ILLINOIS -- Deer disease CWD meetings set Oct. 18 at the Nash Recreation Center in Oregon, Illinois, and Oct. 19 at the Big Rock Park District Community Building in Big Rock
ILLINOIS -- Deer disease meetings set
Posted: Tuesday, September 20, 2016 6:43 am
LENA, Ill. (AP) — Illinois wildlife management officials have scheduled
meetings to provide information on chronic wasting disease in the white-tailed
deer population as hunting season nears. Illinois Department of Natural
Resources meetings on CWD will be Oct. 18 at the Nash Recreation Center in
Oregon, Illinois, and Oct. 19 at the Big Rock Park District Community Building
in Big Rock.
Previously announced meetings will be in Elizabeth on Wednesday, Freeport
on Sept. 27 and Yorkville on Sept. 28. All start at 7 p.m.
Illinois Chronic Wasting Disease Management: Part 4
Chronic Wasting Disease
Since the first case of CWD was discovered in Illinois, the Department of
Natural Resources started a "targeted surveillance program" for CWD in wild deer
which was first proposed by the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study,
a diagnostic and research service which investigates wildlife diseases.
This site provides consolidated CWD information: CWD statistics shows Total
Cases per Year and Total Cases per Year per County, FAQ's, a query sy...stem,
test results, other CWD resources and annual reports.
A series of videos: Part 1-Introduction, Part 2-Testing CWD Samples, Part
3-Sharpshooting, Part 4-Common Questions, Research and Safe Handling of Deer.
Published on Apr 29, 2016
IDNR Biologists rely on the best science available when making wildlife
management decisions. And our partners at the University of Illinois, including
the Illinois Natural History Survey and Animal Science Department are
instrumental in providing the research that is the underpinning of our
management efforts. For answers to some common questions about CWD, let’s hear
from the scientists studying the disease. This is the last in a four-part series
on efforts to manage chronic wasting disease in Illinois.
Illinois Chronic Wasting Disease: 2015-2016 Surveillance and Management
Report (Project Period: July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2016)
Paul Shelton and Patrick McDonald Forest Wildlife Program, Illinois
Department of Natural Resources July 25, 2016
Executive Summary
First CWD positive: A suspect adult female deer from northwest Boone County
was diagnosed with CWD in November 2002.
Total samples through June 30, 2016: 97,992+
Total positives through June 30, 2016: 610
Number of counties affected through June 30, 2016:
16 (Boone, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, JoDaviess, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall,
Lake, LaSalle, Livingston, McHenry, Ogle, Stephenson, Will, Winnebago).
Distribution through June 30, 2016: Total affected area (determined by a
minimum convex polygon that includes all positives) remains about 8,000 mi2.
Disease is established in SE JoDaviess and SW Stephenson counties, and SE of the
main CWD core area along the Illinois and Fox River watersheds (Figure 1).
Recent ‘spark’ areas occur in the Vermilion, Mazon, and Kankakee River
watersheds in Livingston, Grundy, Will & Kankakee counties.
Figure 1. Distribuon of all known CWD‐infected deer idenfied in
Illinois through June 30, 2016.
CWD Surveillance Protocols During FY2016 (July 1, 2015‐June 30, 2016)
Tesng: All CWD tesng was conducted using immunohistochemistry (IHC) at
Illinois Department of Agriculture’s (IDOA) Animal Disease Laboratory in
Galesburg, Illinois. Samples were inially screened using retropharyngeal lymph
nodes (RPLN), followed by confirmatory tesng of recut RPLN ssue and
obex.
Sampling of hunter‐harvested deer: Three sources were used to provide
ssue samples from adult deer harvested by hunters: (1) mandatory firearm deer
check staons in high‐risk counes in northern Illinois; (2) designated
voluntary drop‐off tesng locaons in northern Illinois; and (3) cooperang
meat lockers/taxidermists statewide who collected heads/sample ssues for
IDNR.
