''CWD has also been diagnosed in several free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested on ranches in close proximity to the remaining CWD positive breeding facilities within Medina County in central Texas. Genetic tests performed on those hunter-harvested deer found that the genetic composition of the subject animals were more closely related to deer in nearby captive facilities, as opposed to those in the surrounding free-range population.''
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS
Testimony Provided By: Carter P. Smith
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
25 June, 2019
Washington, D.C.
__________________________________________________________________________
Introduction
Thank you Mr. Chairman and members of this Committee. I appreciate the chance to come before you today to share a few observations from a state perspective surrounding the management of chronic wasting disease (CWD), a serious and far reaching wildlife based issue that has become front and center for our agency since the disease’s unwelcome discovery in far west Texas in 2012. With the emergence of CWD has come considerable impacts, not only from the increased cost of containing the disease’s spread, but just as importantly, from the implications of how best to attenuate its impacts on social, cultural, recreational, and economic values that Texas and Texans hold dear.
We have learned from other states that in the absence of a targeted, proactive, and comprehensive disease management approach, CWD has the potential to directly and indirectly impact the management of Texas’ bountiful deer herds and other wildlife; the recreational pursuits of sportsmen and women; the livelihoods of people and businesses in rural communities;
the economic value of farm, ranch, and timberland properties; and the sale of hunting licenses, which have long been a primary driver of funding to support conservation of all species, not just game animals. Moreover, the ramifications of CWD for Texas and its multi-billion-dollar ranching, hunting, real estate, and wildlife management affiliated economies are expected to be significant, unless the disease can be successfully contained and controlled.
In short, with so much at stake for so many, complacency with this disease is not an option.
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Deer and Deer Hunting in Texas
By way of background, Texas boasts a white-tailed and mule deer population in excess of 4.5 million deer. Each fall, approximately 840,000 deer hunters, including tens of thousands of nonresidents, take to the woods in pursuit of their favorite quarry and in fulfillment of time honored outdoor passions and heritage. These activities have a significant bearing on our state’s rural economies and communities, many of whom are dependent upon a seasonal influx of deer hunters who infuse in excess of $2 billion in direct expenditures on travel, goods, supplies, equipment, and other purchases that support their hunting-related activities. The vast majority of hunting in Texas occurs on private land. In fact, approximately 95 percent of lands are privately owned, where they are held in a patchwork of over 250,000 individual farms, ranches, timber and forest land, and other interests. For decades, the Real Estate Center at Texas A & M University has tracked rural land trends across the state, including land values (Figure 1) and motivations for owning and enjoying rural land. Since the mid-1990s, the primary motivations for people buying rural land in Texas have been an interest in hunting, wildlife enjoyment, and family recreation in the outdoors, a trend that continues today. Figure 1. Trend in Texas land values, 1971-2016.
$0 $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000
Texas Land Price Data - Nominal Median Price per Acre
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For the majority of Texas landowners, the wildlife species of greatest interest is deer, an emphasis that is reflected in voluntary wildlife management plans that Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) holds with landowners across tens of millions of acres of privately managed properties.
Ensuring the health and vitality of our state’s deer populations on those lands, both free-range and captive, and the public’s confidence in the health and management of those deer herds, is foundational to the future of our state’s rural land values, our real estate markets, the voluntary cooperation of landowners in managing wildlife on private lands, and the local communities who depend upon the value of those lands for their tax base.
Management of Chronic Wasting Disease in Texas
State Authority
State fish and wildlife agencies are charged with managing and conserving public trust resources for the enjoyment and use of the states’ citizens, present and future. Given this important responsibility, these agencies are on the front lines in confronting the real and insidious threats associated with CWD. In Texas, TPWD has jurisdiction over native cervid species, i.e., whitetailed deer and mule deer, including approximately 1,000 captive deer breeding facilities containing around 75,000 deer.
Other cervids susceptible to CWD including elk, red deer, and sika deer are considered exotic livestock and fall under the jurisdiction of our sister agency, the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), which administers the voluntary Herd Certification Program for interstate movement of captive cervids. Because of the important interface in Texas between free-range and captive native and exotic cervids, TPWD and TAHC work very closely in our efforts to combat further spread of CWD in Texas.
