Sensitive detection of chronic wasting disease prions recovered from environmentally relevant surfaces
Sensitive detection of chronic wasting disease prions recovered from environmentally relevant surfaces
Environment International
Available online 13 June 2022, 107347
Environment International
Sensitive detection of chronic wasting disease prions recovered from environmentally relevant surfaces
Qi Yuana Gag e Rowdenb Tiffany M.Wolfc Marc D.Schwabenlanderb Peter A.LarsenbShannon L.Bartelt-Huntd Jason C.Bartza
a Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, United States of America
b Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
c Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, United States of America
d Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Peter Kiewit Institute, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, 68182, United States of America
Received 26 April 2022, Revised 8 June 2022, Accepted 9 June 2022, Available online 13 June 2022.
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Under a Creative Commons license Open access
Highlights • An innovative method for prion recovery from swabs was developed.
• Recovery of prions decreased as swab-drying time was increased.
• Recovery of CWD prions from stainless steel and glass was approximately 30%.
• RT-QuIC enhanced CWD prion detection by 4 orders of magnitude.
• Surface-recovered CWD prion was sufficient for efficient RT-QuIC detection.
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been identified in 30 states in the United States, four provinces in Canada, and recently emerged in Scandinavia. The association of CWD prions with environmental materials such as soil, plants, and surfaces may enhance the persistence of CWD prion infectivity in the environment exacerbating disease transmission. Identifying and quantifying CWD prions in the environment is significant for prion monitoring and disease transmission control. A systematic method for CWD prion quantification from associated environmental materials, however, does not exist. In this study, we developed an innovative method for extracting prions from swabs and recovering CWD prions swabbed from different types of surfaces including glass, stainless steel, and wood. We found that samples dried on swabs were unfavorable for prion extraction, with the greatest prion recovery from wet swabs. Using this swabbing technique, the recovery of CWD prions dried to glass or stainless steel was approximately 30% in most cases, whereas that from wood was undetectable by conventional prion immunodetection techniques. Real-time quake-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) analysis of these same samples resulted in an increase of the detection limit of CWD prions from stainless steel by 4 orders of magnitude. More importantly, the RT-QuIC detection of CWD prions recovered from stainless steel surfaces using this method was similar to the original CWD prion load applied to the surface. This combined surface swabbing and RT-QuIC detection method provides an ultrasensitive means for prion detection across many settings and applications.
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5. Conclusions
Chronic wasting disease is spreading in North America and it is hypothesized that in CWD-endemic areas environmental persistence of CWD prions can exacerbate disease transmission. The development of a sensitive CWD prion detection method from environmentally relevant surfaces is significant for monitoring, risk assessment, and control of CWD. In this study, we developed a novel swab-extraction procedure for field deployable sampling of CWD prions from stainless steel, glass, and wood. We found that extended swab-drying was unfavorable for extraction, indicating that hydrated storage of swabs after sampling aided in prion recovery. Recoverable CWD prions from stainless steel and glass was approximately 30%, which was greater than from wood. RT-QuIC analysis of the swab extracts resulted in an increase of the detection limit of CWD prions from stainless steel by 4 orders of magnitude compared to conventional immunodetection techniques. More importantly, the RT-QuIC detection of CWD prions recovered from stainless steel surfaces using this developed method was similar to the original CWD prion load without surface contact. This method of prion sampling and recovery, in combination with ultrasensitive detection methods, allows for prion detection from contaminated environmental surfaces.
Research Paper
Cellular prion protein distribution in the vomeronasal organ, parotid, and scent glands of white-tailed deer and mule deer
Anthony Ness, Aradhana Jacob, Kelsey Saboraki, Alicia Otero, Danielle Gushue, Diana Martinez Moreno, Melanie de Peña, Xinli Tang, Judd Aiken, Susan Lingle & Debbie McKenzie
ORCID Icon show less
Pages 40-57 | Received 03 Feb 2022, Accepted 13 May 2022, Published online: 29 May 2022
Download citation
https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2022.2079888
ABSTRACT
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious and fatal transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting species of the cervidae family. CWD has an expanding geographic range and complex, poorly understood transmission mechanics. CWD is disproportionately prevalent in wild male mule deer and male white-tailed deer. Sex and species influences on CWD prevalence have been hypothesized to be related to animal behaviours that involve deer facial and body exocrine glands. Understanding CWD transmission potential requires a foundational knowledge of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) in glands associated with cervid behaviours. In this study, we characterized the presence and distribution of PrPC in six integumentary and two non-integumentary tissues of hunter-harvested mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus). We report that white-tailed deer expressed significantly more PrPC than their mule deer in the parotid, metatarsal, and interdigital glands. Females expressed more PrPC than males in the forehead and preorbital glands. The distribution of PrPC within the integumentary exocrine glands of the face and legs were localized to glandular cells, hair follicles, epidermis, and immune cell infiltrates. All tissues examined expressed sufficient quantities of PrPC to serve as possible sites of prion initial infection, propagation, and shedding.
KEYWORDS: Prion chronic wasting diseasesex differences species differences disease prevalence cervid protein expression glands
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19336896.2022.2079888
Paper
Rapid recontamination of a farm building occurs after attempted prion removal
Kevin Christopher Gough BSc (Hons), PhD Claire Alison Baker BSc (Hons) Steve Hawkins MIBiol Hugh Simmons BVSc, MRCVS, MBA, MA Timm Konold DrMedVet, PhD, MRCVS … See all authors
First published: 19 January 2019 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.105054
The data illustrates the difficulty in decontaminating farm buildings from scrapie, and demonstrates the likely contribution of farm dust to the recontamination of these environments to levels that are capable of causing disease.
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This study clearly demonstrates the difficulty in removing scrapie infectivity from the farm environment. Practical and effective prion decontamination methods are still urgently required for decontamination of scrapie infectivity from farms that have had cases of scrapie and this is particularly relevant for scrapiepositive goatherds, which currently have limited genetic resistance to scrapie within commercial breeds.24 This is very likely to have parallels with control efforts for CWD in cervids.
***>This is very likely to have parallels with control efforts for CWD in cervids.
***> Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years
***> Nine of these recurrences occurred 14–21 years after culling, apparently as the result of environmental contamination, but outside entry could not always be absolutely excluded.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY Volume 87, Issue 12
Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at least 16 years Free
Gudmundur Georgsson1, Sigurdur Sigurdarson2, Paul Brown3
Front. Vet. Sci., 14 September 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2015.00032
Objects in contact with classical scrapie sheep act as a reservoir for scrapie transmission
imageTimm Konold1*, imageStephen A. C. Hawkins2, imageLisa C. Thurston3, imageBen C. Maddison4, imageKevin C. Gough5, imageAnthony Duarte1 and imageHugh A. Simmons1
The findings of this study highlight the role of field furniture used by scrapie-infected sheep to act as a reservoir for disease re-introduction although infectivity declines considerably if the field furniture has not been in contact with scrapie-infected sheep for several months. PMCA may not be as sensitive as VRQ/VRQ sheep to test for environmental contamination.
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Discussion
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In conclusion, the results in the current study indicate that removal of furniture that had been in contact with scrapie-infected animals should be recommended, particularly since cleaning and decontamination may not effectively remove scrapie infectivity (31), even though infectivity declines considerably if the pasture and the field furniture have not been in contact with scrapie-infected sheep for several months. As sPMCA failed to detect PrPSc in furniture that was subjected to weathering, even though exposure led to infection in sheep, this method may not always be reliable in predicting the risk of scrapie infection through environmental contamination.
***> 172. Establishment of PrPCWD extraction and detection methods in the farm soil
Kyung Je Park, Hoo Chang Park, In Soon Roh, Hyo Jin Kim, Hae-Eun Kang and Hyun Joo Sohn
Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
Conclusions: Our studies showed that PrPCWD persist in 0.001% CWD contaminated soil for at least 4 year and natural CWD-affected farm soil. When cervid reintroduced into CWD outbreak farm, the strict decontamination procedures of the infectious agent should be performed in the environment of CWD-affected cervid habitat.
Published: 06 September 2021
***> Chronic wasting disease: a cervid prion infection looming to spillover
Alicia Otero, Camilo Duque Velásquez, Judd Aiken & Debbie McKenzie
Veterinary Research volume 52, Article number: 115 (2021)
THE tse prion aka mad cow type disease is not your normal pathogen.
The TSE prion disease survives ashing to 600 degrees celsius, that’s around 1112 degrees farenheit.
you cannot cook the TSE prion disease out of meat.
you can take the ash and mix it with saline and inject that ash into a mouse, and the mouse will go down with TSE.
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel Production as well.
the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated Wastewater Treatment Processes.
IN fact, you should also know that the TSE Prion agent will survive in the environment for years, if not decades.
you can bury it and it will not go away.
The TSE agent is capable of infected your water table i.e. Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area.
it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and be done with.
***> that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission, a simple autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
1: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994 Jun;57(6):757-8
***> Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to a chimpanzee by electrodes contaminated during neurosurgery.
Gibbs CJ Jr, Asher DM, Kobrine A, Amyx HL, Sulima MP, Gajdusek DC.
Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD 20892.
Stereotactic multicontact electrodes used to probe the cerebral cortex of a middle aged woman with progressive dementia were previously implicated in the accidental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) to two younger patients. The diagnoses of CJD have been confirmed for all three cases. More than two years after their last use in humans, after three cleanings and repeated sterilisation in ethanol and formaldehyde vapour, the electrodes were implanted in the cortex of a chimpanzee. Eighteen months later the animal became ill with CJD. This finding serves to re-emphasise the potential danger posed by reuse of instruments contaminated with the agents of spongiform encephalopathies, even after scrupulous attempts to clean them.
PMID: 8006664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent: Threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of replication
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel Production
MONDAY, APRIL 19, 2021
Evaluation of the application for new alternative biodiesel production process for rendered fat including Category 1 animal by-products (BDI-RepCat® process, AT) ???
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area
A Quantitative Assessment of the Amount of Prion Diverted to Category 1 Materials and Wastewater During Processing
Rapid assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion inactivation by heat treatment in yellow grease produced in the industrial manufacturing process of meat and bone meals
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 2019
BSE infectivity survives burial for five years with only limited spread
5 or 6 years quarantine is NOT LONG ENOUGH FOR CWD TSE PRION !!!
QUARANTINE NEEDS TO BE 21 YEARS FOR CWD TSE PRION !
FRIDAY, APRIL 30, 2021
Should Property Evaluations Contain Scrapie, CWD, TSE PRION Environmental Contamination of the land?