Surveillance by other agencies/individuals authorized by special permits:
Recipients of special permits from IDNR authorizing lethal deer removals were
required to collect CWD samples when working in high‐risk CWD areas or in areas
needing addional surveillance. These permits included (1) Deer Populaon
Control Permits (used by some agencies to control urban deer populaons); (2)
nuisance Deer Removal Permits (for crop depredaon, etc.); and (3) Scienfic
Permits (various research projects).
Suspect (“target”) deer surveillance: Upon receiving reports from the
public about sick deer, IDNR staff collected samples for CWD tesng from deer
that exhibited signs/symptoms consistent with chronic wasng disease.
Surveillance from post‐hunng season sharpshoong: Sharpshoong was
conducted from mid‐January through the end of March by trained IDNR staff.
Sharpshoong was restricted to areas where CWD‐infected deer had been
idenfied (limited to lands within a 2‐secon buffer around known posive
secons).
CWD Surveillance Results FY2016
Total number of CWD samples collected statewide: 8,544 (all whitetailed
deer). Figure 2 depicts the geographic distribuon of sampling effort; Figure 3
compares annual sample numbers; Figure 4 presents a comparison of the number of
deer sampled and the number of posives idenfied by source; and Appendix A
summarizes the samples collected/posives idenfied by county.
Number of usable samples collected: 8,489
Number of CWD‐posive deer idenfied: 72. Table 1 presents a comparison
of the number of posive deer found each year by county.
Number of counes with posive deer: 13 — Boone (11), DeKalb (3), Grundy
(3), JoDaviess (9), Kane (8), Kankakee (1), Kendall (6), LaSalle (5), McHenry
(8), Ogle (6), Stephenson (10), Will (1), Winnebago (1). For distribuon of
posive secons, see Figure 5.
Number of new CWD counes: None.
CWD prevalence informaon for the known CWD area (16 counes; adult deer
from hunng sources only) —
Average CWD prevalence (all adult deer): 1.09% (39/3591)
Average CWD prevalence (adult males): 1.28% (24/1881)
Average CWD prevalence (adult females): 0.88% (15/1710)
Figure 2. CWD sample distribuon across Illinois during FY2016 (all
sources).
Figure 3. Number of CWD surveillance samples collected statewide each year
during FY2003 through FY2016.
Figure 4. Number of CWD samples tested and number of posives idenfied
by sampling source during FY2016.
Note: Number tested includes all samples submied, regardless of whether a
valid test result was obtained.
Table 1. Number of CWD‐posive deer idenfied in each county by
year.
Figure 5. Distribuon of CWD‐posive deer idenfied during FY2016.
CWD Management During FY2016
snip...
Appendix D. Historical distribuon of CWD in southern Wisconsin and
northern Illinois as of June 30, 2016. Squares represent secons in which CWD
has been detected.
image
snip...see full text 16 pages here ;
Appendix D. Historical distribuon of CWD in southern Wisconsin and
northern Illinois as of June 30, 2016. Squares represent secons in which CWD
has been detected. see page 16.
Cumulative CWD Positive Locations of Wild Deer in Wisconsin and
Illinois.
Prion protein gene sequence and chronic wasting disease susceptibility in
white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Adam L Brandt, Amy C Kelly, Michelle L Green, Paul Shelton, Jan Novakofski
& Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla To cite this article: Adam L Brandt, Amy C Kelly,
Michelle L Green, Paul Shelton, Jan Novakofski & Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla
(2015) Prion protein gene sequence and chronic wasting disease susceptibility in
white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Prion, 9:6, 449-462, DOI:
10.1080/19336896.2015.1115179 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2015.1115179
Prion, 9:449–462, 2015 Published with license by Taylor & Francis
Group, LLC ISSN: 1933-6896 print / 1933-690X online DOI:
10.1080/19336896.2015.1115179
RESEARCH PAPER Prion protein gene sequence and chronic wasting disease
susceptibility in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Adam L Brandt1, Amy
C Kelly1, Michelle L Green1,2, Paul Shelton3, Jan Novakofski2,*, and Nohra E
Mateus-Pinilla1,2 1Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA; 2Department of Animal Sciences; University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA; 3Illinois Department of Natural
Resources; Division of Wildlife Resources; Springfield, IL USA
ABSTRACT.
The sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP) affects susceptibility to
spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases in many species. In white-tailed
deer, both coding and noncoding single nucleotide polymorphisms have been
identified in this gene that correlate to chronic wasting disease (CWD)
susceptibility. Previous studies examined individual nucleotide or amino acid
mutations; here we examine all nucleotide polymorphisms and their combined
effects on CWD. A 626 bp region of PRNP was examined from 703 free-ranging
white-tailed deer. Deer were sampled between 2002 and 2010 by hunter harvest or
government culling in Illinois and Wisconsin. Fourteen variable nucleotide
positions were identified (4 new and 10 previously reported). We identified 68
diplotypes comprised of 24 predicted haplotypes, with the most common diplotype
occurring in 123 individuals. Diplotypes that were found exclusively among
positive or negative animals were rare, each occurring in less than 1% of the
deer studied. Only one haplotype (C, odds ratio 0.240) and 2 diplotypes (AC and
BC, odds ratios of 0.161 and 0.108 respectively) has significant associations
with CWD resistance. Each contains mutations (one synonymous nucleotide 555C/T
and one nonsynonymous nucleotide 286G/A) at positions reported to be
significantly associated with reduced CWD susceptibility. Results suggest that
deer populations with higher frequencies of haplotype C or diplotypes AC and BC
might have a reduced risk for CWD infection – while populations with lower
frequencies may have higher risk for infection. Understanding the genetic basis
of CWD has improved our ability to assess herd susceptibility and direct
management efforts within CWD infected areas.
Adam L Brandt, Amy C Kelly, Michelle L Green, Paul Shelton, Jan Novakofski,
and Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla *Correspondence to: Jan Novakofski; Email:
jnova@illinois.edu Received September 21, 2015; Revised October 23, 2015;
Accepted October 23, 2015. Color versions of one or more of the figures in the
article can be found online atwww.tandfonline.com/kprn. This is an Open Access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution-Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/),
which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of
the named author(s) have been asserted.
DISCUSSION
In this study, we find reduced susceptibility to CWD infection among
white-tailed deer with haplotype C (Table 2). We still observed individual deer
positive for CWD with this haplotype, demonstrating a reduced susceptibility
rather than a complete genetic resistance as is seen with other TSEs (e.g.,
scrapie36,37). This haplotype had 2 different polymorphisms, 1 synonymous and 1
non-synonymous, both reported to be associated with decreased infection; nt286A
(aa96S) and nt555T.10,26,29,30 Other haplotypes have similar mutations at nt286
and nt555 (e.g., haplotypes I, Q, and S); though, within the CWD infection area
these haplotypes are not found at all (haplotype Q), occur infrequently (f <
0.01, haplotypes I and S), or are found exclusively among positive deer
(haplotype I). A number of other haplotypes have the same mutations at either
nt286 or nt555; again most are absent (haplotypes H, V, W and X), infrequent (f
< 0.01, haplotypes N and P), or are found abundantly among positive deer
(haplotype B) in the CWD infection area (Table 2). Rarity of these haplotypes
prevents any meaningful association with changes in susceptibility (Table 2).
The effects of mutations at nt286 and nt555 alone or in concert are unclear as
other haplotypes with these polymorphisms occur infrequently and with varied
susceptibility. An even larger sampling may be necessary to resolve this
interaction.