Landowner Cooperation
Any successful and sustainable CWD management strategy in Texas must be initiated and implemented with the trust and cooperation of private landowners. Because of the state’s
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predominant make-up as a private lands dominated state, any effective wildlife and conservation related measure carried out at any kind of scale must be done through collaborative partnerships with landowners.
These landowners, in many cases, derive a significant amount of income from hunting leases, or simply enjoy having and observing deer on their property. This is particularly relevant given the adverse impacts this disease can have on white-tailed deer (Edmunds et al. 2016, Foley et al. 2016), mule deer (Miller at al. 2008, DeVivo 2015, and elk populations (Monello et al. 2014), as well as the adverse impacts this disease can have on hunters’ behavior (Needham et al. 2007, Vaske 2009, Zimmer 2012, Haus et al. 2017). For example, human dimensions research indicates that hunters will avoid hunting in areas of high CWD prevalence (Haus et al. 2017). Aside from this information, it stands to reason that if CWD is allowed to become established, increase through time, and ultimately result in deer population declines, the simple absence of sufficient numbers of deer would also negatively impact deer hunting participation. Such factors would have very detrimental impacts on landowner interest, participation, and support of deer, deer management, deer hunting, and other affiliated activities and economies.
Actively engaging landowners about the gravity of CWD and sharing options available to them to help with the arrest of the disease’s spread and prevalence are therefore essential in obtaining and maintaining their support and confidence in agency disease management efforts. Some of the adaptive management strategies for CWD control involving targeted removal of animals and/or substantially limiting concentration of animals in free range settings on private land are not as easily instituted in Texas as they may be in states that have larger areas of public land. That being said, many Texas landowners fully expect, and in fact demand, TPWD take appropriate action to control the disease and are supportive of measures that help minimize further risk of spread, particularly from areas that are high risk and/or are already known to possess the disease. To that end, TPWD has enjoyed strong support in its CWD management efforts from the state’s largest landowner organizations including the Texas and Southwestern Cattle Raiser’s Association and the Texas Wildlife Association.
5
Factors Further Compounding and Influencing the Management of CWD
In attempting to arrest the further spread of CWD, Texas faces the same significant obstacles faced by other states, including the lack of a known treatment and effective prevention measures, disease persistence in the environment, inconspicuous progression of the disease, lack of proven management methods, the lack of funds (along with other limitations) to conduct sound research, and the always-fatal nature of the disease.
Data generated from other states has validated that CWD is an additional mortality factor in deer populations, and data indicate that mortality rates can surpass fawn recruitment in local populations with high CWD prevalence. Several research projects in Colorado (Miller at al. 2008, Monello et al. 2014), Wyoming (DeVivo 2015, Edmunds et al. 2016), and South Texas (Foley et al. 2016) have demonstrated that this additive mortality can have population-level impacts including a shift in age structure (to younger-aged animals) and a declining population. CWD does not have the immediate short-term impacts to deer populations that we see with some other diseases such as anthrax or epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD); however, insidious, persistent diseases that increase in prevalence in early years with no noticeable impacts, such as CWD, may be more likely to influence long-term population dynamics. CWD prevalence is much higher and has increased more rapidly in some populations than what is often proclaimed. In a publication describing the lessons learned from CWD management attempts during the first five decades of its known existence, Miller and Fischer (2016) concluded that heavily-infected cervid populations will not thrive.
Once CWD becomes established in a free-ranging deer population, it is unlikely that it can be eradicated, and containment and control at the local scale will depend on numerous variables that include deer densities and deer movement barriers. However, CWD can be contained in a specific area (i.e., not moved to other areas) or within a captive deer breeding facility by ceasing the movement of live deer, as well as the transport of those carcass parts that are likely to contain the prions from these infected populations. Efficacious sampling must occur to determine if a population or populations are infected with CWD. Early detection is critical for disease containment, but effective sampling can and has put a severe strain on already lean state budgets.