***> Confidential!!!!
***> As early as 1992-3 there had been long studies conducted on small pastures containing scrapie infected sheep at the sheep research station associated with the Neuropathogenesis Unit in Edinburgh, Scotland. Whether these are documented...I don't know. But personal recounts both heard and recorded in a daily journal indicate that leaving the pastures free and replacing the topsoil completely at least 2 feet of thickness each year for SEVEN years....and then when very clean (proven scrapie free) sheep were placed on these small pastures.... the new sheep also broke out with scrapie and passed it to offspring. I am not sure that TSE contaminated ground could ever be free of the agent!! A very frightening revelation!!!
---end personal email---end...tss
and so it seems...
Scrapie Agent (Strain 263K) Can Transmit Disease via the Oral Route after Persistence in Soil over Years
Published: May 9, 2007
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Our results showed that 263K scrapie agent can persist in soil at least over 29 months. Strikingly, not only the contaminated soil itself retained high levels of infectivity, as evidenced by oral administration to Syrian hamsters, but also feeding of aqueous soil extracts was able to induce disease in the reporter animals. We could also demonstrate that PrPSc in soil, extracted after 21 months, provides a catalytically active seed in the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) reaction. PMCA opens therefore a perspective for considerably improving the detectability of prions in soil samples from the field.
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Dr. Paul Brown Scrapie Soil Test BSE Inquiry Document
KOREA CWD UPDATE 2022
FRIDAY, MARCH 18, 2022
Korea Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP Update Increase of Positive Cases and Polymorphisms of the prion-related protein gene
IN 235 elks, 22 elks (9.4%) were infected with CWD.
IN 257 red deer, 78 red deer (30.4%) were infected with CWD.
IN 150 sika deer, 16 sika deer (10.7%) were infected with CWD.
***> CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS PRION CONFERENCE 2018
P69 Experimental transmission of CWD from white-tailed deer to co-housed reindeer
Mitchell G (1), Walther I (1), Staskevicius A (1), Soutyrine A (1), Balachandran A (1)
(1) National & OIE Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and CWD, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) continues to be detected in wild and farmed cervid populations of North America, affecting predominantly white-tailed deer, mule deer and elk. Extensive herds of wild caribou exist in northern regions of Canada, although surveillance has not detected the presence of CWD in this population. Oral experimental transmission has demonstrated that reindeer, a species closely related to caribou, are susceptible to CWD. Recently, CWD was detected for the first time in Europe, in wild Norwegian reindeer, advancing the possibility that caribou in North America could also become infected. Given the potential overlap in habitat between wild CWD-infected cervids and wild caribou herds in Canada, we sought to investigate the horizontal transmissibility of CWD from white-tailed deer to reindeer.
Two white-tailed deer were orally inoculated with a brain homogenate prepared from a farmed Canadian white-tailed deer previously diagnosed with CWD. Two reindeer, with no history of exposure to CWD, were housed in the same enclosure as the white-tailed deer, 3.5 months after the deer were orally inoculated. The white-tailed deer developed clinical signs consistent with CWD beginning at 15.2 and 21 months post-inoculation (mpi), and were euthanized at 18.7 and 23.1 mpi, respectively. Confirmatory testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot demonstrated widespread aggregates of pathological prion protein (PrPCWD) in the central nervous system and lymphoid tissues of both inoculated white-tailed deer. Both reindeer were subjected to recto-anal mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy at 20 months post-exposure (mpe) to the white-tailed deer. The biopsy from one reindeer contained PrPCWD confirmed by IHC. This reindeer displayed only subtle clinical evidence of disease prior to a rapid decline in condition requiring euthanasia at 22.5 mpe. Analysis of tissues from this reindeer by IHC revealed widespread PrPCWD deposition, predominantly in central nervous system and lymphoreticular tissues. Western blot molecular profiles were similar between both orally inoculated white-tailed deer and the CWD positive reindeer. Despite sharing the same enclosure, the other reindeer was RAMALT negative at 20 mpe, and PrPCWD was not detected in brainstem and lymphoid tissues following necropsy at 35 mpe. Sequencing of the prion protein gene from both reindeer revealed differences at several codons, which may have influenced susceptibility to infection.
Natural transmission of CWD occurs relatively efficiently amongst cervids, supporting the expanding geographic distribution of disease and the potential for transmission to previously naive populations. The efficient horizontal transmission of CWD from white-tailed deer to reindeer observed here highlights the potential for reindeer to become infected if exposed to other cervids or environments infected with CWD.
SOURCE REFERENCE 2018 PRION CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research
Title: Horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer
Author
item MOORE, SARAH - ORISE FELLOW item KUNKLE, ROBERT item WEST GREENLEE, MARY - IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY item Nicholson, Eric item RICHT, JUERGEN item HAMIR, AMIRALI item WATERS, WADE item Greenlee, Justin
Submitted to: Emerging Infectious Diseases
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 8/29/2016
Publication Date: 12/1/2016
Citation: Moore, S., Kunkle, R., Greenlee, M., Nicholson, E., Richt, J., Hamir, A., Waters, W., Greenlee, J. 2016. Horizontal transmission of chronic wasting disease in reindeer. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 22(12):2142-2145. doi:10.3201/eid2212.160635.
Interpretive Summary: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that occurs in farmed and wild cervids (deer and elk) of North America and was recently diagnosed in a single free-ranging reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Norway. CWD is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that is caused by infectious proteins called prions that are resistant to various methods of decontamination and environmental degradation. Little is known about the susceptibility of or potential for transmission amongst reindeer. In this experiment, we tested the susceptibility of reindeer to CWD from various sources (elk, mule deer, or white-tailed deer) after intracranial inoculation and tested the potential for infected reindeer to transmit to non-inoculated animals by co-housing or housing in adjacent pens. Reindeer were susceptible to CWD from elk, mule deer, or white-tailed deer sources after experimental inoculation. Most importantly, non-inoculated reindeer that were co-housed with infected reindeer or housed in pens adjacent to infected reindeer but without the potential for nose-to-nose contact also developed evidence of CWD infection. This is a major new finding that may have a great impact on the recently diagnosed case of CWD in the only remaining free-ranging reindeer population in Europe as our findings imply that horizontal transmission to other reindeer within that herd has already occurred. Further, this information will help regulatory and wildlife officials developing plans to reduce or eliminate CWD and cervid farmers that want to ensure that their herd remains CWD-free, but were previously unsure of the potential for reindeer to transmit CWD.
Technical Abstract: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally-occurring, fatal prion disease of cervids. Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) are susceptible to CWD following oral challenge, and CWD was recently reported in a free-ranging reindeer of Norway. Potential contact between CWD-affected cervids and Rangifer species that are free-ranging or co-housed on farms presents a potential risk of CWD transmission. The aims of this study were to 1) investigate the transmission of CWD from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; CWDwtd), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus; CWDmd), or elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni; CWDelk) to reindeer via the intracranial route, and 2) to assess for direct and indirect horizontal transmission to non-inoculated sentinels. Three groups of 5 reindeer fawns were challenged intracranially with CWDwtd, CWDmd, or CWDelk. Two years after challenge of inoculated reindeer, non-inoculated negative control reindeer were introduced into the same pen as the CWDwtd inoculated reindeer (direct contact; n=4) or into a pen adjacent to the CWDmd inoculated reindeer (indirect contact; n=2). Experimentally inoculated reindeer were allowed to develop clinical disease. At death/euthanasia a complete necropsy examination was performed, including immunohistochemical testing of tissues for disease-associated CWD prion protein (PrPcwd). Intracranially challenged reindeer developed clinical disease from 21 months post-inoculation (months PI). PrPcwd was detected in 5 out of 6 sentinel reindeer although only 2 out of 6 developed clinical disease during the study period (< 57 months PI). We have shown that reindeer are susceptible to CWD from various cervid sources and can transmit CWD to naïve reindeer both directly and indirectly.
Infectivity surviving ashing to 600*C is (in my opinion) degradable but infective. based on Bown & Gajdusek, (1991), landfill and burial may be assumed to have a reduction factor of 98% (i.e. a factor of 50) over 3 years. CJD-infected brain-tissue remained infectious after storing at room-temperature for 22 months (Tateishi et al, 1988). Scrapie agent is known to remain viable after at least 30 months of desiccation (Wilson et al, 1950). and pastures that had been grazed by scrapie-infected sheep still appeared to be contaminated with scrapie agent three years after they were last occupied by sheep (Palsson, 1979).
- 73.Scientific Steering Committee (SSC). Scientific report on the risks of non conventional transmissible agents, conventional infectious agents or other hazards such as toxic substances entering the human food or animal feed chains via raw material from fallen stock and dead animals (including also: ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish, wild/exotic/zoo animals, fur animals, cats, laboratory animals and fish) or via condemned materials. Submitted to the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 June 1999. 1999. EC, SSC, Brussels. Website:http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out58_en.pdf.
SUNDAY, JUNE 05, 2022
4 MOST ENDANGERED WHITETAIL DESTINATIONS IN AMERICA
CWD IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD!
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION PENNSYLVANIA IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD!