Neither haplotypes with aa95H (nt285C) had a significantly reduced
susceptibility to CWD (Table 2). Some previous studies reported the occurrence
of this mutation among CWD negative deer only, which was interpreted as CWD
resistance.26,29 In this study and in the study by Kelly et al.10 the aa95H
mutation was found among deer positive for CWD; however, we find in a larger
sampling (ND240) the frequency of aa95H to be lower than that found by Kelly et
al.10 and not significantly associated with resistance. We cannot preclude the
importance of this mutation given that a significant difference in disease
susceptibility may be possible with an even larger sample size providing greater
statistical power (data not shown).
The presence of aa96S has been associated with slowed disease progression,
longer life span among captive deer,26,27 and does not appear to affect the rate
at which prions are shed from infected individuals.38 Additionally, CWD infected
mule deer have been found to excrete pathogenic prions while asymptomatic. 39
This contributes to concerns that wild deer with aa96S may be shedding
infectious prions into the environment for longer periods of time than deer
lacking the mutation, but are not symptomatic or detectable by
immunohistochemical procedures. On the other hand, studies using epidemiological
modeling suggest that deer with aa96S under certain conditions may have a
selective advantage for CWD resistance over those without.40 With our data, we
are unable to make accurate conclusions about detection, longevity, or increased
risks of exposure to infectious prions. Nonetheless, our results do corroborate
the importance of the polymorphism at G96S in reduced CWD susceptibility (Table
5).26,30
Kelly et al.10 found a negative correlation between the number of
nucleotide deviations from the PRNP consensus sequence and CWD infection. The
database derived consensus sequence reported is the same as the most common
haplotype (haplotype A) in this study (Table 1). Haplotype C has 2 deviations
from haplotype A; other haplotypes were found containing more deviations but
were exceedingly rare (Table 1). These haplotypes (namely haplotypes I, N, Q, S,
and X) were largely absent among CWD positive deer (only 2 positive deer were
found each with a single copy of haplotype I) and their combined frequency was
less than 1%. An increased number of polymorphisms may improve resistance to
CWD, but the large sample size of this study (ND703) suggests that haplotypes
with more than 2 nucleotide deviations are rare and would not be likely to have
an appreciable effect on resistance or susceptibility within the population.
Examination of PRNP diplotypes revealed that individuals with at least one
copy of haplotype C (specifically AC and BC) were less likely to test positive
for CWD (Table 4). Other diplotypes containing at least one copy of haplotype C
(mutations at aa96S and nt555T) had a low frequency of occurrence (<1 41="" a="" account="" additional="" address="" age="" all="" always="" analyses="" and="" animals.="" animals="" any="" are="" area.="" area="" as="" association="" at="" attempted="" available="" average="" avoid="" background.29="" basis="" be="" been="" between="" bias.="" but="" by="" c="" cases="" circumstances="" conditions="" confounding="" control="" controlled="" could="" counties="" county="" cwd.="" cwd="" decreasing="" deer43-45="" deer="" design="" determining="" diplotypes="" disease="" distances="" div="" due="" examined="" experimental="" exposed="" factor="" factors="" family="" for="" found="" free="" frequency="" frequent="" from="" genetic="" geographic="" greater="" groups="" haplotype="" harvest.="" have="" herd="" home="" hunter="" i.e.="" ideal="" identified="" illinois="" immunity="" in="" increase="" increasing="" indication="" individually="" infected="" infection="" inheritance="" is="" less="" likelihood="" likely="" locations="" low="" management="" match="" matched-case="" may="" minimize="" more="" multiple="" nature="" negative="" nonetheless="" not="" obtainable="" of="" on="" one="" or="" origin="" originating="" other="" outside="" over="" paired-case="" paired="" perfectly="" play="" population-level="" positive="" possible="" potential="" prnp="" randomly="" range="" ranging="" relatedness="" relationship="" resistance="" restricted="" results="" role="" samples="" sampling="" selected="" sequence="" sex="" significant="" similar="" spurious="" statistical="" status="" strong="" studies="" study="" studying="" suggesting="" susceptibility.="" susceptibility="" than="" that="" the="" therefore="" these="" they="" this="" though="" through="" throughout="" time="" to="" under="" use="" vital="" was="" were="" when="" whitetailed="" with="" without="">
