you should also know that the CWD TSE Prion agent will survive in
the environment for years, if not decades.
you can bury it and it will not go away.
CWD TSE agent is capable of infected your water table i.e. Detection of
protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area.
it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and be done with.
that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission, a simple
autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
=====================================
>>> o Complete physical inventory of the herd every three years
By only doing a physical inventory of the herd every three years, any
cervid escapee from any game farm will not be detected for 3 years. This will
allow 3 years for any potential CWD infected cervid that might escape to infect
the wild herds.
*** I propose a physical inventory of the herd should be done every year,
and this should be mandatory. ...TSS
Deer, elk continue to escape from state farms
Article by: DOUG SMITH , Star Tribune Updated: March 14, 2011 - 12:08 PM
Curbing chronic wasting disease remains a concern; officials are increasing
enforcement.
Almost 500 captive deer and elk have escaped from Minnesota farms over the
past five years, and 134 were never recaptured or killed.
So far this year, 17 deer have escaped, and officials are still searching
for many of those.
see ;
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Monday, June 11, 2012
OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting
==================================
>>> o Fences must be 8 feet in height for herds enrolling after
the rule is effective
IT’s been documented that cervids can jump much higher than 8ft. This is a
fact. This 8 foot rule on single fence heights does not completely protect the
wild cervid herds from Chronic Wasting Disease CWD.
*** I propose that it should be mandatory for double fencing, with the
height of either fence not to be any lower than 12 feet, if these deer
farms/ranches are going to be in existence. WE MUST PROTECT OUR WILD HERDS.
...TSS
Oh deer! Animals escape from Todmorden farm after fence cut
Published on Saturday 7 April 2012 15:00
A STAG and six hinds are on the loose after a wire fence was cut at a
Todmorden deer farm.
The damage was carried out between Tuesday April 3 and 8am the following
day at East Hey Farm, Stone Cross Road.
The high-value animals are reported to have run in the direction of
Burnley.
Police and the owner are appealing for witnesses or anyone with information
to contact Sergeant Damon Walker on 101 or Crimestoppers, in confidence, on 0800
555 111.
Last year, only one deer was removed from the airport. It was unclear how
the deer got past the wildlife fence — there might have been a small opening in
the fence, or the deer might have simply jumped the 10 feet. Scherschligt said
wildlife studies indicate that deer can sometimes jump 12-foot-tall
obstructions, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture rates some whitetail deer
as capable of jumping 15 feet.
Jumping to a vertical height of at least eight feet, deer can scale over
barriers you may think are impossible. Watching a deer confronted with a
vertical, eight-foot tall, hight-tensile wire fence then
watching it leap over from a standing position makes a startling
impression. A frightened deer mhurdle a fence as high as 12 feet if given a
running start and enough adrenalin. Horizontally, a deer may leap 15 to 30 feet,
the longer distance only when frightened. In general, a deer may jump high or
long, but not both at the same time. Deer have also been known to crawl under
fences and through openings as small as 7.5 inches. The will of a deer to
penetrate a fence is dependent on the force of the motivation behind it.
Sauer (1984) reported white-tailed deer could jump a 2.1-m fence from a
standing start and could jump a 2.4-m fence from a running start. In
contradiction, Fitzwater (1972) indicates that a 2.4-m fence is sufficient to
prevent deer from jumping. Ludwig and Bremicker (1981) concluded that 2.4-m
fencing was effective at keeping deer out of roadways as long as the length of
the fence is extended well beyond the high-risk area for deer-vehicle
collisions.
===================================
>>> o Require 30 feet of separation between herds, with no shared
working facilities
IN my opinion, 30 feet is not enough separation between herds, considering
AEROSOL SPREAD of the CWD TSE prion agent via dirt. Also, the spreading of the
CWD TSE agent via rodents in the pens, from pen to pen, and any potential salvia
from any feed that may be transferred from pen to pen via said rodents, could be
a risk factor.