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CASESCWD - STATUS OF CAPTIVE HERDS Updated May 2022
Date of Index Case Confirmation Index Case State County Species Herd Type HCP Enrolled HCP Certified Number of Animals Herd Status
3/23/2022 Adult Female PA Bedford WTD Breeder No No 20 Quarantine
2/23/2022 4.5 Y Male PA Lancaster WTD Shooter No No 93 Quarantine
1/5/2022 4.5 Y Female PA Lycoming WTD Shooter No No 177 Quarantine
10/14/2021 11.5 Y Female PA Fulton WTD Hobby No No 1 Quarantine
10/14/2021 2.5 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Breeder No No 70 Quarantine
10/12/2021 4.5 Y Female PA Indiana Red Deer Shooter No No 14 Quarantine
10/5/2021 1.5 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Shooter No No 50 Quarantine
9/27/2021 4.5 Y Male PA Huntingdon WTD Breeder No No 137 Quarantine
9/21/2021 1 Y Male PA Blair WTD Breeder No No 26 Quarantine
9/9/2021 3.5 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Breeder No No 36 Quarantine
8/26/2021 4 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Shooter No No >200 Quarantine
5/28/2021 9 Y Female PA Bedford WTD Breeder No No 29 Quarantine
5/12/2021 2.5 Y Male PA Warren WTD Shooter No No 19 Depopulated
4/20/2021 Six positives PA Bedford WTD Breeder Traceback No No 87 Depopulated
3/29/2021 4 Y Female PA Blair WTD Breeder No NA 11 Quarantine
3/19/2021 3.75 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Hobby No NA 8 Quarantine
2/8/2021 3.5 Y Male PA Blair WTD Shooter No NA 19 Quarantine
12/30/2020 Ukn Y Female PA Bedford WTD Shooter No NA 51 Quarantine
12/15/2020 2.5 Y Female PA Fulton WTD Hobby No NA 19 Quarantine
10/29/2020 2 Y Male PA Somerset WTD Shooter No No 0 Depopulated
6/11/2020 1.5 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Breeder No NA 8 Quarantine
6/8/2020 7 Y Female PA Blair WTD Breeder/Hobby No NA 4 Quarantine
6/5/2020 ukn PA Franklin WTD Breeder No NA 90 Quarantine
6/3/2020 1.5 Y Male PA Bedford WTD Breeder No NA 75 Quarantine
2/2020 4.5 Y Female PA Fulton WTD Shooter No NA 58 Quarantine
2/2020 4.5 Y Male PA Cambria WTD Breeder No NA 6 Depopulated
2/2020 2.5 Males (2) PA Bedford WTD Breeder No NA 15 Depopulated
11/2019 4.5 Y Male PA Cambria WTD Breeder No NA 6 Quarantine
10/2019 3.5 Y Male PA Lancaster WTD Breeder Yes Yes 33 Depopulated
6/2019 6 Y Female PA Perry WTD Breeder Yes Yes 222 Depopulated
5/2019 2.5 Y Male PA Fulton WTD Breeder No NA 320 Depopulated
5/2019 4 Y Female PA Fulton WTD Breeder No NA 12 Depopulated
2/2019 3.5 Y Male PA Clearfield WTD Shooter No NA 12 Quarantined
2/2019 *Trace back from shooter in Clearfield County PA Fulton WTD Breeder Yes Yes 110 Depopulated
2/2019 3 Y Female Natural Addition PA Fulton WTD Breeder No NA 26 Depopulated
5/2018 1 Y Natural Addition and a 6Y Female Purchased Addition PA Blair WTD Breeder No NA 1 Quarantined
2/2018 3 Y Male , Natural Addition PA Lancaster WTD Breeder Yes Yes 38 Depopulated
1/2018 2Y Female, Natural Addition PA Bedford WTD & Elk Shooter No NA 88 Depopulated
5/2017 5Y Female PA Fulton WTD Breeder/ Shooter Breeder : Yes Shooter: No Breeder : Yes Shooter: NA 118 Depopulated
2/2017 3.5 Y Female PA Bedford WTD Breeder Yes Yes 157 Depopulated
1/2017 Male PA Franklin WTD Shooter No NA 50 Quarantined
MONDAY, JUNE 06, 2022
Pennsylvania CWD TSE Prion disease the number of deer being impacted by Chronic Wasting Disease continues to rise
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION PENNSYLVANIA IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD!
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CASESCWD - STATUS OF CAPTIVE HERDS Updated May 2022
SUNDAY, JANUARY 23, 2022
Pennsylvania Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP Surveillance 2021 2022 Update
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION TEXAS IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD!
Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Confirmed Positive Jumps By 91 Total To Date 361 Cases
TEXAS CWD TRACKING
CWD Positive
Confirmation Date Free Range/Captive County Source Species Sex Age
Pending Breeder Deer Kimble Facility #6 White-tailed Deer Unknown 3.5
Pending Breeder Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer M 1.9
N/A Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 5.5
2022-01-25 Free Range Medina N/A White-tailed Deer F 5.5
2022-01-12 Breeder Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer M 1.5
2022-01-12 Breeder Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer F 3.5
2022-01-12 Breeder Release Site Medina Facility #3 Red Deer F 4.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A White-tailed Deer M 3.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 5.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 4.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 5.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer F 3.5
2022-01-12 Breeder Deer Kimble Facility #6 White-tailed Deer Unknown 5.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 3.5
2022-01-12 Free Range Hartley N/A Mule Deer M 7.5
2022-01-10 Free Range Medina N/A White-tailed Deer M 4.5
2022-01-10 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.3
2022-01-10 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 5.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer F 1.4
2022-01-07 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 5.4
2022-01-06 Free Range Medina N/A White-tailed Deer M 2.5
2021-12-28 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2021-12-28 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 3.4
2021-12-13 Free Range Medina N/A White-tailed Deer M 3.5
2021-12-13 Breeder Deer Duval Facility #13 White-tailed Deer F 4.4
2021-12-13 Free Range El Paso N/A Mule Deer F 4.5
2021-10-18 Breeder Deer Medina Facility #4 White-tailed Deer M 4
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer F 8.2
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.2
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.2
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 1.2
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.2
2021-10-12 Breeder Deer Uvalde Facilities #7 & 8 White-tailed Deer M 2.1
Showing 1 to 100 of 361 entries Previous Next
National CWD Tracking Map
“Regarding the current situation involving CWD in permitted deer breeding facilities, TPWD records indicate that within the last five years, the seven CWD-positive facilities transferred a total of 2,530 deer to 270 locations in 102 counties and eight locations in Mexico (the destinations included 139 deer breeding facilities, 118 release sites, five Deer Management Permit sites, and three nursing facilities).'' ...
It is apparent that prior to the recent emergency rules, the CWD detection rules were ineffective at detecting CWD earlier in the deer breeding facilities where it was eventually discovered and had been present for some time; this creates additional concern regarding adequate mitigation of the risk of transferring CWD-positive breeder deer to release sites where released breeder deer come into contact with free-ranging deer...
Commission Agenda Item No. 5 Exhibit B
DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE RULES
PROPOSAL PREAMBLE
1. Introduction.
snip...
A third issue is the accuracy of mortality reporting. Department records indicate that for each of the last five years an average of 26 deer breeders have reported a shared total of 159 escapes. Department records for the same time period indicate an average of 31 breeding facilities reported a shared total of 825 missing deer (deer that department records indicate should be present in the facility, but cannot be located or verified).
Counties where CWD Exposed Deer were Released, September 2021
Number of CWD Exposed Deer Released by County, September 2021
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 2022
Texas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Confirmed Positive Jumps By 91 Total To Date 361 Cases
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION WISCONSIN IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD!
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CASESCWD - STATUS OF CAPTIVE HERDS
Date of Index Case Confirmation Index Case State County Species Herd Type HCP Enrolled HCP Certified Number of Animals Herd Status
5/11/2022 10 YR Female WI Delavan WTD Exhibition No No 2 Quarantine
4/19/2022 3 YR Female MI Mecosta WTD Shooter No No 275 Quarantine
3/23/2022 Adult Female PA Bedford WTD Breeder No No 20 Quarantine
3/18/2022 1.5 Y Female CO Morgan ELK Breeder No No 371 Quarantine
3/2/2022 1.5 Y Male SD Haakon MD Breeder Yes Yes 103 Quarantine
2/23/2022 4.5 Y Male PA Lancaster WTD Shooter No No 93 Quarantine
1/12/2022 6.5 Y Female WV Hardy WTD Shooter Yes Yes 18 Quarantine
1/5/2022 4.5 Y Female PA Lycoming WTD Shooter No No 177 Quarantine
11/8/2021 3 Y Male WI Waukesha WTD/ Elk Breeder Yes Yes 22 Quarantine
Updated May 2022
snip...see full listing of captive farmed cwd;
Chronic Wasting Disease Positives in Farm-Raised Deer Revised: 4/8/2022
County (Premises #) Sample Collection Date of First CWD Positive in Farm-Raised Deer Sample Collection Date of Last CWD Positive in Farm-Raised Deer Total CWD Positive in Farm-Raised Deer
Portage(1) 9/4/2002 1/18/2006 82
Walworth(1) 9/20/2002 12/13/2002 6
Manitowoc 3/5/2003 3/5/2003 1
Sauk(1) 10/3/2003 10/3/2003 1
Racine 5/1/2004 5/1/2004 1
Walworth(2) 7/28/2004 11/3/2004 3
Crawford 1/19/2005 1/25/2007 2
Portage(2) 9/22/2008 11/18/2008 2
Jefferson 12/1/2008 12/1/2008 1
Marathon 11/7/2013 11/3/2021 114
Richland(1) 9/13/2014 11/19/2014 8
Eau Claire(1) 6/8/2015 11/24/2015 34
Oneida 11/4/2015 11/22/2021 30
Iowa(1) 1/22/2016 11/19/2020 5
Oconto 9/4/2016 2/9/2022 440
Shawano 9/18/2017 12/28/2021 81
Waupaca 9/21/2017 12/7/2017 12
Washington 2/18/2018 11/15/2018 12
Richland(2) 5/11/2018 5/11/2018 1
Dane 5/16/2018 5/16/2018 1
Iowa(2) 5/18/2018 5/18/2018 21
Marinette 5/19/2018 12/7/2021 4
Sauk(2) 6/4/2018 11/23/2021 4
Portage(3) 10/23/2018 10/23/2018 1
Portage(4) 11/16/2018 5/1/2019 8
Forest 1/8/2019 12/17/2021 10
Burnett(1) 7/30/2019 7/30/2019 1
Trempealeau 11/7/2019 11/11/2021 4
Burnett(2) 9/3/2020 9/3/2020 1
Sauk(3) 7/19/2021 7/19/2021 1
Taylor 7/24/2021 12/31/2021 12
Outagamie 8/12/2021 9/3/2021 2
Langlade 8/13/2021 8/13/2021 1
Portage(5) 9/8/2021 10/17/2021 2
Vilas 9/9/2021 9/9/2021 1
Eau Claire(2) 10/13/2021 11/1/2021 3
Waukesha 12/3/2021 12/3/2021 2
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection Division of Animal Health
2811 Agriculture Dr., P.O. Box 8911, Madison, WI 53708
WISCONSIN DNR CONFIRMS CWD IN WILD DEER HARVESTED IN VILAS COUNTY WITH A TOTAL OF 9,040 POSITIVE WILD CASES TO DATE
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 2021-12-17
Contact: DNR Office of Communications
DNR CONFIRMS CWD IN WILD DEER HARVESTED IN VILAS COUNTY
BAITING AND FEEDING BANS RENEWED FOR VILAS AND FOREST COUNTIES AND REMAIN IN EFFECT FOR ONEIDA COUNTY
The Wisconsin DNR confirms CWD in wild deer harvested in Vilas County. Baiting and feeding bans renewed for Vilas and Forest Counties and remain in effect for Oneida County. MADISON, Wis. – The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR) confirms a wild deer tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in the Town of Lincoln in Vilas County. This is the first confirmed wild positive case of CWD in Vilas County.
As required by state law, the DNR enacts three-year baiting and feeding bans in counties where CWD has been detected and two-year bans in adjoining counties that lie within 10 miles of a CWD detection.
Following state law, the DNR will renew a three-year baiting and feeding ban in Vilas County as well as a two-year ban in Forest county, as the deer was harvested within 10 miles of the county line. Oneida County is also within 10 miles of the Vilas positive’s harvest location but is already under a longer three-year baiting and feeding ban due to a positive CWD detection at a game farm earlier this year.