The PRNP gene is variable within all species with some mutations affecting
susceptibility to TSEs.46-48 Scrapie infection in sheep is the classic example
of genetic resistance to a prion disease, where individuals with 2 copies of
amino acid sequence V136, R154, Q171 are susceptible to scrapie, and those with
2 copies of the sequence A136, R154, R171 are resistant. 36,37 Changes in the
protein coding sequence have been shown to affect the ability of pathogenic
prions to convert normal prion proteins31; accordingly, many studies have
heavily examined the amino acid variations associated with CWD. Synonymous or
silent mutations are often overlooked, but may have a greater effect on protein
expression and conformation than expected.49-53Other studies have found
significant associations between individual synonymous mutations and CWD
susceptibility. 10,28 The specific mechanisms involved between nucleotide
variation (specifically synonymous mutations) and CWD are not known, but the
rate at which PrPC conformations that are more favorable to PrPSC conversion are
produced may be slowed by the presence of certain synonymous mutations.51 Due to
the low frequency of haplotypes with similar mutations as haplotype C, we cannot
accurately conclude whether or not the specific combination of mutations or any
one mutation alone is responsible for reduced CWD susceptibility. Nevertheless,
haplotype and diplotype analyses provide more insight in gene-disease
association than those restricted to alleles and genotypes54 which are unable to
detect additive effects.
A solid understanding of the genetics of CWD in white-tailed deer is vital
to improve management of CWD on the landscape. Most TSEs are found in domestic
or captive animals where management of infected individuals is feasible. For
example, scrapie infected flocks can be handled through a process generally
involving genetic testing, removal and destruction of infected or suspect
animals, followed by decontamination of facilities and equipment.55 Containment
of free ranging deer in wild populations potentially infected with CWD and
decontamination of the environment is not reasonably possible. The long term
effects of CWD are not yet known but it is conceivable that an unmanaged
infected population would be gradually extirpated as the disease progresses
56,57 or at least reduced to low densities with high disease prevalence.58,59
Either outcome would have severe ecological effects (e.g., deer play a major
role in affecting plant communities60 and as a prey source61,62) as well as
negative economic impacts to hunting. Overall disease prevalence has remained at
relatively low levels in Illinois compared to Wisconsin. 11 It is important to
note that at the time of sampling, CWD had been found in 6 Illinois counties and
has since been detected in 14.9 Complete eradication of CWD among free ranging
white-tailed deer may not be possible; however, an active containment effort in
Illinois appears to have prevented significant increases in prevalence.9,11,12
Further examination of PRNP haplotype and diplotype frequencies across northern
Illinois and southern Wisconsin in conjunction with population structure and
movement45,63,64 will be useful in identifying localities with greater or
reduced susceptibility risk. Effectiveness of CWD containment efforts can be
aided through genetic testing and redirecting management resources.
snip...
Tuesday, February 02, 2016
Illinois six out of 19 deer samples tested positive for CWD in the Oswego
zone of Kendall County
Monday, August 31, 2015
Illinois Loosing Ground to Chronic Wasting Disease CWD cases mounting with
71 confirmed in 2015 and 538 confirmed cases to date
Saturday, February 08, 2014
Illinois CWD confirmed in Will County deer
snip...
Since CWD testing began in Illinois, 408 deer have been confirmed with the
disease in 11 years — the bulk of them in the Wisconsin border counties of
Winnebago (Rockford) with 145 and Boone (Belvidere) 127. DeKalb County, south of
Boone, has had 50. Adjacent to Will County, and not far west of Kankakee Sands,
Grundy County has had 10 confirmed cases in the past three years, three of them
last year. Kendall and DuPage counties, also adjacent to Will, each had one last
year. CDW has been confirmed in a dozen northern Illinois counties, with Will,
Grundy and LaSalle the farthest south.
snip...