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History and Distribution of CWD in Texas
In Texas, CWD was first discovered in 2012 in free-ranging mule deer in the Hueco Mountains near the Texas–New Mexico border. It has since been detected in free-ranging elk, mule deer, and white-tailed deer in the northwest Panhandle, and in five (5) captive white-tailed deer breeding facilities in central and south-central Texas (Figure 2). To date, three (3) of those facilities have been depopulated and closed, leaving only two (2) CWD-positive deer breeding facilities operating under the guidance of a TAHC CWD Herd and Facilities Management Plan. CWD has also been diagnosed in several free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested on ranches in close proximity to the remaining CWD positive breeding facilities within Medina County in central Texas. Genetic tests performed on those hunter-harvested deer found that the genetic composition of the subject animals were more closely related to deer in nearby captive facilities, as opposed to those in the surrounding free-range population. These findings highlight the important disease nexus between captive and free-ranging cervids and underscore the criticality of comprehensive CWD management strategies that address all CWD risk on the landscape. As of June 20, 2019, there have been 144 CWD-positives detected in Texas (Table 1).
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Figure 2. CWD Zones in Texas.
CWD Zone Species Total
Trans Pecos Mule Deer - Free Range 19
Panhandle
Mule Deer - Free Range 7
Elk - Free Range 1
White-tailed Deer - Free Range 4
South-Central Texas
White-tailed Deer - Free Range 3
White-tailed Deer - Breeder Pen 94
White-tailed Deer - Breeder Release Site 14
Elk - Breeder Release Site 2
Grand Total 144
Table 1. Number of CWD-positive deer or elk in Texas by geographic region, as of June 20, 2019.
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Texas CWD Management Plan Implementation
Keeping CWD contained within the three existing geographic nodes where it currently is known to exist is a high priority for both TPWD and TAHC, as well as sportsmen, landowners, wildlife managers, and others concerned about its further spread. To that end, precautionary and proactive disease management principles of early detection and rapid containment have been guiding tenets of the state’s philosophy and response in combating the disease.
Consistent with our state’s culture and circumstances, Texas has implemented what we believe are the most tenable, balanced, and prudent measures available to manage CWD. The three primary goals of our CWD management plan are:
• Minimize CWD risks to free-ranging and captive white-tailed deer, mule deer, and other susceptible species in Texas;
• Establish and maintain support for prudent CWD management with hunters, landowners, and other stakeholders; and
• Minimize direct and indirect impacts of CWD to hunting, hunting related economies, and conservation in Texas.
The principle strategy of early detection includes adequate surveillance, as well as enhanced testing requirements for individuals permitted to move live deer, all designed to increase the probability of detecting CWD where it exists and before it is moved. With the initial detection of CWD in 2012 in far west Texas, the Texas Parks and Wildlife (TPW) Commission, the governing board for TPWD, adopted regulations for this area of the state designed to increase CWD testing efforts through mandatory hunter harvest testing and restrictions on live deer movement. When CWD was detected in a captive deer breeding facility in Medina County in the summer of 2015 TPWD enacted measures statewide in an effort to arrest the spread of this disease.
To further understand the geographic extent and prevalence of the disease, TPWD intensified surveillance efforts beginning with the 2015-16 hunting season. As a point of reference, TPWD collected CWD samples from an average of just over 2,100 free-ranging deer per year between 2002-2015. Surveillance efforts increased in the fall of 2015 resulting in approximately 10,000 samples per year being collected from hunter-harvested deer and road kills during each of the last 4 years.
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In response to the 2015 discovery in a captive breeding facility, TPWD also adopted a comprehensive CWD management rules package to include the establishment of additional CWD Containment Zones and Surveillance Zones, CWD testing requirements for deer harvested within those zones, a suite of enhanced testing options for captive deer breeders to include antemortem (“live”) testing options, and restrictions on movement of live deer and specific carcass parts from regions or facilities of relatively high risk for CWD. Table 2 provides a summary of CWD tests collected from various sources over the last 16 years.
Fiscal Year TPWD Tests Deer Breeder (Post mortem) Deer Breeder (Ante mortem) TTT1 TTP2 Release Site Tests Totals FY 2003 810 ++ N/A 4,351 Not Required Not Required 810 FY 2004 2,920 ++ 2,920 FY 2005 2,782 ++ 2,782 FY 2006 2,594 517 3,111 FY 2007 2,393 886 3,279 FY 2008 2,026 978 3,004 FY 2009 2,218 1,148 3,366 FY 2010 1,973 1,279 3,252 FY 2011 2,571 2,034 4,605 FY 2012 2,069 1,821 329 4,219 FY 2013 2,079 2,153 757 4,989 FY 2014 1,921 2,378 569 4,868 FY 2015 1,847 3,787 561 6,195 FY 2016 10,726 5,314 8,841 548 340 3,798 29,567 FY 2017 9,820 5,058 16,065 287 199 2,996 34,425 FY 2018 9,634 2,183 1,900 309 0 1,302 15,328 Grand 58,383 29,536 26,806 7,711 539 8,096 131,071 Table 2. "Not Detected" CWD Test Results in Texas, FY 2003-2018. 1. Translocation permits 2. Trap and process permits * Subtotals for FY 2003 - FY 2011 do not include TTT test results. * This table presents only Not Detected results (for all FYs), and excludes all inconclusive, location, and positive results from all categories displayed. Breeder deer values include only eligible aged deer, 16 months of age or older.