Baiting or feeding deer encourages them to congregate unnaturally around a shared food source where sick deer can spread CWD through direct contact with healthy deer or by leaving behind infectious prions in their bodily secretions.
More information regarding baiting and feeding regulations and CWD in Wisconsin is available here.
The DNR asks deer hunters in Vilas, Forest and Oneida counties to assist with efforts to identify where CWD occurs. Those harvesting deer within 10 miles of the newly detected positive case are especially encouraged to have their harvested adult deer tested for CWD. Collecting CWD samples is essential for assessing where and to what extent CWD occurs in deer across the state.
The DNR will work with Vilas County Deer Advisory Council members to schedule a meeting in January to discuss response actions. Members of the public will be invited to attend this meeting and will have the opportunity to provide input.
CWD is a fatal, infectious nervous system disease of deer, moose, elk and reindeer/caribou. It belongs to the family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases. The Wisconsin DNR began monitoring the state's wild white-tailed deer population for CWD in 1999. The first positives were found in 2002.
Information on how to have deer tested during the 2020-21 hunting seasons is available here.
SNIP...SEE WISCONSIN CWD IN GAME FARMS GONE WILD HERE;
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CASES - CWD STATUS OF CAPTIVE HERDS MICHIGAN
Date of Index Case Confirmation Index Case State County Species Herd Type HCP Enrolled HCP Certified Number of Animals Herd Status
SNIP...
11/4/2021 2, 3 Y Male MI Kent Elk Breeder Yes Yes 0 Depopulated
7/15/2021 4 Y Female MI Montcalm WTD Breeder No No 109 Quarantine
4/18/2021 2.5 Y Male MI WTD Shooter No No ukn Quarantine
3/3/2021 4 Y Male MI Montcalm WTD Shooter No NA 14 Quarantine
12/2019 3, 4.5 Y Males MI Newaygo WTD Shooter No No >600 Quarantine
4/2019 2.5 Y Female MI Montcalm WTD Breeder No NA 113 Depopulated
12/2017 1.5 Y Female MI Mecosta WTD Breeder Yes Yes 525 Quarantined
1/2017 2Y Female MI Mecosta WTD & Sika deer Shooter No NA 71 Depopulated
Arkansas has detected 1,324 case of CWD TSE Prion in Cervid AS OF 31 MAR 2022
Arkansas CWD Detections by County by Fiscal Year*
for White-tailed Deer and Elk
FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 FY2020 FY2021 FY2022 Totals
+WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk +WTD +Elk Total
Benton 2 1 2 2 2 9 0 9
Boone 5 7 24 34 54 45 38 207 0 207
Carroll 2 19 21 34 25 23 21 145 0 145
Crawford 1 1 0 1
Franklin 1 1 0 1
Independence 1 1 0 1
Johnson 1 5 7 13 0 13
Logan 2 1 3 0 3
Madison 1 6 12 28 6 18 1 21 92 1 93
Marion 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 0 9
Newton 87 5 78 79 4 123 5 121 4 140 6 77 4 705 28 733
Pope 1 1 1 1 4 0 4
Randolph 1 1 0 1
Scott 1 1 2 0 2
Searcy 1 2 3 3 10 5 1 22 1 19 4 60 11 71
Sebastian 1 1 1 1 4 0 4
Union 1 1 0 1
Van Buren 2 2 0 2
Washington 3 6 6 7 2 24 0 24
96 5 114 2 147 7 241 5 222 5 267 8 197 8 1,284 40 1,324
101 116 154 246 227 275 205
CWD Detections by County by Fiscal Year*
for White-tailed Deer and Elk
AS OF 31 MAR 22
* = FY or Fiscal Year = July 1st to June 30th FY2022 = Current Sampling Year In Progress
cwd sampling history
cwd detection
testing options
Chronic Wasting Disease Management and Response Plan 2021-2025
Executive Summary
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a fatal, neurological disease affecting members of the cervid or deer family. Due to the challenges associated with the management of this disease and the threat that it poses to the long-term stability of free-ranging cervid populations, CWD represents one of the most significant challenges currently facing wildlife managers in North America.
Chronic Wasting Disease was initially discovered in Arkansas in the spring of 2016 and has since been detected in 14 counties and in both free-ranging cervid species in the State. This document serves as a third revision of the State’s previous CWD Response Plan (2006, 2016) and a supplement to the existing Elk and White-tailed Deer Management Plans for the state. Given the present conditions concerning CWD in Arkansas, this document has been devised as a hybrid response and management plan, documenting the agency’s intended response to the detection of CWD in new areas and outlining the agency’s ongoing management of the disease in areas where it is known to occur.
The 2020 AGFC Chronic Wasting Disease Management and Response Plan includes the following: The Introduction Section outlines the context and purpose of the document.
The Background Section summarizes the available science regarding the cause and origins of CWD, its epidemiology, population-level effects and management options. Available management options are discussed in the context of the AFWA Technical Report on Best Management Practices for Prevention, Surveillance, and Management of Chronic Wasting Disease (Gillin and Mawdsley 2018), a widely accepted document summarizing the current industry standards for the management of CWD by state and provincial wildlife agencies. Also included in the Background section is a summary of the available social science literature regarding CWD, the current public health recommendations for this disease, and a timeline documenting the history of this issue in the State of Arkansas.
The Surveillance and Monitoring Plan sets goals and outlines the methodology used for the agency’s ongoing disease detection efforts statewide.
The Response Plan sets goals and outlines the agency’s intended actions following the detection of CWD in areas of the state where it is not known to occur, with a variety of contingency plans to address a range of possible detection scenarios.
The Management Plan sets goals and outlines the agency’s approach for managing CWD in the State’s elk and white-tailed deer herds, including considerations for high and low prevalence scenarios in the latter.
The Research Section outlines the agency’s past and current involvement in advancing CWD research; it also identifies priority areas for research involvement during the life of this document.
The Communication and Outreach Strategy sets goals and outlines methods for continuing and expanding the agency’s outreach for CWD; this section also includes plans for gathering public input on this important issue.
The Fiscal Considerations Section outlines the funding sources and expenses currently associated with the agency’s CWD efforts and reviews alternative funding options.
A Definitions Section has been included for convenience; this section defines technical terms used in this plan as well as some defined within the AGFC Code of Regulations.
The References include bibliographic information for each of the documents cited in this paper. A full text of each reference is available upon request.
6
This plan includes a single appendix, the CWD County Risk Assessment Tool, which was developed by staff to quantify the risk of CWD being present in a County. This tool will be used by staff under specific circumstances to determine the inclusion or exclusion of counties as part of the CWD Management Zone.
This plan was developed cooperatively by an integrated team of wildlife management, wildlife health, social science, and research professionals from the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission. The staff recommendations herein strive to provide practical applications of the best available science to a significant management challenge, while taking local data and social context into full consideration. Where significant questions remain or research is ongoing, evidence for the potential long-term, adverse effects of CWD in free-ranging cervid populations persuades staff that it is prudent to invoke a precautionary approach, reducing potential sources of risk wherever possible until such time that adverse effects can be ruled out or effectively mitigated. Although the intended scope of this document is 5-years, staff recognizes that the agency’s approach must remain sufficiently adaptive to address a range of circumstances and to be adjusted as new information becomes available.
''we have voluntary testing, and having only tested 3 1/2 % of harvest, we've detected just over 1100 cases...there have been many, many more cases, we have just not had them submitted for testing from our hunters, so this is really just the tip of the iceberg.''
15 minute mark video shows sick deer with cwd, and this deer DIED FROM CWD, IT'S DOCUMENTED, commentator says ''so if anyone every tells you, that a deer has never died from CWD, think of this picture, because the Wisconsin Veterinary Lab told us, what when they looked at her sample under a microscope, she was the hottest animal they had ever seen, and that's in terms of the fluorescents that comes off the slide when the look at it, so, a lot of Prion in her system.''
''SCENTS AND LURES, we know that the Prion is shed in urine, and essentially the production of these products is unregulated, we have no idea, you can't tell where they come from, what species are in them, how many animals, how they are precessed, there is really no rules about them, so we are concerned it is a way to bring the disease into new areas, and have us fighting on multiple fronts, AND there are zero risk synthetic options that are readily available in stores, so we have ask hunters to switch to zero risk options.''
see much more about 2 hours long...
snip...
MONDAY, MAY 02, 2022
Arkansas has detected 1,324 case of CWD TSE Prion in Cervid AS OF 31 MAR 2022
TUESDAY, MAY 03, 2016
Arkansas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion and Elk Restoration Project and Hunkering Down in the BSE Situation Room USDA 1998
Greetings Arkansas Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Hunters and Sportsman/woman et al,
I am going to run some more history by you, for those interested. please don’t shoot the messenger.
I know some of you are interested in the history of the Elk Restoration Project in Arkansas, and I thought I would pull up some old files from toms old site, some good old info there on CWD BSE Scrapie TSE Prion History.
kind regards, terry
CWD in Arkansas? -- no IHC testing SCWDS Briefs newsletter. Arkansas Game & Fish Commission Little Rock, AR 72205 tel 501-223-6300
JASPER - Saturday, Aug. 1,1998 is when the 18 remaining elk hunting permits for 1998 will be drawn. More than 16,000 persons applied for the free elk-hunting permits. Return of the Elk by Michael E. Cartwright, Deer/Elk Program Coordinator, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission
Elk once numbered in the millions and occupied habitats spanning most of North America. Unfortunately, shrinking habitat and overhunting reduced populations to a few persistent herds in the mountainous West. Had the elk not been remarkably adaptable, it might now be extinct. The eastern elk (Cerrus elaphus canadensis) lived in eastern boreal and hardwood forests. This was the subspecies native to Arkansas, though historical records indicate it persisted no later than the 1840s. It is now extinct. The U.S. Forest Service introduced Rocky Mountain elk (Cersus elaphus nelsoni) in Franklin County's Black Mountain Refuge in 1933. Three bulls and eight cows from Wichita National Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma were released. The population grew to 125 by 1948, but by then, wildlife biologists were concerned about the herd's future.
The herd increased to an estimated 200 by the mid 1950s and then vanished. No one knows for sure what caused these elk to disappear. Some speculate that illegal hunting, natural mortality and shrinkage of suitable range through natural ecological succession eventually resulted in their extermination.
In 1981, the Game & Fish Commission, in cooperation with private citizens and the National Park Service, initiated another elk restoration project in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas. Between 1981 and 1985, 112 elk from Colorado and Nebraska were released at five sites near Pruitt in Newton County.