*** I propose that all pens should be double fenced as I proposed above,
and that the separation between herds, should be much, much, greater than the 30
feet proposed, and that risk factors for any potential AEROSOL SPREAD, DIRT,
RODENTS, WATER. ...TSS
Saturday, September 01, 2012
Resistance of Soil-Bound Prions to Rumen Digestion
Monday, September 17, 2012
Rapid Transepithelial Transport of Prions Following Inhalation
Thursday, May 31, 2012
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PRION2012 Aerosol, Inhalation transmission,
Scrapie, cats, species barrier, burial, and more
Chronic Wasting Disease Susceptibility of Four North American Rodents
Chad J. Johnson1*, Jay R. Schneider2, Christopher J. Johnson2, Natalie A.
Mickelsen2, Julia A. Langenberg3, Philip N. Bochsler4, Delwyn P. Keane4, Daniel
J. Barr4, and Dennis M. Heisey2 1University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Comparative Biosciences, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison WI
53706, USA 2US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006
Schroeder Road, Madison WI 53711, USA 3Wisconsin Department of Natural
Resources, 101 South Webster Street, Madison WI 53703, USA 4Wisconsin Veterinary
Diagnostic Lab, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison WI 53706, USA *Corresponding author
email: cjohnson@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
We intracerebrally challenged four species of native North American rodents
that inhabit locations undergoing cervid chronic wasting disease (CWD)
epidemics. The species were: deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), white-footed
mice (P. leucopus), meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and red-backed voles
(Myodes gapperi). The inocula were prepared from the brains of hunter-harvested
white-tailed deer from Wisconsin that tested positive for CWD. Meadow voles
proved to be most susceptible, with a median incubation period of 272 days.
Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of PrPd in the
brains of all challenged meadow voles. Subsequent passages in meadow voles lead
to a significant reduction in incubation period. The disease progression in
red-backed voles, which are very closely related to the European bank vole (M.
glareolus) which have been demonstrated to be sensitive to a number of TSEs, was
slower than in meadow voles with a median incubation period of 351 days. We
sequenced the meadow vole and red-backed vole Prnp genes and found three amino
acid (AA) differences outside of the signal and GPI anchor sequences. Of these
differences (T56-, G90S, S170N; read-backed vole:meadow vole), S170N is
particularly intriguing due its postulated involvement in "rigid loop" structure
and CWD susceptibility. Deer mice did not exhibit disease signs until nearly 1.5
years post-inoculation, but appear to be exhibiting a high degree of disease
penetrance. White-footed mice have an even longer incubation period but are also
showing high penetrance. Second passage experiments show significant shortening
of incubation periods. Meadow voles in particular appear to be interesting lab
models for CWD. These rodents scavenge carrion, and are an important food source
for many predator species. Furthermore, these rodents enter human and domestic
livestock food chains by accidental inclusion in grain and forage. Further
investigation of these species as potential hosts, bridge species, and
reservoirs of CWD is required.
please see ;
Detection of Protease-Resistant Prion Protein in Water from a CWD-Endemic
Area
65
Tracy A. Nichols*1,2, Bruce Pulford1, Christy Wyckoff1,2, Crystal
Meyerett1, Brady Michel1, Kevin Gertig3, Jean E. Jewell4, Glenn C. Telling5 and
M.D. Zabel1 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of
Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, CO 80523, USA 2National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services,
United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
3Fort Collins Water and Treatment Operations, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80521, USA
4 Department of Veterinary Sciences, Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory,
University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82070, USA 5Department of Microbiology,
Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Neurology, Sanders Brown Center on Aging,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA * Corresponding author-
tracy.a.nichols@aphis.usda.gov
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is the only known transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy affecting free-ranging wildlife. Experimental and epidemiological
data indicate that CWD can be transmitted horizontally and via blood and saliva,
although the exact mode of natural transmission remains unknown. Substantial
evidence suggests that prions can persist in the environment, implicating it as
a potential prion reservoir and transmission vehicle. CWD- positive animals can
contribute to environmental prion load via biological materials including
saliva, blood, urine and feces, shedding several times their body weight in
possibly infectious excreta in their lifetime, as well as through decomposing
carcasses. Sensitivity limitations of conventional assays hamper evaluation of
environmental prion loads in water. Here we show the ability of serial protein
misfolding cyclic amplification (sPMCA) to amplify minute amounts of CWD prions
in spiked water samples at a 1:1 x106 , and protease-resistant prions in
environmental and municipal-processing water samples from a CWD endemic area.