Monday, April 08, 2013
Evaluation of a wild white-tailed deer population management program for
controlling chronic wasting disease in Illinois, 2003–2008
Wednesday, January 16, 2013 Illinois
DuPage county deer found with Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Tuesday, November 13, 2012
ILLINOIS CWD UPDATE NOVEMBER 2012
Friday, November 09, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other species
Thursday, February 10, 2011
CWD ILLINOIS UPDATE FEBRUARY 2011 Locations of CWD-Positive Deer - Updated
2/07/2011
Thursday, January 28, 2010
CWD ILLINOIS UPDATE 2010
Saturday, March 08, 2008
CWD UPDATE ILLINOIS Stephenson County joins CWD list
CWD Update 88
August 31, 2007
State and Provincial Updates
Illinois:
Paul Shelton, Illinois Department of Natural Resources provides the
following: During July, IDNR identified a CWD-positive deer in LaSalle County
after testing an animal showing classic signs of the illness. This was the first
instance of the disease in this county. The deer was a 3 year old doe collected
by a Conservation Police Officer after someone reported a sick, emaciated deer.
The location was south of I-80, about 2 miles west of Grundy County, near the
town of Seneca. This represents about a 25 mile distance from the previous
southernmost positive in DeKalb County. Staff from the Division of Wildlife
Resources are assessing the implications of the finding.
The total number of CWD-infected deer found in Illinois now numbers 189.
Prior to this, the disease had been confined to Winnebago, Boone, McHenry, Ogle,
and DeKalb counties. More than 28,000 deer have been tested in Illinois during
the past 5 years. Illinois DNR CWD information is available at: http://dnr.state.il.us/cwd. Editor’s note:
This finding in LaSalle County is a significant departure from the previously
known distribution in Illinois. The new location is the first deer detected in
the Illinois River basin, which winds southwest through Illinois towards St.
Louis.
New Mexico:
Press Release from New Mexico Game and Fish (August 28, 2007):
LAS CRUCES: New Mexico recorded its 19th case of chronic wasting disease in
deer in a sick animal found in the Bishop's Cap area of the Organ Mountains.
Officer Richard McDonald investigated a report of an emaciated deer July 12. The
animal was unaware of human presence, chronically thirsty, urinating often, and
staying in and near a water source. Officer McDonald followed the state's
protocol for disease surveillance by killing the animal and sending it to the
Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in Albuquerque for testing. Based on the
symptoms and the area from which the deer came, the laboratory was instructed
that chronic wasting disease (CWD) was highly probable. Laboratory diagnostic
testing confirmed presence of CWD in this deer. This is the 19th deer with
confirmed CWD found since it was first detected in New Mexico in 2002. Two elk
have also been found with CWD. This deer was in Game Management Unit 19, where
special CWD restrictions already exist for hunters. Anyone who finds a deer or
elk that appears unaware of human presence and displays symptoms including
droopy ears, emaciation, chronic thirst, frequent urination, and reluctance to
leave water, should report their observations to the Department of Game and
Fish, Wildlife Management Division, (505) 476-8127. New Mexico Game & Fish
CWD information is at: http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/conservation/disease/cwd/index.htm.
Press Release is at: http://www.wildlife.state.nm.us/publications/press_releases/documents/2007/082807releases.htm
snip...