All release sites were on or adjacent Buffalo National River lands. Some elk were ear-tagged and tested for diseases such as brucellosis and leptospirosis prior to release. The Game & Fish Commission and Park Service monitor elk using field observations, helicopter counts and, in recent years, thermal infrared sensing equipment. Elk have been reported in Washington, Carroll, Boone, Marion, Newton, Searcy, Stone, Conway, Pope, Van Buren and Faulkner counties, but most of the approximately 350 elk in the Arkansas herd occur along 67 miles of the upper and middle Buffalo National River corridor in Newton and Searcy counties, primarily on National Park Service land.
Fifty-five elk deaths were documented between 1981 and 1993. Poaching (32 percent) and disease (31 percent) are primary factors in these losses. Without suitable habitat, elk would soon disappear from Arkansas. Realizing this, state, federal and private interests have worked together to expand and improve elk habitat along the Buffalo River. Arkansas's First Elk Season Set By Game and Fish Commission
Arkansas Elk Hunt "Elk were once found in much of the Southeast, and there has been considerable interest in restoration of elk to their historic range. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, in cooperation with private citizens, began an elk restoration project in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas in 1981. From 1981 to 1985, 112 Rocky Mountain elk from Colorado and Nebraska were introduced at sites near the Buffalo National River. Since that time, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and the National Park Service have conducted extensive habitat improvement projects, and the population has grown to about 450 animals." "In the fall of 1998, Arkansas held its first modern-day elk hunt as part of its elk management program. SCWDS has prepared a Model Health Protocol for Importation of Wild Elk for Restoration (see SCWDS BRIEFS Vol. 13, No. 3 and Vol. 14, No. 2). The Arkansas elk hunt was an excellent opportunity to evaluate the health status of a recently established population consisting of translocated elk. " "SCWDS staff members examined and obtained samples from 17 elk. All elk examined appeared to be in good to excellent condition, and tests for diseases of major concern, i.e., chronic wasting disease, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, Johne's disease, and Pasteurella pneumonia, were negative. [Unfortunately, these animals were tested by histology alone, no immunohistochemistry, pers. comm Dr. Nettles 25 May 99 to webmaster]
Serologic evidence of exposure to bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and leptospirosis was detected in some animals, but clinical signs or lesions resulting from these diseases were not evident. Parasitism due to lungworms, Sarcocystis, and ectoparasites was subclinical, and there was no evidence of blood parasites such as Anaplasma. However, there was histologic evidence suggestive of previous exposure to the deer meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, which suggests that many elk can overcome infection with this parasite.... "
Arkansas elk re-introduction: animals from high-risk states used Comment (webmaster): These elk came from high risk states at a time when CWD was first getting established in wild elk and research facilities. The state fish and game site does not disclose whether these were wild or captive elk, nor what subsequently transpired at those facilites.. The investigative pattern, as in many states, is to bow to hunters' concerns and take a look for CWD, but use the worst methods possible. In the last 6 months, Oregon and Arkansas have both opted to used methodologies from the 1970's. Yet prion monoclonals have been around for 13 years: Barry RA, Prusiner SB l. Monoclonal antibodies to the cellular and scrapie prion proteins. J Infect Dis. 1986 Sep;154(3):518-21
Prusiner SB et al. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1987;72(4):299-314 "Monoclonal antibodies to PrP 27-30, as well as antisera to PrP synthetic peptides, specifically react with both PrPC and PrPSc, establishing their relatedness."
Kascsak RJ, et al. Mouse polyclonal and monoclonal antibody to scrapie-associated fibril proteins. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):3688-93. Affinity BioReagents in Colorado now offers: PA1-750, Polyclonal (Rabbit) Anti-Cellular Prion Protein. PA1-750 was produced by immunizing New Zealand White rabbits with a synthetic peptide (Cat. # PEP-034) corresponding to amino acid residues 90-102 of human PrP. Peptide sequence: G90 Q G G G T H N Q W N K P102 G G C. This product is for in vitro experimental use only, and is not intended for use in humans or clinical diagnosis. MA1-750, Monoclonal (Mouse) Anti-Prion Protein Monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5 directed at ruminant prion has been licensed from USDA and is currently in the ascites production phase. They expect to have this material in IgG purification/testing by the middle of June 1999. If an evaluation at Pullman is satisfactory, it will be available at that time. At this time they are taking people's numbers so they can let them know about the antibody as soon as it's ready. {Contact: Phillip E. Schwartz, Director of Scientific Development, Affinity BioReagents, Inc.
Arkansas Elk Hunt Elk were once found in much of the Southeast, and there has been considerable interest in restoration of elk to their historic range.� The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, in cooperation with private citizens, began an elk restoration project in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas in 1981.� From 1981 to 1985, 112 Rocky Mountain elk from Colorado and Nebraska were introduced at sites near the Buffalo National River.� Since that time, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission and the National Park Service have conducted extensive habitat improvement projects, and the population has grown to about 450 animals. In the fall of 1998, Arkansas held its first modern-day elk hunt as part of its elk management program.� SCWDS has prepared a Model Health Protocol for Importation of Wild Elk for Restoration (see SCWDS BRIEFS Vol. 13, No. 3 and Vol. 14, No. 2).� The Arkansas elk hunt was an excellent opportunity to evaluate the health status of a recently established population consisting of translocated elk.�
SCWDS staff members examined and obtained samples from 17 elk.� All elk examined appeared to be in good to excellent condition, and tests for diseases of major concern, i.e., chronic wasting disease, bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, Johne's disease, and Pasteurella pneumonia, were negative. {Unfortunately, these animals were tested by histology alone, pers. comm Dr. Nettles 25 May 99]� Serologic evidence of exposure to bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and leptospirosis was detected in some animals, but clinical signs or lesions resulting from these diseases were not evident.� Parasitism due to lungworms, Sarcocystis, and ectoparasites was subclinical, and there was no evidence of blood parasites such as Anaplasma.� However, there was histologic evidence suggestive of previous exposure to the deer meningeal worm, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, which suggests that many elk can overcome infection with this parasite....
Immunohistochemistry: a superior diagnostic method Listserve. Dr.Janice Miller 28 Apr 99
"Veterinary Record returned the manuscript in December with reviewer comments wanting a more detailed description of the neuroanatomical PrPSc localizations. Unfortunately, we were not able to meet such a requirement because the brain samples that had been collected were not appropriate. We withdraw the paper and the senior author is now rewriting the paper for submission to a different journal." "With regard to specific information presented in the paper, it should be noted that the 17 animals examined were a selected group taken from a very large herd and the selection process was not intended to provide a valid assessment of overall CWD prevalence."
"The ability to detect positive brains in elk that had not yet developed clinical signs or lesions was reported several years ago using laboratory animal models of scrapie. In our 1993 and 1994 papers on the use of IHC for scrapie diagnosis in sheep, we reported finding many IHC positive brains that had been designated as only suggestive or inconclusive for scrapie by histopathological criteria. Since that time the APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratory has been using IHC for diagnosis of TSEs."
"According to Drs. Linda Detwiler and Al Jenny, all brains from sheep, goats, cattle, deer, and elk with neurological disease are examined histologically and by IHC. Brains from the *downer cow* surveillance program are also examined by both tests. APHIS, with the assistance of state animal health and wildlife officials, has tested over 2,000 brain samples from free-ranging cervids in Nebraska, South Dakota, Kansas, Michigan, and New Jersey. All brains were negative for PrPSc by IHC."
"State diagnostic laboratories know about the availability of IHC testing at the NVSL and tissue samples from suspect cases are sent to that laboratory on a referral basis. IHC has been used routinely in the diagnostic laboratories of Colorado and Wyoming for several years so undoubtedly the 1998 prevalence report was based on that type of testing procedure."
Clarifications on immunohistochemical detection of preclinical CWD in captive elk Listserve. Dr.Janice Miller 13 May 99
The number of positive animals found (10 of 17) should not be extrapolated to represent the whole herd because it was a selected group. The full text of the article states: "Seventeen elk from a large captive herd in South Dakota were slaughtered in April, 1998. Individual members of the original herd were diagnosed with CWD in December, 1997. The owners reduced the herd in hopes of salvaging some of the animals for meat. Slaughtered elk were chosen based on young age and the likelihood that they were not yet infected. The slaughtered elk were all male, ranging in age from two to five years (9=2 years, 7=3 years, 1=5 years)."
"The five year old and one of the three year old elk exhibited clinical signs consistent with CWD as seen by the herdsman of the ranch. Three of the 17 elk, including the two elk with clinical signs, had histologic lesions consistent with CWD, including spongiform change of the gray matter neuropil, vacuolated neurons, and mild gliosis."
"Separately, a three year old aclinical animal displayed histologic lesions suggestive of CWD, including mild spongiform change in the gray matter of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum, a few vacuolated neurons, and mild gliosis in the brain stem and spinal cord. Medulla oblongata at the obex from each of the 17 elk were immunohistochemically examined for PrP-Sc according to the method of Miller and others, 1994. Tissues from 10 of the 17 elk (58.8 %) were positive."
This work strongly validates concerns about horizontal transmission in elk. I have heard Drs. Mike Miller and Elizabeth Williams speak many times and they always stress that the epidemiology of CWD indicates it is laterally transmitted. Dr. Williams spoke just last week here in Ames and her handout about CWD states:
"The mode of transmission of CWD is not known. Epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests lateral transmission occurs among deer and elk and probably from mule deer to elk and white-tailed deer. Maternal transmission may occur but does not explain many cases of CWD. Concentration of animals in captivity may facilitate transmission; however, CWD is maintained in populations of deer even at moderate to low populations densities."
Dr. Mike Miller's most recent publication (Epidemiology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Captive Rocky Mountain Elk, Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34:532-538, 1998), states the following:
"Our observations provide compelling circumstantial evidence for lateral transmission of CWD among elk. We believe the most plausible explanation for the epidemic pattern observed in this captive elk herd is animal-to-animal transmission of CWD."
Preclinical detection of scrapie and BSE: Papers describing detection of PrP-res in tissues without histopathologically detectable lesions: in addition to our 1993 and 1994 papers that describe this situation in sheep scrapie, there are other similar reports in the literature. One of the most thorough studies was by Bruce, et al., published in 1994 (PrP in Pathology and Pathogenesis in Scrapie-Infected Mice, Molecular Neurobiology 8:105-112). The following statement summarized the work on serial examinations of PrP accumulation:
"PrP changes were first seen relatively early, between a fifth and a quarter of the way through the intracerebral incubation period, depending on the model, and many weeks before the development of vacuolar degeneration. Abnormal distributions of PrP appeared at about the time that relatively protease-resistant PrP became detectable by Western blotting."