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The increased testing that resulted from these programmatic and regulatory changes, as well as implementation of TAHC CWD Herd and Facilities Management Plans resulted in the detection of CWD in areas of the state and in facilities where it may not have otherwise been discovered for some time. TAHC CWD Herd and Facilities Management Plan sampling resulted in the detection of two (2) additional captive facilities after the initial discovery in 2015. Ante-mortem testing detected the disease in another captive deer facility, and increased testing of hunterharvested deer by TPWD staff discovered the presence of CWD in the western Panhandle region.
All of these new detections triggered additional TPW Commission approved regulatory changes to prevent the further spread of this disease.
TPWD has had to divert significant financial and personnel resources from other important conservation efforts to support our battle against CWD. Table 3 shows CWD expenditures since 2014, and depicts the seven-fold increase in annual expenditures. Expenditures towards CWD research are expected to increase in coming years so that we can better understand factors that enhance the spread of the disease or strategies that control its spread, but all of these costs pale in comparison to the potential economic ramifications that could occur if CWD gets a more expansive foothold in Texas.
CWD Expenditures FY 14 FY 15 FY 16 FY 17 FY 18 Salary & Fringe $133,001.15 $236,406.51 $1,040,054.87 $948,705.84 $917,463.86 Operating Expenditures $75,784.16 $30,147.16 $512,269.57 $624,636.10 $531,514.59 $208,785.31 $266,553.67 $1,552,324.44 $1,573,341.94 $1,448,978.45 Table 3. TPWD expenditures for CWD Surveillance by Fiscal Year.
More Must Be Done
CWD is a very unique, challenging, and trans-boundary disease that requires thoughtful, targeted, and coordinated investments in surveillance, research and education. And while states must continue to serve as leaders in enacting disease management measures appropriate to their site specific circumstances, the disease must also be addressed more holistically across the nation. To that end, it is imperative that federal and state agencies invest the necessary attention and targeted resources to enhance our understanding of this disease and to develop effective
11
management strategies to arrest its spread and prevalence. Key areas where additional emphasis and support in the management of CWD are needed include:
Research – The scientific community must work more collaboratively to set priorities and to design research projects which ensure investigations are well-designed and translate into effective, practical, and applied solutions. Currently, CWD research is deficient in understanding transmission routes through direct and indirect sources, measuring effective adaptive management strategies, improving diagnostic testing options, specifically for live animal (ante-mortem) testing, and human dimensions work that better assesses stakeholder perspectives about the disease and elements of its risk, threat, and management.
Education – Heightened and coordinated outreach/education strategies are needed to provide the necessary level of awareness to ensure all stakeholders understand the seriousness of this disease and its potential impacts to the public’s big game resources. Information based on science and facts, not fear mongering, that resonates with key audiences is essential. Although messages may need to be tailored for unique CWD management situations facing specific states, developing consistent messages across the nation is necessary.
Testing Methodologies and Lab Capacity – Developing more sensitive and rapid diagnostic tests and/or investing in additional diagnostic facilities to process hunters’ samples more expeditiously is very important to gain hunters’ support for CWD surveillance and management. Receiving test results after hunters have consumed their venison, or after having incurred additional expenses to keep unprocessed venison in edible condition while awaiting test results for extended periods of time are factors leading to hunter frustration and apathy. Such slow processing of samples can leave hunters with the impression that the disease must not be a serious threat.
Detection and Surveillance Capacity – Understanding that early detection is critical for successful CWD containment strategies, additional resources are necessary to conduct adequate CWD surveillance to provide sufficient confidence that the disease would be detected when a small proportion of the population is infected. This requires increased staffing as well as operating funds to cover costs associated with sampling and diagnostic testing.
