Characterization of the first case of naturally occurring chronic wasting disease in a captive red deer (Cervus elaphus) in North America
AD.12: Characterization of the first case of naturally occurring chronic
wasting disease in a captive red deer (Cervus elaphus) in North America
Aaron D.Lehmkuhl.1 Bruce V. Thomsen,1 Katherine I. O'Rourke.3 Aru
Balachandran,4 Justin J. Greenlee2 and Mark Hall1
'National Veterinary Services Laboratories; Ames,IA USA; 2National Animal
Disease Center; Ames, IA USA; 3Animal Disease Research Unit; Pullman, WA USA;
4National and OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD; Ottawa, ON Canada
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
(TSE) affecting cervids that is caused by the accumulation of an abnormal prion
protein. CWD has been diagnosed in captive and free-ranging elk (Cervus
canadensis), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus
virginianus) and moose (Alces aIces) in North America. This report describes the
identification and characterization of the first case of CWD in a naturally
infected, captive red deer in North America.
end...Prion2013...TSS
Tuesday, April 16, 2013
Cervid Industry Unites To Set Direction for CWD Reform and seem to ignore
their ignorance and denial in their role in spreading Chronic Wasting Disease
Tuesday, December 18, 2012
A Growing Threat How deer breeding could put public trust wildlife at risk
please see what the U.K. DEFRA recently said ABOUT CWD RISK FACTORS ;
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered
at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the
animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a
requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.
The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from
the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES.
It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin
processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible
risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk
protein is imported into GB.
There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data
on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these
products.
snip...
36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of
deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of
Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).
The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and
behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition,
signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a
fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an
altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids
experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB,
for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate
if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the
human food-chain via affected venison.
snip...
The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and
can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).
snip...
In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil
and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a
bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are
present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with
CWD prion.
snip...
In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving
between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling
to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing,
footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible.
For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the
increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant
uncertainty associated with these estimates.
snip...
Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher
probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer
given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists
and returning GB residents.
snip... see full text report here ;
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...see my full submission to the state of Missouri on CWD here ;
Sunday, June 09, 2013
Missouri House forms 13-member Interim Committee on the Cause and Spread of
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Thursday, July 11, 2013
The New Hornographers: The Fight Over the Future of Texas Deer, Captive
shooting pens, and the CWD TSE prion disease
Tuesday, July 02, 2013
National Rifle Association and the Unified Sportsman of Florida support a
Florida ban on the importation of captive deer and cervids into Florida
Monday, June 24, 2013
The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry
Following its Discovery
Thursday, June 20, 2013
atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild
Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update
Wednesday, May 15, 2013
Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with
Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to
Montmorillonite Clay Research Article
Friday, February 08, 2013
*** Behavior of Prions in the Environment: Implications for Prion Biology
please remember, captive cervids are now considered _livestock_ $$$
Final Rule: Traceability for Livestock Moved Interstate January 11, 2013
Summary of General Requirements by Species Effective Date: March 11, 2013 The
Traceability for Livestock Moved Interstate rule establishes minimum national
official identification and documentation requirements for the traceability of
livestock moving interstate. The species covered in the rule include cattle and
bison, sheep and goats, swine, horses and other equines, captive cervids (e.g.,
deer and elk), and poultry. The covered animals moved interstate, unless
otherwise exempt, would have to be officially identified and accompanied by an
interstate certificate of veterinary inspection (ICVI) or other movement
document. The requirements do not apply to livestock moving:
Friday, December 14, 2012
IOWA Second Deer Positive for CWD at Davis County Hunting Preserve Captive
Shooting Pen
Friday, September 21, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD raises concerns about deer farms in Iowa
Tuesday, September 11, 2012
Agreement Reached with Owner to De-Populate CWD Deer at Davis County
Hunting Preserve Iowa
Wednesday, September 05, 2012
Additional Facility in Pottawatamie County Iowa Under Quarantine for CWD
after 5 deer test positive
Friday, July 20, 2012
CWD found for first time in Iowa at hunting preserve
Wednesday, July 31, 2013
Iowa Brakke Family Farmed CWD livestock update July 3, 2013
Sunday, July 21, 2013
*** As Chronic Wasting Disease CWD rises in deer herd, what about risk for
humans?
TSS
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
4:33 PM
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