An earlier report by Lantos et al. also described the greater sensitivity afforded by immunohistochemistry in human prion diseases (Prion protein immunocytochemistry helps to establish the true incidence of prion diseases, Neuroscience Letters 147:67-71, 1992). The summary states:
"It has been reported that prion diseases may occur without the histological hallmarks of spongiform encephalopathies: vacuolation of the cerebral grey matter, neuronal loss and astrocytosis. These cases without characteristic neuropathology may go undiagnosed and consequently the true incidence of transmissible dementias is likely to have been under-estimated. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies to prion protein gives positive staining of these cases, albeit the pattern of immunostaining differs from that seen in typical forms. Accumulation of prion protein is a molecular hallmark of prion diseases, and thus a reproducible, speedy and cost-efficient immunocytochemical screening of unusual dementias may help to establish the true incidence of prion diseases."
A paper published last year by Wells et al. (Preliminary observations on the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an update, Veterinary Record 142:103-106, 1998) describes an experiment done in the UK in which cattle were experimentally exposed orally to BSE and necropsies were conducted at periodic intervals for examination of tissues by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and mouse bioassay. After a discussion of similar studies done earlier in sheep scrapie, the paper reports the following relative to immunohistochemistry results: "
Table 2 also shows the IHC and BSE fibril results from 32 months after inoculation, the time after which abnormal PrP was detected in the CNS. This change preceded the pathognomonic histopathological changes in the brain, and the onset of clinical signs, and was most consistently detected in the lumbar spinal cord." (Note: 3 cattle killed 36 months after exposure were positive by immunohistochemistry but only 1 had histopathologic lesions of BSE.)
On the use of immunohistochemistry by APHIS for its BSE surveillance: All *downer cow* brains collected in the collaborative study conducted by APHIS and FSIS (Food Safety and Inspection Service) are examined with this technique at the APHIS lab in Ames [note rabbit polyclonal antibody must have been used early on -- a weaker reagent] . Bovine brains from rabies suspects are submitted to state public health or animal health diagnostic laboratories and tissues from non-rabid animals are sent to Ames for the BSE examinations.
All veterinary pathologists should now be well aware of CWD and the need for immunohistochemistry testing. In fact, that is how the cases in captive elk in South Dakota, Nebraska, and Oklahoma were found. The last annual meeting of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (October, 1998) featured 3 talks on CWD. Dr. Beth Williams gave an overview of the disease, Dr. D.H. Zeman described the identification of CWD in South Dakota commercial elk facilities, and Dr. Al Jenny presented results from the APHIS survey for CWD in deer (that information although it has not yet been submitted to a journal).
Dr. Jenny will be presenting results of the current year's survey at the next AAVLD meeting (October, 1999). These meetings are attended by representatives from every animal health diagnostic laboratory in the country, so I think it is very likely that any current and future suspect CWD cases will be referred to APHIS for immunohistochemical testing.
With regard to the question about whether immunohistochemistry was used in CWD surveys done in endemic areas (Colorado and Wyoming) prior to 1998, the technique has been used since 1995 (see remarks of Dr. Mike Miller in the attached USAHA report). In January of this year all of the people involved in CWD research attended a meeting in Fort Collins and Dr. Mike Miller reported on their survey results to that point in time. Everything I heard him say indicated that both the targeted and hunter-kill surveillance efforts are continuing annually in both deer and elk. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry work for these surveys is not done by Colorado Fish and Game but by Dr. Terry Spraker at the Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.
It is true that my comments about results of the APHIS survey on wild cervids involved only deer. That is not surprising because the states where those studies were conducted do not have many (or any) elk. Dr. Jenny told me that there were a few elk brains in this year's collections from South Dakota and Nebraska and they were all negative. That data has not been tabulated and is not included in the information I cited earlier.
Could the immunohistochemical test to brain tissue be applied to the 12-year old cow that was in contact with CWD deer and elk at the Foothills Research Station? That would certainly be possible if paraffin blocks of the animal's brain are available. However, unless the animal showed clinical signs of a CNS problem (which apparently it didn*t) it is unlikely that brain tissue would have been collected for histopathologic examination. If such material exists, however, it could certainly be examined by Dr. Spraker at the Colorado Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory since he is very experienced with both the histopathology of CWD and the immunohistochemistry procedure for detection of PrP.
Should tonsil tissue from hunters in the Fort Collins area be subjected to PrP immunohistochemical examination? Personally, I hope that clinically healthy people are not encouraged to subject themselves to a surgical procedure of that nature, because there is always a certain degree of risk involved. However, even if hunters are willing to participate in such a study, or if archived tonsillectomy samples are available, I feel it would be totally inappropriate for me to do an immunohistochemical test on a tissue and species with which I have no experience. Although I have many years of experience in applying the test to brains of ruminants, only in recent months have I begun to investigate its use on lymphoid tissues of sheep (which I find presents a much more difficult challenge with respect to interpretion of staining reactions).
Furthermore, we don't even know if our reagents would work on human tissue (many PrP antibodies are species specific). A laboratory that has used immunohistochemistry to detect PrP in lymphoid tissues from CJD and nvCJD patients would be more suitable.
TSE discussion highlights sheep and goal disease committee meeting Oct. 5, 1998 United States Animal Health Association press release
MINNEAPOLIS, Minn-- There is an ever-increasing focus on transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) throughout the world -- expecially in reference to sheep and goats. Dr. Linda Detwiler with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service told the USAHA committee on sheep and goats, which met here today, that one of the biggest concerns of the international sheep and goat industry is the possibility that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) exists in the native sheep and goat populations of the United Kingdom and other European countries because of exposure to BSE-contaminated meat and bone meal. BSE has been expermentally transmitted via feed to sheep, but no natural disease has been identified to date. Surveillance studies are underway in the UK to look for BSE in the sheep and goat populations there.
Dr. Detwiler said that because of this possibility, importation of sheep and goats into the United States has been prohibited except from Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand.
She also said that the Organization International des Epizooties (OIE) is establishing international guidelines and standards for declaring a country free of sheep scrapie and for trade in live animals, germplasm and products with respect to this disease.
Dr. Diane Sutton, also with USDA-APHIS, provided the committee with an update on the scrapie program. APHIS currently addresses scrapie through two approaches: (1) a regulatory program to prevent the interstate movement of infected and high-risk animals and (2) the Voluntary Scrapie Flock Certification Program, which is designed to identify scrapie-free and reduced-risk animals. APHIS is currently drafting a proposed rule in response to a 1996 USAHA resolution and a Jan. 26, 1998, advanced notice of proposed rulemaking regarding the interstate movement of sheep and goats from states that do not quarantine scrapie-infected and source flocks.
APHIS is also developing a new generic data base, which is year 2000 compliant, to improve the accuracy and timeliness of information provided on the APHIS flock status web pages (www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/scrapie/).
Dr. Katherine O'Rourke with USDA's Agricultural Research Service told the committee that a live animal test for scrapie, described last spring, has been revised twice to improve sensitivity and specificity. She anticipates a two-year validation test involving U.S. sheep.
Dr. Nora Wineland with USDA-APHIS reported on a possible National Animal Health Monitoring Service national study for sheep in the year 2000. This means that a needs assessment to find the largest "information gaps" must be completed by the spring of 1999.
PrP genotypes of captive and free-ranging Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease
J Gen Virology Oct 1999 pg 2765-2769 free pdf K. I. O'Rourke, T. E. Besser, M. W. Miller, T. F. Cline, T. R. Spraker, A. L. Jenny, M. A. Wild, G. L. Zebarth and E. S. Williams
CWD probably arose in confined cervids as a horizontal transfer of scrapie from sheep co-housed and pastured previously at the Dept of Wildlife's Foothills Research Station in Ft. Collins, Colorado. This study looked at whether a coding polymorphism in elk (M129L) could have been responsible instead. Ironically, the polymorphism turned out to be protective. In 387 carefully sequenced elk, only this one coding polymorphism was observed. A silent change was also seen in codon 104, namely AAG to AAA. This region is not within hairpin C. (Flanking primer pairs were not used after learning a mule deer allele was not amplified; that allele is not described. ) Genotype frequencies were 0.75, 0.24, and 0.01, for met/met, met/leu, and leu/leu, ie, in approximate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with 12% leucine. This is not a possible frequency for a mutation that could cause disease onset in a 2 year old elk; however, it might well affect susceptibility, as seen in human CJD.
Met/met was signficantly over-represented in CWD-affected game farm animals at the South Dakota facility. CWD was seen in some heterozygotes (without a striking delay in onset) but not in leucine homozygotes.
The results are difficult to interpret. The genotype of the original infecting animal(s) is not known. Sheep of course are met/met, as are mule deer. Assuming it was met/met, then the like-like principle favors transmission to similar animals and a barrier might occur to unlike animals. This is like the situation in BSE, where met/met cows are initially infecting met/met humans instead of val/val. A leu/leu elk with CWD may eventually be found; that animal might conversely transmit better to other leu/leu animals.
The study did rule out "familial CWD" involving 129L viewed as a rare mutation. However, some other rare mutation, long since lost, could have initiated the epidemic. Non-coding mutations, such as upregulation alleles linked to met, could also be a factor. Other genes, such as cervid doppel, were not examined in this study.
The South Dakota game farm is severely impacted with 42 confirmed cases dating back to 1995, strongly suggesting horizontal efficient transmission. Leakage from this facility is of grave concern to large herds of wild elk on surrounding public and tribal lands. While no CWD was reported in pen mates or via fenceline contact in this study, a previous study has documented transfer from captive elk to wild deer across a fenceline.
When no CWD is detected, one always has to wonder if the incubation period was too short or whether the methods were not sensitive enough. This study used good methods for their day, but not the ultra-sensitive methods that would be used now. For that reason, negative results must be revisited and for now regarded with caution. The vastly improved detection method of the companion paper was not used: sequential tissue treatment by formic acid, protease K, hydrated autoclaving, followed by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5.
The Montana facility is also reported negative. Since the paper was submitted, a second elk shipped to Oklahoma was confirmed positive. The Montana Wildlife Federation has also strongly questioned testing procedures at the farm; an elk with a missing head was found.
The politics of CWD is explosive: it is bad enough to have the disease endemic in Rocky Mtn National Park -- to have it escape from already-controversial game farms into huge elk populations at Yellowstone NP and the Black Hill, not to mention cattle and sheep on public and private lands, is almost unthinkable.
Two of the authors of this paper draw their salaries primarily through the sale of Colorado elk hunting tags and a third is an employee of the game farm industry. Indeed, it is impossible to obtain necessary CWD samples without the cooperation of their host institutions. This paper however appears scientifically sound and does not exhibit much by way of overt bias.