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Conclusion
In Texas, as in other states across the nation, our proud outdoor and hunting heritage, robust outdoor based economies, wildlife conservation funding, private and public lands conservation, rural land values, and the vitality of our rural communities are of immense importance to our citizens. The continued spread of CWD is a sober and compelling reminder of what is at stake if we fail to take the requisite measures and actions necessary to protect those important values. That responsibility, while best carried out primarily by the states at local levels, would undoubtedly benefit from a more comprehensive focus, as well as certain targeted federal investments in research, education/outreach, and fiscal support to the states.
References
snip...see;
''CWD has also been diagnosed in several free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested on ranches in close proximity to the remaining CWD positive breeding facilities within Medina County in central Texas. Genetic tests performed on those hunter-harvested deer found that the genetic composition of the subject animals were more closely related to deer in nearby captive facilities, as opposed to those in the surrounding free-range population.''
TAHC CWD Scrapie TSE Prion SUMMARY MINUTES OF THE 403 rd COMMISSION MEETING Texas Animal Health Commission May 21, 2019
Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
▪ Chronic Wasting Disease • Traces received from affected elk herd in Oklahoma
3
V. Sheep and Goats
A. Scrapie: The first positive scrapie case in Texas since 2008 was identified in the Panhandle in April 2016 and the flock and premises remains under quarantine.
7
Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
VI. Cervids
A. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD): Five positive captive breeder herds have been disclosed since July 2015. Three herds are depopulated and two larger herds are managed under a herd plan. In addition, Texas Parks and Wildlife, Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, and Texas Animal Health Commission provided a CWD Symposium to address the disease status and current research in diagnostic as well as management strategies to mitigate the disease in Texas. As the state epidemiologist, I had the opportunity to provide the epidemiology of the disease in the 5 captive herds as well as the status of the data collected in collaboration with researchers on the subject. The summary of CWD in Texas by species is provided in Table 3.
Table 3. CWD in Texas by Species and State Fiscal Year (Dec 3, 2018)
Fiscal Year Freeranging Mule Deer Captive WTD Freeranging WTD Capt Ex CWD Susceptible Species Freeranging Elk Total by year
2012 2 0 0 0 0 2
2013 4 0 0 0 0 4
2014 0 0 0 0 0 0
2015 1 4 0 0 0 5
2016 2 21 0 0 0 23
2017 10 8 2 0 1 21
2018 5 69 4 2 0 80
2019 2 6 1 0 0 9
Total 26 108 7 2 1 144
TAHC continues to encourage exotic producers or owners to submit samples on any natural mortalities or hunter harvested exotics annually for CWD sampling. Since May 1, 2018 there has been at total of 215 samples from elk, red stag, or sika deer tested for CWD in Texas. This is a decrease of about 100 total sampled in the previous year (see Table 4 and Figure 3). In addition, Figure 4 was shared by TPWD and provides the numbers of exotics tested through TPWD check stations, road kills, or management areas. To note, the total number of permitted movements of exotics from other states into Texas is provided in Table 5.
Table 4. Exotic CWD Susceptible Species Surveillance since May 1, 2018
Total Elk Red Deer Sika
General Surveillance 155 46 74 35
Zone Surveillance 16 6 7 3
Positive Herds 44 27 15 2
Total 215 79 96 40
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Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
Figure 3. Exotic CWD testing since May 1, 2018
Figure 4. 2018-19 TPWD Exotic Sampling (courtesy of Alan Cain)
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Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
Table 5. Number of Exotic CWD Species entering Texas by Fiscal Year
Species 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Elk 106 142 104 134 121 102
Red Deer 114 81 172 239 273 347
Sika 0 11 12 0 14 9
Total 220 234 288 373 408 458
Elk Traces outs: In April, Texas was notified by the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture of a newly identified positive CWD elk herd that was in the herd certification program for 20 years. Four Texas elk herds have received elk from this herd dating back to 2014 including herds in Collingsworth, Gillespie, Young, and Bosque counties. Individual herd plans are under development for each one of these premises which will include surveillance on elk, WTD, and/or Mule deer on the premises.