Detection of CWD prions correlated with increased total organic carbon in water
runoff from melting winter snowpack. These data suggest prolonged persistence
and accumulation of prions in the environment that may promote CWD transmission.
snip...
The data presented here demonstrate that sPMCA can detect low levels of
PrPCWD in the environment, corroborate previous biological and experimental data
suggesting long term persistence of prions in the environment2,3 and imply that
PrPCWD accumulation over time may contribute to transmission of CWD in areas
where it has been endemic for decades. This work demonstrates the utility of
sPMCA to evaluate other environmental water sources for PrPCWD, including
smaller bodies of water such as vernal pools and wallows, where large numbers of
cervids congregate and into which prions from infected animals may be shed and
concentrated to infectious levels.
snip...end...full text at ;
======================================
>>> o Requires reporting of all CWD suspicious animals and testing
of all death losses in animals 12 months of age or older (changed from 16
months).
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD, has been documented in many cervids (when
tested), much younger than the 12 month rule now proposed. AS I so much
appreciate the TAHC decreasing the age from 16 months to 12 months, I believe
this rule to still leave a risk factor, due to the fact fawns as young as 4 or 5
months old have been documented with CWD.
*** I propose that ALL farmed cervids should be tested for CWD. going into
a farm, leaving a farm, and or at death. ...TSS
Wisconsin : Six White-Tailed Deer Fawns Test Positive for CWD
Date: May 13, 2003 Source: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Contacts: Julie Langenberg Wildlife Veterinarian 608-266-3143 Tom Hauge
Director, Bureau of Wildlife Management 608-266-2193
MADISON -- Six fawns in the area of south central Wisconsin where chronic
wasting disease has been found in white-tailed deer have tested positive for the
disease, according to Department of Natural Resources wildlife health officials.
These are the youngest wild white-tailed deer detected with chronic wasting
disease (CWD) to date.
Approximately 4,200 fawns, defined as deer under 1 year of age, were
sampled from the eradication zone over the last year. The majority of fawns
sampled were between the ages of 5 to 9 months, though some were as young as 1
month. Two of the six fawns with CWD detected were 5 to 6 months old. All six of
the positive fawns were taken from the core area of the CWD eradication zone
where the highest numbers of positive deer have been identified.
"This is the first intensive sampling for CWD in fawns anywhere," said Dr.
Julie Langenberg, Department of Natural Resources wildlife veterinarian, "and we
are trying to learn as much as we can from these data".
"One noteworthy finding is simply the fact that we found positive fawns,"
Dr. Langenberg said. "These results do show us that CWD transmission can happen
at a very young age in wild white-tailed deer populations. However, we found
that the percentage of fawns infected with CWD is very low, in the area of 0.14
percent. If there was a higher rate of infection in fawns, then fawns dispersing
in the spring could be much more worrisome for disease spread."
Dr. Langenberg noted that while the youngest CWD-positive fawns had
evidence of disease-causing prions only in lymph node tissue, several of the
older CWD-positive fawns had evidence of CWD prions in both lymph node and brain
tissues -- suggesting further progression of the disease.
"Finding CWD prions in both lymph and brain tissues of deer this young is
slightly surprising," said Langenberg, "and provides information that CWD
infection and illness may progress more rapidly in a white-tailed deer than
previously suspected. Published literature suggests that CWD doesn't cause
illness in a deer until approximately 16 months of age. Our fawn data shows that
a few wild white-tailed deer may become sick from CWD or may transmit the
disease before they reach that age of 16 months."
One of the positive fawns was shot with a doe that was also CWD positive.
Information about these fawn cases combined with will help researchers who are
studying the age and routes of CWD transmission in wild deer populations. "More
data analysis and ongoing deer movement studies should give us an even better
understanding of how this disease moves across the landscape", said Langenberg.
"Thanks to eradication zone hunters who submitted deer of all ages for
sampling, we have a valuable set of fawn data that is contributing to our
state's and the nation's understanding about CWD," Langenberg said.
> > > Two of the six fawns with CWD detected were 5 to 6 months
old. < < <
Why doesn't the Wisconsin DNR want to routinely test fawns ?