SEE;
Hunkering down in the APHIS BSE Situation Room
FLASHBACK
1999
BSE Response Team
BSE Red Book 2.1-26
snip...see full text ;
Tuesday, May 03, 2016
Arkansas Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion and Elk Restoration Project and Hunkering Down in the BSE Situation Room USDA 1998
MONDAY, MAY 09, 2022
Michigan MDARD: Chronic Wasting Disease Confirmed in a Farmed White-Tailed Deer from Mecosta County
THURSDAY, APRIL 14, 2022
Michigan’s 2021 deer seasons included targeted CWD surveillance, 25 positive deer
FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 2022
Michigan Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Update February 2022
MICHIGAN-SPORTSMAN 2002
MICHIGAN-SPORTSMAN 2018
MONDAY, MAY 09, 2022
Ohio 9 ADDITIONAL CWD-POSITIVE DEER CONFIRMED IN WYANDOT, MARION COUNTIES
MONDAY, MAY 09, 2022
Colorado CWD TSE Prion Detected in 40 of 54 deer herds, 17 of 42 elk herds, and 2 of 9 moose herds
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 2022
COLORADO Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP 2022 UPDATE
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27, 2022
Missouri MDC reports final CWD results for 2021 deer season with 86 testing positive for CWD
TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 2022
Wyoming Game and Fish lab tests nearly 7,000 CWD samples in 2021 and 831 samples were positive
SATURDAY, APRIL 23, 2022
Tennessee TWRA 2 deer in Hardin County Confirmed Chronic wasting disease (CWD)
THURSDAY, MARCH 31, 2022
North Carolina Wildlife Commission Announces First Chronic Wasting Disease CWD-Positive TSE PrP Deer
THURSDAY, MAY 19, 2022
Maryland DNR reported that 53 WTD sampled within Allegany and Washington counties in 2021 tested positive for chronic wasting disease CWD
MONDAY, MARCH 21, 2022
New Mexico Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP Confirmed February 2022
THURSDAY, MARCH 10, 2022
Mississippi CWD TSE Prion 2022 Samples Shows 38 Positive To Date
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 09, 2022
Virginia Summary DWR’s 2021–2022 deer hunting season CWD surveillance in the Disease Management Areas (DMA) Finds 25 More Positives
TUESDAY, MARCH 08, 2022
Minnesota Board of Animal Health Report Concurrent Authority Regulating Farmed White-tailed Deer and CWD TSE Prion
SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 2022
Minnesota Chronic Wasting Disease CWD PrP 146 WILD Positive To Date
Minnesota captive cwd to date???
TUESDAY, MARCH 08, 2022
Alabama Second Case of CWD Confirmed in Northwest
FRIDAY, JANUARY 07, 2022
ALABAMA DETECTS FIRST CASE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION Lauderdale County
WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2022
North Dakota Game and Fish Department reports 26 deer tested positive during the 2021 hunting season
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2022
Idaho Fish and Game Commission will consider proposed hunting season changes for Unit 14 in response to five deer and an elk testing positive for Chronic Wasting Disease
THURSDAY, JANUARY 13, 2022
Idaho Two more Chronic Wasting Disease cases detected in cow elk and white-tailed doe in Unit 14
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 05, 2022
Louisiana, NVSL Confirms first case of CWD TSE PrP in WTD
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 22, 2019
Illinois CWD TSE Prion 90 CWD-positive deer with 826 confirmed positive Total positives through June 30, 2019
SUNDAY, MARCH 20, 2022
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CASES CWD STATUS OF CAPTIVE HERDS AS OF February 2022
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 31, 2021
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION END OF YEAR REPORT
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 2020
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Cervid State by State and Global Update November 2020
SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 2022
H.R.5608 - Chronic Wasting Disease Research and Management Act 117th Congress (2021-2022) Singeltary Submission
THURSDAY, MARCH 31, 2022
EFSA ONE Conference 2022 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PrP of Cervid and Zoonosis Zoonotic Transmission Singeltary Submission
TUESDAY, MARCH 29, 2022
OIE Agent causing chronic wasting disease (CWD) TSE Prion of Cervid
Tuesday, May 31, 2022
89th General Session of the World Assembly of OIE Delegates image for WOAH General Summit 2022 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Discussions and Concerns
TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 2022
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Cervids and the Consequences of a Mutable Protein Conformation
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier. Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. ***These circumstances represent a potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
A REVIEW OF THE BSE TSE PRION SCIENCE FROM THE OLD DAYS
Former Scientific Steering Committee
The opinions are published by the European Commission in their original language. Only this version is the original one. If other linguistic versions appear on this page, these will be clearly identified. The opinions are those of the Scientific Committees. It does not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission.
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| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of tallow derivatives from cattle tallow (adopted on 10 April 2003) |
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| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• accompanying the guidance document for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed (expressed on 6-7 March 2003) |
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| Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• and report on the safety of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) from bovine bones, used as an animal feed additive or as fertiliser (submitted to the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 6-7 March 2003) |
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OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the use of burial for dealing with animal carcasses and other animal materials that might contain BSE/TSE (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 16-17 January 2003) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Greece (adopted on 06 December 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in the Principality of Andorra (adopted on 06 December 2002) |
Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety with regard to TSE risks of gelatine derived from ruminant bones or hides (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 5-6 December 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on a programme for the evaluation of rapid post mortem tests to detect TSE in small ruminants adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 November |
Updated opinion and reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on a treatment of animal waste by means of high temperature (150°c, 3 hours) and high pressure alkaline hydrolysis (Initially adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 16 may 2002 and revised at its meeting of 7-8 november 2002) |
Update of the OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on TSE Infectivity distribution in ruminant tissues (Initially adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 10-11 January 2002 and amended at its meeting of 7-8 November 2002) following the submission of (1) a risk assessment by the German Federal Ministry of Consumer Protection, food and Agriculture and (2) new scientific evidence regarding BSE infectivity distribution in tonsils |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on necrophagous birds as possible transmitters of TSE/BSE (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 November 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical BSE risk for sheep and goats (GBR-S) : adaptation of the cattle GBR methodology to small ruminants, in case BSE in small ruminants would become probable or evident under field conditions (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 November 2002 |
| Update of the opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) ( adopted on 7 November 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in New Zealand (adopted on 07 November 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Israel (adopted on 13 September 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Malta (adopted on 13 September 2002) |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Slovenia (adopted on 13 September 2002) |
ComplementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• to the SSC opinion of 4-5 April 2002 on safe sourcing of small ruminant materials (with special reference to the safety with regard to BSE risks of sheep intestines and casings), adopted on 12-13 September 2002 (112 |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the implications of the recent papers on transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep (Houston et al, 2000; Hunter et al, 2002), adopted on 12-13 September 2002 [Revision and update of the SSC Opinion of 26-27 October 2000 on: the Implications of the Houston et al paper in The Lancet of 16 September 2000 on the Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep. (The Lancet, Vol. 356, pp 999-1000; 955-956; 1013)] |
Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety with regard to TSE risks of gelatine derived from ruminant bones or hides (adopted on 12-13 September 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on azole antimycotic resistance, adopted on 27 28 june 2002 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Triclosan resistance, adopted on 27 28 june 2002 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Vanuatu (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Turkey (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in the Republic of San Marino (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Latvia (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Iceland (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Croatia (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Bulgaria (adopted on 27 June 2002) |
| The safety of bovine embryos: Amendment to the SSC opinion of 18-19 marchSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the possible vertical transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (adopted on 16 may 2002) |
| Opinion and report assessmentSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the human BSE risk posed by bovine vertebral column including dorsal root ganglia (adopted on 16 may 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of animal rennet in regard to risks from animal TSE and BSE in particular (adopted on 16 may 2002) |
| Opinion and reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the treatment of animal waste by means of high temperature (150°c, 3 hours) and corresponding high pressure alkaline hydrolysis (adopted on 16 may 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Finland (update adopted on 16 May 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Austria (update adopted on 16 May 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on safe sourcing of small ruminant materials (adopted on 04-05 April 2002) |
| Suggested strategySearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• to investigate the presence of BSE in small ruminants (adopted on 04-05 April 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of calf-derived rennet (adopted on 04-05 April 2002) |
| StatementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on prions in muscle (adopted on 04-05 April 2002) |
| StatementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the need for non-human primates in biomedical research (adopted on 04-05 April 2002) |
| GuidanceSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• for the Expression of Opinions and other outputs of Scientific Advisory Committees ( adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) as part of its exercise on Harmonisation of Risk Assessment Procedures) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the geographical BSE-risk (GBR) and its evolution over time in the European Union Member States (adopted by the SSC at its plenary meeting of 21/22 February 2002, this opinion was prepared by the GBR-Peer Group and endorsed by the TSE/BSE ad hoc group at its meeting on 7/2/2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on peptides from pig mucosa: risks with respect to TSEs (adopted on 21-22 february 2002) |
| Scientific reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on stunning methods and BSE risks (the risk of dissemination of brain particles into the blood and carcass when applying certain stunning methods) ( prepared by the TSE BSE ad hoc group at its meeting of 13 december 2001 and including the outcome of a public consultation via internet between 10 September and 26 October 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on design of a field trial for the evaluation of new rapid BSE post mortem tests (adopted on 22 february 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on stunning methods and BSE risks (the risk of dissemination of brain particles into the blood and carcass when applying certain stunning methods) (adopted on 10-11 January 2002 following a public consultation via Internet between 10 September and 26 October 2001) |
| Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) ( adopted on 11 January 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the additional safeguard provided by different culling schemes under the current conditions in the UK and DE ( adopted on 11 January 2002) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on TSE infectivity distribution in ruminant tissues (state of knowledge, December 2001) ( adopted on 10-11 January 2002) |
| Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on sourcing of ruminant materials from GBR I countries for medical devices (originally adopted on 6-7 September 2001, update adopted on 29-30 November 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on requirements for statistically authoritative BSE/TSE surveys ( adopted on 29-30 November 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the six BARB BSE cases in the UK since 1 August 1996 (the six BARB BSE cases born and confirmed in the UK after 1 August 1996: Is there a need to review the opinions of the Scientific Steering Committee with regard to the UK date-based export scheme and other TSE-related risks?) (adopted on 29-30 November 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on hypotheses on the origin and transmission of BSE (adopted on 29-30 November 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of small ruminant products should BSE in small ruminants become probable / confirmed (adopted on 18-19 October 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Sourcing of from GBR I Countries (Sourcing of Ruminant Materials from GBR I Countries for Medical Devices) (adopted on 6-7 September 2001) |
| Scientific opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the use of non-human primate models for human TSEs (adopted on 6-7 September 2001) |
| Preliminary scientific opinion and reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on stunning methods and BSE risks (the risk of dissemination of brain particles into the blood and carcass when applying certain stunning methods) (Adopted on 6-7 September 2001) |
| Revised opinion and reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of tallow obtained from ruminant slaughter by-products (adopted on 28-29 June 2001, editorial clarifications introduced at the meeting of 6-7 September 2001) |
| Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety with regard to TSE risks of gelatine derived from ruminant bones or hides from cattle, sheep or goats (adopted on 28-29 June 2001, editorial changes adopted on 6-7 September 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in El Salvador (Adopted on 29/06/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Nigeria (Adopted on 29/06/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Panama (Adopted on 29/06/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on adipose tissue associated with the digestive tract of cattle, sheep and goats: an appreciation of possible TSE risks (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 28-29 June 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on genetically modified cotton and medical devices (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 28-29 June 2001) |
| A framework for the assessment of the riskSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• from different options for the safe disposal or use of meat and bone meal (MBM) and other products which might be contaminated with TSEs and other materials (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 28-29 June 2001) |
| Updated opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety with regard to TSE risks of gelatine derived from ruminant bones or hides from cattle, sheep or goats (Including amendments to the scientific report attached to the opinion of 21 January 2000) - (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 28-29 June 2001) |