VII. Program Records Activities:
Table 6. Total CVIs received in TX by type
2018 Totals Incoming Outgoing TX to TX
Paper 22353 18255 15895
17-30's 1205 15 2117
GVL 8896 13318 12035
CO/KS 1970 0 0
mCVI / AgView 3057 182 120
TAHC eCVI 0 1600 652
VSPS 1233 1351 417
New Planet Technologies 12 0 0
other state's electronic 236 0 0
Vet Sentry 37 0 0
total electronic 15441 16451 13224
total paper 23558 18270 18012
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Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
Figure 5 and 6. Proportions by state of imports and exports into Texas. The total imports were 6,001 movements of 213,889 animals, whereas the total exports was 3,726 movements of 133,405 animals.
11
Summary Minutes of the 403rd Commission Meeting – 5/21/2019
snip...
WEDNESDAY, MAY 15, 2019
TAHC CWD TSE Prion Summary Minutes of the 402nd Commission Meeting – 12/11/2018
TEXAS CWD TSE PRION STRAIN UNLIKE ANYTHING EVER SEEN
“Wow,” he said. “Unlike anything we've seen before.”
The prions from the Texas deer were a lot harder to destroy than the ones from the Colorado elk. In fact, the guanidine barely damaged them at all. “We’ve never seen that before in any prion strain, which means that it has a completely different structure than we've ever seen before,” says Zabel. And that suggests that it might be a very different kind of chronic wasting disease. The researchers ran the same test on another Texas deer, with the same results.
One day in late February, in their laboratory in Fort Collins, Colorado, Wagner and Zabel compared the prions from the brains of CWD-infected deer in Texas with those of elk in Colorado. They want to know if the proteins were all mangled in the same way, or not. “If they are different, this would suggest that we have different strain properties, which is evidence as we're building our case that we might have multiple strains of CWD circulating in the U.S.,” says Wagner.
Step one is to see if they’re equally easy to destroy using a chemical called guanidine. The shape of a prion dictates everything, including the way it interacts with an animal’s cells and the ease with which chemicals can unfold it.
“Moment of truth,” said Wagner, as she and Zabel huddled around a computer, waiting for results to come through. When they did, Zabel was surprised.
“Wow,” he said. “Unlike anything we've seen before.”
The prions from the Texas deer were a lot harder to destroy than the ones from the Colorado elk. In fact, the guanidine barely damaged them at all. “We’ve never seen that before in any prion strain, which means that it has a completely different structure than we've ever seen before,” says Zabel. And that suggests that it might be a very different kind of chronic wasting disease. The researchers ran the same test on another Texas deer, with the same results.
Now, these are only the preliminary results from a few animals. Wagner and Zabel have a lot more experiments to do. But if future tests come to the same conclusion, it would support their hypothesis that there are multiple strains of chronic wasting disease out there, all with different origins. That, in turn, could mean that this disease will become even trickier to manage than it already is.
And, Zabel adds, there’s something else. “If it's still evolving, it may still evolve into a form that could potentially, eventually affect humans,” he says.
Zabel is not the only one worried about that possibility.
OSTERHOLM, THE EPIDEMIOLOGIST from Minnesota, is also concerned. He directs the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, and is serving a one-year stint as a “Science Envoy for Health Security” with the U.S. State Department. In February, he told Minnesota lawmakers that when it comes to chronic wasting disease, we are playing with fire. “You are going to hear from people that this is not going to be a problem other than a game farm issue. You're going to hear from people that it's not going to transmit to people, and I hope they're right, but I wouldn't bet on it,” he said. “And if we lose this one and haven’t done all we can do, we will pay a price.”
If that wasn’t warning enough, he added: “Just remember what happened in England.”
SUNDAY, APRIL 14, 2019
Chronic Wasting Disease TSE Prion Strains everything in Texas is bigger, better, and badder
FRIDAY, APRIL 05, 2019
TPWD CWD Sampling Effort Leads to Proposed Containment Zone Expansion
TUESDAY, MARCH 05, 2019
TAHC CWD TSE PRION AT 144 POSITIVE MINUTES OF THE 401st COMMISSION MEETING Texas Animal Health Commission August 7, 2018
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2019
TEXAS CWD TSE PRION CASES RISE TO 144 CASES WITH 1 WILD, 1 BREEDER, AND 1 BREEDER RELEASE
SUNDAY, JUNE 10, 2018
TEXAS SUMMARY MINUTES OF THE 400th COMMISSION MEETING CWD TSE PRION TAHC April 17, 2018
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 02, 2017
TEXAS TAHC CWD TSE PRION Trace Herds INs and OUTs Summary Minutes of the 399th and 398th Commission Meeting – 8/22/2017 5/9/2017
TEXAS BREEDER DEER ESCAPEE WITH CWD IN THE WILD, or so the genetics would show?