[2] Illinois Date: 23 Dec 2006 From: Terry Singeltary
Source: Rockford Register Star [edited] <http://www.rrstar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061223/SPORTS1904/112230062/1155/SPORTS>
16 more CWD deer discovered
-----------------------------------
Tests for chronic wasting disease found 16 more confirmed cases in northern
Illinois this fall [2006], bringing the total to 163 since the state's 1st
infected deer was discovered in 2002 near Roscoe. The positive tests came from
deer killed by firearm and archery hunters and a few suspicious deer taken by
DNR staff. Winnebago and DeKalb counties each had 6, Boone County 4. All but one
case was from deer in previously infected areas. The exception was a deer killed
in southern DeKalb County, about 7 miles from the LaSalle County line. The state
has included southern DeKalb in next month's [January 2007] special CWD hunt
because of the new discovery. The latest positives came from about 2500 deer.
Tests have not been completed on all deer sampled during the firearm seasons.
Midwest states had increased firearm deer harvests this season. Illinois' total
was 115 192 deer, compared with 114 209 last year [2005]. Wisconsin's harvest
was 336 211, compared with 325 630 in 2005. Michigan's harvest was up about 7
percent at about 258 000. Minnesota doesn't yet have a total, but officials
expect it to surpass 250 000, which would place it among the state's 5 best
harvests.
[Byline: Doug Goodman ]
See Latest Map, December 2006:
Illinois Chronic Wasting Disease 2005-2006 Surveillance/Management
Summary:
--
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. flounder9@verizon.net
Wednesday, August 31, 2016
*** NORWAY CONFIRMS 4TH CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION IN
SECOND CARIBOU
Monday, September 05, 2016
*** Pathological features of chronic wasting disease in reindeer and demonstration of horizontal transmission Major Findings for Norway ***
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=328261
Wednesday, September 7, 2016
*** An assessment of the long-term persistence of prion infectivity in
aquatic environments
Friday, September 02, 2016
*** Chronic Wasting Disease Drives Population Decline of White-Tailed
Deer
Monday, August 29, 2016
*** NWHC USGS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION UPDATE
Thursday, August 18, 2016
*** PROCEEDINGS ONE HUNDRED AND Nineteenth ANNUAL MEETING of the USAHA BSE,
CWD, SCRAPIE, PORCINE TSE PRION October 22 28, 2015 ***
Sunday, August 28, 2016
CONFIDENTIAL
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion and how Politics and
Greed by the Industry spread madcow type diseases from species to species and
around the globe
TSE PRIONS AKA MAD COW TYPE DISEASE, LIONS AND TIGERS AND BEARS, OH MY!
Saturday, December 12, 2015
NOTICE: Environmental Impact Statement on Large Livestock Carcasses TSE
Prion REPORT December 14, 2015
Friday, August 14, 2015
Carcass Management During a Mass Animal Health Emergency Draft Programmatic
Environmental Impact Statement—August 2015
***at present, no cervid PrP allele conferring absolute resistance to prion
infection has been identified.
P-145 Estimating chronic wasting disease resistance in cervids using real
time quaking- induced conversion
Nicholas J Haley1, Rachel Rielinqer2, Kristen A Davenport3, W. David
Walter4, Katherine I O'Rourke5, Gordon Mitchell6, Juergen A Richt2
1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, United
States; 2Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State
University; 3Prion Research Center; Colorado State University; 4U.S. Geological
Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; 5Agricultural
Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture; 6Canadian Food
Inspection Agency, National and OlE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWO
In mammalian species, the susceptibility to prion diseases is affected, in
part, by the sequence of the host's prion protein (PrP). In sheep, a gradation
from scrapie susceptible to resistant has been established both in vivo and in
vitro based on the amino acids present at PrP positions 136, 154, and 171, which
has led to global breeding programs to reduce the prevalence of scrapie in
domestic sheep. In cervids, resistance is commonly characterized as a delayed
progression of chronic wasting disease (CWD); at present, no cervid PrP allele
conferring absolute resistance to prion infection has been identified. To model
the susceptibility of various naturally-occurring and hypothetical cervid PrP
alleles in vitro, we compared the amplification rates and efficiency of various
CWD isolates in recombinant PrPC using real time quaking-induced conversion. We
hypothesized that amplification metrics of these isolates in cervid PrP
substrates would correlate to in vivo susceptibility - allowing susceptibility
prediction for alleles found at 10 frequency in nature, and that there would be
an additive effect of multiple resistant codons in hypothetical alleles. Our
studies demonstrate that in vitro amplification metrics predict in vivo
susceptibility, and that alleles with multiple codons, each influencing
resistance independently, do not necessarily contribute additively to
resistance. Importantly, we found that the white-tailed deer 226K substrate
exhibited the slowest amplification rate among those evaluated, suggesting that
further investigation of this allele and its resistance in vivo are warranted to
determine if absolute resistance to CWD is possible.