The DNR highly discourages the testing of any fawns regardless of where
they were harvested. Of the more than 15,000 fawns from the CWD-MZ that have
been tested, only 23 were test positive, and most of those were nearly one year
old. It is exceedingly unlikely that a deer less than one year old would test
positive for CWD, even in the higher CWD prevalence areas of southern Wisconsin.
Few fawns will have been exposed to CWD, and because this disease spreads
through the deer's body very slowly, it is very rare in a fawn that the disease
has progressed to a level that is detectable. This means that testing a fawn
provides almost no information valuable to understanding CWD in Wisconsin's deer
herd and does not provide information of great value to the hunter in making a
decision about venison consumption.
> > > It is exceedingly unlikely that a deer less than one year
old would test positive for CWD < < < ???
Chronic Wasting Disease in a Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer Farm
and 15 of 22 fawns aged 6 to 9 months (68.2%) were positive.
specific susceptibility?
194. It is probable, based on age-class specific prevalence data from wild
cervids and epidemiological evidence from captive cervids in affected research
centres, that both adults and fawns may become infected with CWD (Miller, Wild
& Williams, 1998; Miller et al., 2000).
198. In Odocoileus virginianus – white tailed deer, out of 179 white-tailed
deer which had become enclosed by an elk farm fence, in Sioux County,
northwestern Nebraska, four fawns only eight months old were among the 50% of
CWD-positive animals; these fawns were not showing any clinical signs of CWD
(Davidson, 2002).
see full text ;
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 MONTH age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
=================================
>>> • Delegates authority to the Executive Director to issue an
order to declare a CWD high risk area or county based on sound epidemiological
principles for disease detection, control and eradication.
IN my opinion, there has been no ‘sound epidemiological principles for
disease detection, control and eradication’ in Texas for CWD, or any other TSE.
It’s been just the opposite. NOT even speaking about all the risk factors from
the cervid game ranch farms in Texas over the years, and trading, and the lax
rules and enforcement of said rules there from, the fact that CWD infected deer
have been waltzing across Texas for the past decade, in the exact spot I tried
warning TAHC back in 2001-2002, i.e. the Texas, New Mexico border at the WSMR
area, the complete state of Texas is at risk for CWD, and has been at risk for
CWD for years.
*** I propose that Texas, and the Executive Director, should take that
authority, and declare the complete state of Texas (not just a high risk area,
where the State of New Mexico finally forced Texas to finally test, and finally
embarrassed Texas enough to finally do CWD testing where it should have been
done 10 years ago), but I believe the complete state of Texas should be declared
a high risk area for CWD, until proper testing (in sufficient numbers, in all
geographical regions), and tested 100% of all farmed cervids. ...TSS
see full text ;
Friday, October 12, 2012
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) is Now Accepting Comments on Rule
Proposals for “Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)”
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC)
Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program and Interstate Movement
of Farmed or Captive Deer, Elk, and Moose
A Rule by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on 07/20/2012
This article has a comment period that ends in 20 days (08/13/2012)
Action
Interim Final Rule; Reopening Of Comment Period.
Summary
We are reopening the comment period for our interim final rule that will
establish a herd certification program to control chronic wasting disease (CWD)
in farmed or captive cervids in the United States. The interim final rule
requested comment on our decision that our regulations will set minimum
requirements for the interstate movement of farmed or captive cervids but not
preempt State or local laws or regulations that are more restrictive than our
regulations, except any such laws or regulations that prohibit or further
restrict the transit through a State of deer, elk, and moose that are otherwise
eligible for interstate movement. This action will allow interested persons
additional time to prepare and submit comments on our preemption policy with
respect to CWD. This document also indicates that we will consider comments on
issues other than our preemption policy for future rulemaking.Show citation box
Table of Contents DATES: ADDRESSES: FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
DATES: Back to Top
We will consider all comments that we receive on or before August 13,
2012.Show citation box
ADDRESSES: Back to Top
You may submit comments by either of the following methods:Show citation
box Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=APHIS-2006-0118-0199.Show
citation box Postal Mail/Commercial Delivery: Send your comment to Docket No.