OH NO, please tell me i heard this wrong, a potential Texas captive escapee with cwd in the wild, in an area with positive captive cwd herd?
apparently, no ID though. tell me it ain't so please...
23:00 minute mark
''Free Ranging Deer, Dr. Deyoung looked at Genetics of this free ranging deer and what he found was, that the genetics on this deer were more similar to captive deer, than the free ranging population, but he did not see a significant connection to any one captive facility that he analyzed, so we believe, Ahhhhhh, this animal had some captive ahhh, whatnot.''
Wyoming CWD Dr. Mary Wood
''first step is admitting you have a problem''
''Wyoming was behind the curve''
wyoming has a problem...
the other part, these tissues and things in the body then shed or secrete prions which then are the route to other animals into the environment, so in particular, the things, the secretions that are infectious are salvia, feces, blood and urine. so pretty much anything that comes out of a deer is going to be infectious and potential for transmitting disease.
Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Symposium 2018 posted January 2019 VIDEO SET 18 CLIPS See Wisconsin update...terrible news, right after Texas updated map around 5 minute mark...
WISCONSIN CWD CAPTIVE CWD UPDATE VIDEO
cwd update on Wisconsin from Tammy Ryan...
Wyoming CWD Dr. Mary Wood ''first step is admitting you have a problem'' ''Wyoming was behind the curve'' wyoming has a problem...
SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 2019
Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Symposium 2018 posted January 2019 VIDEO SET 18 CLIPS
*** Hartley County Sheep with Scrapie, and CWD in Hartley county ???
*** Friday, April 22, 2016
*** Texas Scrapie Confirmed in a Hartley County Sheep where CWD was detected in a Mule Deer
CWD TSE PRION PAYING TO PLAY PROGRAM $$$
SUNDAY, MAY 14, 2017
85th Legislative Session 2017 AND THE TEXAS TWO STEP Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion, and paying to play
Wednesday, May 04, 2016
TPWD proposes the repeal of §§65.90 -65.94 and new §§65.90 -65.99 Concerning Chronic Wasting Disease - Movement of Deer Singeltary Comment Submission
TUESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2014
Texas 84th Legislature 2015 H.R. No. 2597 Kuempel Deer Breeding Industry TAHC TPWD CWD TSE PRION
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2014
TEXAS 84th Legislature commencing this January, deer breeders are expected to advocate for bills that will seek to further deregulate their industry
SUNDAY, APRIL 14, 2019
Chronic Wasting Disease TSE Prion Strains everything in Texas is bigger, better, and badder
FRIDAY, APRIL 05, 2019
TPWD CWD Sampling Effort Leads to Proposed Containment Zone Expansion
TUESDAY, MARCH 05, 2019
TAHC CWD TSE PRION AT 144 POSITIVE MINUTES OF THE 401st COMMISSION MEETING Texas Animal Health Commission August 7, 2018
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2019
TEXAS CWD TSE PRION CASES RISE TO 144 CASES WITH 1 WILD, 1 BREEDER, AND 1 BREEDER RELEASE
SUNDAY, JUNE 10, 2018
TEXAS SUMMARY MINUTES OF THE 400th COMMISSION MEETING CWD TSE PRION TAHC April 17, 2018
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 02, 2017
TEXAS TAHC CWD TSE PRION Trace Herds INs and OUTs Summary Minutes of the 399th and 398th Commission Meeting – 8/22/2017 5/9/2017
TEXAS HISTORY OF CWD Singeltary telling TAHC, that CWD was waltzing into Texas from WSMR around Trans Pecos region, starting around 2001, 2002, and every year, there after, until New Mexico finally shamed TAHC et al to test where i had been telling them to test for a decade. 2012 cwd was detected first right there where i had been trying to tell TAHC for 10 years.
***> Singeltary on Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion History <***
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