***at present, no cervid PrP allele conferring absolute resistance to prion
infection has been identified.
PRION 2016 CONFERENCE TOKYO
Saturday, May 28, 2016
*** Infection and detection of PrPCWD in soil from CWD infected farm in
Korea Prion 2016 Tokyo ***
Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base
Scrapie Experiment 1964
How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas?
Confucius ponders...
Could the Scrapie experiments back around 1964 at Moore Air Force near
Mission, Texas, could this area have been ground zero for CWD TSE Prion (besides
the CWD cases that have waltzed across the Texas, New Mexico border near WSMR
Trans Pecos region since around 2001)?
Epidemiology of Scrapie in the United States 1977
snip...
Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas
A Scrapie Field Trial was developed at Mission, Texas, to provide
additional information for the eradication program on the epidemiology of
natural scrapie. The Mission Field Trial Station is located on 450 acres of
pastureland, part of the former Moore Air Force Base, near Mission, Texas. It
was designed to bring previously exposed, and later also unexposed, sheep or
goats to the Station and maintain and breed them under close observation for
extended periods to determine which animals would develop scrapie and define
more closely the natural spread and other epidemiological aspects of the
disease.
The 547 previously exposed sheep brought to the Mission Station beginning
in 1964 were of the Cheviot, Hampshire, Montadale, or Suffolk breeds. They were
purchased as field outbreaks occurred, and represented 21 bloodlines in which
scrapie had been diagnosed. Upon arrival at the Station, the sheep were
maintained on pasture, with supplemental feeding as necessary. The station was
divided into 2 areas: (1) a series of pastures and-pens occupied by male animals
only, and (2) a series of pastures and pens occupied by females and young
progeny of both sexes. ...
snip...see full text ;
Thursday, June 09, 2016
Scrapie Field Trial Experiments Mission, Texas, The Moore Air Force Base
Scrapie TSE Prion Experiment 1964
How Did CWD Get Way Down In Medina County, Texas?
Friday, April 22, 2016
*** Texas Scrapie Confirmed in a Hartley County Sheep where CWD was
detected in a Mule Deer
Monday, July 18, 2016
Texas Parks Wildlife Dept TPWD HIDING TSE (CWD) in Deer Herds, Farmers
Sampling Own Herds, Rapid Testing, False Negatives, a Recipe for Disaster
Wednesday, February 10, 2016
*** Wisconsin Two deer that escaped farm had chronic wasting disease CWD
***
Sunday, January 17, 2016
*** Wisconsin Captive CWD Lotto Pays Out Again indemnity payment of
$298,770 for 228 white-tailed deer killed on farm ***
Sunday, May 08, 2016
WISCONSIN CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION SPIRALING FURTHER INTO THE
ABYSS UPDATE
Friday, April 22, 2016
COLORADO CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION SURVEILLANCE AND TESTING
PROGRAM IS MINIMAL AND LIMITED
*** SEE CWD HIGH INFECTION RATE MAPS FOR COLORADO ! ***
Monday, May 02, 2016
*** Zoonotic Potential of CWD Prions: An Update Prion 2016 Tokyo ***
SCRAPIE AND CWD ZOONOSIS
PRION 2016 CONFERENCE TOKYO
Saturday, April 23, 2016
*** SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016
***
Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
1:07 PM
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