00-108-8, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700
River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737-1238.Show citation box Supporting
documents and any comments we receive on this docket may be viewed at http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=APHIS-2006-0118
or in our reading room, which is located in room 1141 of the USDA South
Building, 14th Street and Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC. Normal
reading room hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, except
holidays. To be sure someone is there to help you, please call (202) 799-7039
before coming.Show citation box
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Back to Top
Dr. Patrice Klein, Senior Staff Veterinarian, National Center for Animal
Health Programs, Veterinary Services, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 43, Riverdale,
MD 20737-1231; (301) 851-3435.Show citation box
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Back to Top
On June 13, 2012, we published in the Federal Register (77 FR 35542-35571,
Docket No. 00-108-8) an interim final rule that will establish a herd
certification program to control chronic wasting disease (CWD) in farmed or
captive cervids in the United States. The interim final rule will be effective
on August 13, 2012.Show citation box In the interim final rule, we requested
comments specifically on our decision not to preempt State and local laws and
regulations that are more restrictive than our regulations with respect to CWD,
except any such laws or regulations that prohibit or further restrict the
transit through a State of deer, elk, and moose that are otherwise eligible for
interstate movement. That decision was discussed in section III of the
Background section of the interim final rule, under the heading “APHIS' Decision
Not to Preempt More Restrictive State Requirements on Farmed or Captive Cervids
With Respect to CWD,” beginning on 77 FR 35545.Show citation box Comments on our
decisions regarding preemption of State and local laws and regulations were
required to be received on or before July 13, 2012. We are reopening the comment
period on Docket No. 00-108-8 until August 13, 2012. This action will allow
interested persons additional time to prepare and submit comments. We will also
consider all comments received between July 14, 2012, and the date of this
notice.Show citation box The interim final rule indicated that we will publish
another document in the Federal Register after the comment period closes that
will include a discussion of any comments we receive on our preemption policy
and any amendments we are making to the rule. We still plan to do this. However,
we have received comments on aspects of the interim final rule other than our
preemption policy. While we will not address these comments in our document
discussing our preemption policy, we will consider these comments to determine
whether future rulemaking may be necessary, and we encourage commenters to
address any aspect of the interim final rule that they wish to.Show citation box
Authority: Back to Top
7 U.S.C. 8301-8317; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.4.Show citation box
Done in Washington, DC, this 16th day of July 2012. Kevin Shea, Acting
Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. [FR Doc. 2012-17726
Filed 7-19-12; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3410-34-P
Comment from Terry Singeltary
Document ID: APHIS-2011-0032-0002 Document Type: Public Submission This is
comment on Notice: Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals,
Submissions, and Approvals: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program
Docket ID: APHIS-2011-0032 RIN:
Topics: No Topics associated with this document View Document: More
Document Subtype: Public Comment Status: Posted Received Date: January 24
2012, at 12:00 AM Eastern Standard Time Date Posted: January 25 2012, at 12:00
AM Eastern Standard Time Comment Start Date: January 24 2012, at 12:00 AM
Eastern Standard Time Comment Due Date: March 26 2012, at 11:59 PM Eastern
Daylight Time Tracking Number: 80fa2c68 First Name: Terry Middle Name: S. Last
Name: Singeltary City: Bacliff Country: United States State or Province: TX
Organization Name: LAYPERSON Submitter's Representative: CJD TSE PRION VICTIMS
Comment:
Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposals, Submissions, and
Approvals: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program (Document ID
APHIS-2011-0032-0001)
I believe that any voluntary program for CWD free herd certification from
game farms will be futile, as was the partial and voluntary mad cow feed ban of
August 4, 1997. That failed terribly, with some 10,000,000 of banned blood laced
MBM being fed out in 2007, a decade post August 4, 1997 partial and voluntary
ban. Game farms are a petri dish for CWD TSE Prion disease, with Wisconsin
having documented 9 CWD infected game farms, with one having the highest CWD
infection rate in the world, 80% CWD infection rate. I believe that all game
farms should be SHUT DOWN PERMANENTLY. CWD TSE prion disease survives ashing to
600 degrees celsius, that’s around 1112 degrees farenheit. you cannot cook the
CWD TSE prion disease out of meat. you can take the ash and mix it with saline
and inject that ash into a mouse, and the mouse will go down with TSE. Prion
Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel Production as
well. the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated Wastewater Treatment
Processes. IN fact, you should also know that the CWD TSE Prion agent will
survive in the environment for years, if not decades. you can bury it and it
will not go away. CWD TSE agent is capable of infected your water table i.e.
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic
area. it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and be done with.
that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission, a simple
autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
Saturday, June 09, 2012
USDA Establishes a Herd Certification Program for Chronic Wasting Disease
in the United States
DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer
and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 –0500
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
SNIP...
Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease
PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus )
Christina J. Sigurdson1, Elizabeth S. Williams2, Michael W. Miller3, Terry
R. Spraker1,4, Katherine I. O'Rourke5 and Edward A. Hoover1
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523- 1671, USA1
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road,
University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA 2 Colorado Division of Wildlife,
Wildlife Research Center, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526-2097,
USA3 Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 300 West Drake
Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1671, USA4 Animal Disease Research Unit,
Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 337 Bustad Hall,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA5
Author for correspondence: Edward Hoover.Fax +1 970 491 0523. e-mail ehoover@lamar.colostate.edu
Mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain
homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting
disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns
were necropsied and examined for PrP res, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at
10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an
immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrPres was detected
in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following:
retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer's patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as
early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter (53 to 80 days p.i.).
No PrPres staining was detected in lymphoid tissue of three control fawns
receiving a control brain inoculum, nor was PrPres detectable in neural tissue
of any fawn. PrPres-specific staining was markedly enhanced by sequential tissue
treatment with formic acid, proteinase K and hydrated autoclaving prior to
immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5. These results
indicate that CWD PrP res can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the
alimentary tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and
may reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer. The rapid infection of
deer fawns following exposure by the most plausible natural route is consistent
with the efficient horizontal transmission of CWD in nature and enables
accelerated studies of transmission and pathogenesis in the native
species.
snip...
These results indicate that mule deer fawns develop detectable PrP res
after oral exposure to an inoculum containing CWD prions. In the earliest
post-exposure period, CWD PrPres was traced to the lymphoid tissues draining the
oral and intestinal mucosa (i.e. the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, tonsil, ileal
Peyer's patches and ileocaecal lymph nodes), which probably received the highest
initial exposure to the inoculum. Hadlow et al. (1982) demonstrated scrapie
agent in the tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, ileum and
spleen in a 10-month-old naturally infected lamb by mouse bioassay. Eight of
nine sheep had infectivity in the retropharyngeal lymph node. He concluded that
the tissue distribution suggested primary infection via the gastrointestinal
tract. The tissue distribution of PrPres in the early stages of infection in the
fawns is strikingly similar to that seen in naturally infected sheep with
scrapie. These findings support oral exposure as a natural route of CWD
infection in deer and support oral inoculation as a reasonable exposure route
for experimental studies of CWD.
snip...
===================================
now, just what is in that deer feed? _ANIMAL PROTEIN_
Subject: MAD DEER/ELK DISEASE AND POTENTIAL SOURCES Date: Sat, 25 May 2002
18:41:46 -0700 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." Reply-To: BSE-L To: BSE-L
8420-20.5% Antler Developer For Deer and Game in the wild Guaranteed
Analysis Ingredients / Products Feeding Directions
snip...
_animal protein_
BODE'S GAME FEED SUPPLEMENT #400 A RATION FOR DEER NET WEIGHT 50 POUNDS
22.6 KG.
snip...
_animal protein_
Ingredients
Grain Products, Plant Protein Products, Processed Grain By-Products, Forage
Products, Roughage Products 15%, Molasses Products, __Animal Protein Products__,
Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Pyosphate, Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin A
Acetate with D-activated Animal Sterol (source of Vitamin D3), Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement, Niacin Supplement,
Calcium Panothenate, Choline Chloride, Folic Acid, Menadione Soduim Bisulfite
Complex, Pyridoxine Hydorchloride, Thiamine Mononitrate, d-Biotin, Manganous
Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Cobalt Carbonate, Dried
Sacchoromyces Berevisiae Fermentation Solubles, Cellulose gum, Artificial
Flavors added.
===================================
MORE ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTS FOR DEER
Bode's #1 Game Pellets A RATION FOR DEER F3153
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Crude Protein (Min) 16% Crude Fat (Min) 2.0% Crude
Fiber (Max) 19% Calcium (Ca) (Min) 1.25% Calcium (Ca) (Max) 1.75% Phosphorus (P)
(Min) 1.0% Salt (Min) .30% Salt (Max) .70%
Ingredients
Grain Products, Plant Protein Products, Processed Grain By-Products, Forage
Products, Roughage Products, 15% Molasses Products, __Animal Protein Products__,
Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin A
Acetate with D-activated Animal Sterol (source of Vitamin D3) Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Roboflavin Supplement, Niacin Supplement,
Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Folic Acid, Menadione Sodium Bisulfite
Complex, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamine Mononitrate, e - Biotin, Manganous
Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Cobalt Carbonate, Dried
Saccharyomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Solubles, Cellulose gum, Artificial
Flavors added.
FEEDING DIRECTIONS Feed as Creep Feed with Normal Diet
INGREDIENTS
Grain Products, Roughage Products (not more than 35%), Processed Grain
By-Products, Plant Protein Products, Forage Products, __Animal Protein
Products__, L-Lysine, Calcium Carbonate, Salt, Monocalcium/Dicalcium Phosphate,
Yeast Culture, Magnesium Oxide, Cobalt Carbonate, Basic Copper Chloride,
Manganese Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Sodium Selenite, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Oxide,
Sodium Selenite, Potassium Iodide, Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide, Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Mineral Oil, Mold
Inhibitor, Calcium Lignin Sulfonate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Menadione Sodium
Bisulfite Complex, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Folic Acid,
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Mineral Oil, Chromium Tripicolinate
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Deer Builder Pellets is designed to be fed to deer under range conditions
or deer that require higher levels of protein. Feed to deer during gestation,
fawning, lactation, antler growth and pre-rut, all phases which require a higher
level of nutrition. Provide adequate amounts of good quality roughage and fresh
water at all times.
===================================================
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
April 9, 2001 WARNING LETTER
01-PHI-12 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Brian J. Raymond, Owner Sandy Lake Mills 26 Mill Street P.O. Box 117 Sandy
Lake, PA 16145 PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT
Tel: 215-597-4390
Dear Mr. Raymond:
Food and Drug Administration Investigator Gregory E. Beichner conducted an
inspection of your animal feed manufacturing operation, located in Sandy Lake,
Pennsylvania, on March 23, 2001, and determined that your firm manufactures
animal feeds including feeds containing prohibited materials. The inspection
found significant deviations from the requirements set forth in Title 21, code
of Federal Regulations, part 589.2000 - Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant
Feed. The regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification
of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Such deviations cause products being
manufactured at this facility to be misbranded within the meaning of Section
403(f), of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).
Our investigation found failure to label your swine feed with the required
cautionary statement "Do Not Feed to cattle or other Ruminants" The FDA suggests
that the statement be distinguished by different type-size or color or other
means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a
purchaser.
In addition, we note that you are using approximately 140 pounds of cracked
corn to flush your mixer used in the manufacture of animal feeds containing
prohibited material. This flushed material is fed to wild game including deer, a
ruminant animal. Feed material which may potentially contain prohibited material
should not be fed to ruminant animals which may become part of the food
chain.
The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations from
the regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use,
you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products
you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law. We have enclosed
a copy of FDA's Small Entity Compliance Guide to assist you with complying with
the regulation... blah, blah, blah...
SNIP...
PLEASE SEE FULL TEXT SUBMISSION ;
Thursday, June 6, 2013
BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI
ratings as at June 5, 2013
Greetings,
since our fine federal friends have decided not to give out any more
reports on the USA breaches of the feed ban and surveillance etc. for the BSE
TSE prion mad cow type disease in the USDA livestock, I thought I might attempt
it. I swear, I just don’t understand the logic of the SSS policy, and that
includes all of it. I assure you, it would be much easier, and probably better
for the FDA and the USDA INC., if they would simply put some kind of report out
for Pete’s sake, instead of me doing it after I get mad, because I am going to
put it all out there. the truth.
PLEASE BE ADVISED, any breach of any of the above classifications OAI, VAI,
RTS, CAN lead to breaches into the feed BSE TSE prion protocols, and CAN lead to
the eventual suspect tainted feed reaching livestock. please, if any USDA
official out there disputes this, please explain then how they could not.
paperwork errors can eventually lead to breaches of the BSE TSE prion mad cow
feed ban reaching livestock, or contamination and exposure there from, as well.
I would sure like to see the full reports of just these ;
4018 CHI-DO 3007091297 Rancho Cantera 2866 N Sunnyside Rd Kent IL
61044-9605 OPR FR, OF HP 11/26/2012 OAI Y
9367 3008575486 Rocky Ford Pet Foods 21693 Highway 50 East Rocky Ford CO
81067 OPR RE, TH HP 2/27/2013 OAI N
9446 DEN-DO 1713202 Weld County Bi Products, Inc. 1138 N 11th Ave Greeley
CO 80631-9501 OPR RE, TH HP 10/12/2012 OAI N
9447 DEN-DO 3002857110 Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods
13553 County Road 19 Fort Morgan CO 80701-7506 OPR RE HP 12/7/2011 OAI N
see full list of the fda mad cow bse feed follies, toward the bottom, after
a short brief update on the mad cow bse follies, and our good friend Lester
Crawford that was at the FDA.
ALSO, I would kindly like to comment on this FDA BSE/Ruminant Feed
Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)4 format, for reporting these breaches
of BSE TSE prion protocols, from the extensive mad cow feed ban warning letters
the fda use to put out for each violations. simply put, this excel format sucks,
and the FDA et al intentionally made it this difficult to follow the usda fda
mad cow follies. this is an intentional format to make it as difficult as
possible to follow these breaches of the mad cow TSE prion safety feed
protocols. to have absolutely no chronological or numerical order, and to format
such violations in a way that they are almost impossible to find, says a lot
about just how far the FDA and our fine federal friends will go through to hide
these continued violations of the BSE TSE prion mad cow feed ban, and any
breaches of protocols there from. once again, the wolf guarding the henhouse $$$
NAI = NO ACTION INDICATED
OAI = OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED
VAI = VOLUNTARY ACTION INDICATED
RTS = REFERRED TO STATE
Inspections conducted by State and FDA investigators are classified to
reflect the compliance status at the time of the inspection, based upon whether
objectionable conditions were documented. Based on the conditions found,
inspection results are recorded in one of three classifications:
OAI (Official Action Indicated) when inspectors find significant
objectionable conditions or practices and believe that regulatory sanctions are
warranted to address the establishment’s lack of compliance with the regulation.
An example of an OAI classification would be findings of manufacturing
procedures insufficient to ensure that ruminant feed is not contaminated with
prohibited material. Inspectors will promptly re-inspect facilities classified
OAI after regulatory sanctions have been applied to determine whether the
corrective actions are adequate to address the objectionable conditions.
VAI (Voluntary Action Indicated) when inspectors find objectionable
conditions or practices that do not meet the threshold of regulatory
significance, but warrant an advisory to inform the establishment that
inspectors found conditions or practices that should be voluntarily corrected.
VAI violations are typically technical violations of the 1997 BSE Feed Rule.
These violations include minor recordkeeping lapses or conditions involving
non-ruminant feeds.
NAI (No Action Indicated) when inspectors find no objectionable conditions
or practices or, if they find objectionable conditions, those conditions are of
a minor nature and do not justify further actions.
when sound science was bought off by junk science, in regards to the BSE
TSE prion mad cow type disease, by the USDA, CFIA, WHO, OIE, et al. $$$
when the infamous, and fraudulently USDA, FSIS, APHIS, FDA, gold card was
taken away that infamous day in December of 2003, all cards were off the table,
it was time to change the science, and change they did. ...tss
snip. ...please see full text ;
Thursday, June 6, 2013
BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI
ratings as at June 5, 2013
Tuesday, June 11, 2013
Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods 6/1/12 significant
deviations from requirements in FDA regulations that are intended to reduce the
risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) within the United States
TSS
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