| Revised opinion and report on:Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• The safety of tallow obtained from ruminant slaughter by-products (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 28-29 June 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Costa Rica (Adopted on 11/05/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Kenya (Adopted on 11/05/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Romania (Adopted on 11/05/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Slovenia (Adopted on 11/05/2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Anti-Microbial Resistance adopted on 10-11 May 2001 |
| Opinion and reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on safety with respect to the TSE risks of collagen produced from ruminants hides, adopted on 10-11 May 2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of organic fertilisers derived from ruminants animals, adopted on 10-11 May 2001 (43KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Albania (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (18KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Brazil (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (21KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Colombia (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (19KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Cyprus (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (20KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in the Czech Republic (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (20KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Estonia (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (20KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Hungary (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (22KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in India (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (22KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Mauritius (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (19KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Pakistan (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (20KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Poland (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (18KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Singapore (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (20KB) updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in the Slovak Republic (Adopted on 30/03/2001) (19KB) updated |
| Safety of milk with regard to TSE: State of affairsSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a second UK animal born after 1 August 1996 (Case confirmed in Northern Ireland) adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 29-30 March |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the scientific basis for import bans proposed by Austria with regard to BSE risks in Germany and France adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 29-30 March |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on pre-emptive risk assessment should BSE in small ruminants be found under domestic conditions (adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 8-9 February 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Botswana adopted on 09/02/2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Lithuania adopted on 09/02/2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Namibia adopted on 09/02/2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Nicaragua adopted on 09/02/2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Swaziland adopted on 09/02/2001 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the questions submitted by EC services following a request of 4 December 2000 by the EU Council of Agricultural Ministers regarding the safety with regard to BSE of certain bovine tissues and certain animal-derived products (adopted on 12 January 2001) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) in Uruguay adopted on 12/01/ |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on harmonisation of risk assessment procedures (adopted on 26-27 October 2000) |
| Opinion on:Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• Monitoring some important aspects of the evolution of the Epidemic of BSE in Great-Britain Update providing an epidemiological commentary on BSE projections for Great Britain (GB) and on surveillance, as well as on the occurrence of "Born After the Real Ban - BARB" cases adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 7-8 December |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Scientific Steering Committee (1) on the scientific basis for import bans proposed by 3 Member States with regard to BSE risks in France and the Republic of Ireland; (2) on the scientific basis for several measures proposed by France with regard to BSE risks; (3) and on the scientific basis for banning animal protein from the feed for all farmed animals, including pig, poultry, fish and pet animals. (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 27-28 November 2000) (74 |
Scientific opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on "The proposal for controlled use of ruminant SRMs as feed for fur animals in Finland" (27 October 2000) (45 |
Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - Risk Assessment in a rapidly evolving field: the case of Genetically Modified Plants (GMP) - (Expressed on 26/27 October 2000) (105 |
StrategiesSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• for dealing with emerging and re-emerging scientific issues that have the potential to impact human health, directly or mediated through the environment - Opinion adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 26-27 October 2000 (114 |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• and report on the safety of dicalcium phosphate precipitated from ruminant bones and used as an animal feed additive - Adopted on 26 June 1998, following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 15 May 1998 (Report updated at the SSC meeting of 26-27 October 2000) (73 |
The safe handling, transport and temporary storage of meat-and-bone meal which may be contaminated with a BSE agent or other pathogensSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - s adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 26-27 October |
StatementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Scientific Steering Committee on its Report and Scientific Opinion on mammalian derived meat and bone meal forming a cross-contaminant of animal feedstuffs, adopted on 24-25 September 1998, adopted at the SSC meeting of 26-27 October |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Implications of the Houston et al paper in The Lancet of 16 September 2000 on the Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep. (The Lancet, Vol. 356, pp 999-1000; 955-956; 1013) (50 |
Report and Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on EXPORT FROM THE UK OF BONE-IN VEAL - Adopted by The Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 14-15 September 2000 (42 |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on BSE-related culling in Cattle - Adopted at the meeting of 14/15 September 2000 (102 |
| Final opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Geographical Risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (GBR) - Adopted on 6 July 2000 (312 |
| Preliminary and incomplete notesSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safe handling, transport and storage of MBM and other bovine derived materials which may be contaminated with the BSE agent or other pathogens - Draft for comments compiled by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 25-26 May |
| ConsiderationsSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of amino acids from human hair hydrolysate used in cosmetic products for topical application, with regard to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy risks: adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 25-26 May |
| StatementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on: Scientific advice to the Commission from its scientific committees, with special reference to the Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) and its interdisciplinary advice on TSE/ BSE adopted on 26 May |
| Integrated comment and remarksSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the White Paper on Food Safety (28 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - Oral exposure of Humans to the BSE agent : infective dose and species barrier adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 following a public consultation via Internet between 6 and 27 March 2000 (79 |
Preliminary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Quantitative Risk Assessment on the Use of the Vertebral Column for the production of Gelatine and Tallow submitted to the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 This report was open for public comments until 10 June 2000 . (80 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on specified risk materials of small ruminants (Follow-up to the SSC opinion of 24-25 September 1998 on the Risk of Infection of Sheep and Goats with BSE agent) adopted at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 (78 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Quantitative Risk Assessment on the Use of the Vertebral Column for the production of Gelatine and Tallow adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 (22 |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the UK decision to lift the ban on the consumption of meat on the bone adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 (50 |
| Report and OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Criteria for diagnosis of clinical and pre-clinical TSE disease in sheep and for differential biochemical diagnosis of TSE agent strains adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 (84 |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Safety of ruminant blood with respect to TSE risks adopted by the SSC at its meeting of 13-14 April 2000 (244 |
Preliminary opinion - Oral exposure of humans to the BSE agent: Infective dose and species barrierSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 2-3 March 2000 (155 THIS OPINION WAS OPEN FOR PUBLIC COMMENTS UNTIL 27 MARCH |
| BSE :Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• extract from the minutes of the Scientific Steering Committee of 2-3 March |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Scientific Steering Committee on a method for assessing the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of a country or region (up-date, January 2000) (44 |
| Scientific report and opinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of gelatine - Updated by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 20-21 January 2000 updated |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Human Exposure Risk (HER) via food with respect to BSE - Adopted on 10 December |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Scientific Grounds of the Advice of 30 September 1999 of the French Food Safety Agency (the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, AFSSA), to the French Government on the Draft Decree amending the Decree of 28 October 1998 establishing specific measures applicable to certain products of bovine origin exported from the United Kingdom. Adopted at its meeting of 28-29 October 1999 (edited following a written procedure (30.10 - 15.11.99) and re-edited at the SSC meeting of 9-10 December 1999) |
| Intra-Species Recycling - Opinion on :Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• the risk born by recycling animal by-products as feed with regard to propagating TSE in non-ruminant farmed animals. Adopted on 17 September |
| Scientific ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the risks of non conventional Transmissible agents conventional infectious agents or other hazards such as toxic substances entering the human food or animal feed chains via raw material from fallen stock and dead animals (including also: ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish, wild/exotic/zoo animals, fur animals, cats, laboratory animals and fish) or via condemned materials. Submitted to the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 June 1999 (Containing updates, 13.07.99) |
| The policy of breeding and genotyping of sheep, i.e.Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• The issue whether sheep should be bred to be resistant to scrapie, adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 22-23 July |
| Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the conditions related to "BSE Negligible risk (closed) bovine herds" adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 22-23 July |
| Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the risks of non conventional transmissible agents, conventional infectious agents or other hazards such as toxic substances entering the human food or animal feed chains via raw material from fallen stock and dead animals (including also: ruminants, pigs, poultry, fish, wild/exotic/zoo animals, fur animals, cats, laboratory animals and fish) or via condemned materials (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 June 1999) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Antimicrobial Resistance - 28 May |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Monitoring some important aspects of the evolution of the Epidemic of BSE in Great-Britain (Status, April 1999) adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 27-28 May |
| Surveillance of TSEs in sheep and goatSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• in relation to the risk of infection with bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent and related actions to be taken at EU level |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on a method to assess the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Countries or Regions |
| StatementSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the SEAC Subgroup report on Research and surveillance for tses in sheep, released in April 1999. Adopted at the SSC meeting of 22-23 April |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the possible vertical transmission of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 18-19 March |
| EvaluationSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the "133°/20'/3 bars heat/pressure conditions" for the production of gelatine regarding its equivalency with commonly used industrial gelatine production processes in terms of its capacity of inactivating/eliminating possible TSE infectivity in the raw material. Report and Opinion adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 21-22 January |
| Preliminary-opinion on a method to assess the geographical BSE-Risk of Countries or Regions (adopted on 10 December 1998, open for comments until 15 January 1999) partSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN•••, partSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN•••, partSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of bones produced as by-product of the Date Based Export Scheme adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 22-23 October |
| Report and Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of hydrolysed proteins produced from bovine hides. adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 22-23 October |
| Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of organic fertilisers derived from mammalian animals, adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 September |
| Report and Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on mammalian derived meat and bone meal forming a cross-contaminant of animal feedstuffs adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 September |
| Updated scientific reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of meat-and-bone meal derived from mammalian animals fed to non-ruminant food producing farm animals. Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 24-25 September |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on The risk of infection of sheep and goats with Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy agent. Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 24-25 September 1998. |
| Listing of Specified Risk Materials:Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• a scheme for assessing relative risks to man - Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee adopted on 9 December 1997 (Re-edited version adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee during its Third Plenary Session of 22-23 January 1998) |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on possible links between BSE and Organophosphates used as pesticides against ecto- and endoparasites in cattle - Report and opinion adopted at the Scientific Steering Committee meeting of 25-26 June |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on possible health effects from exposure to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz- 300 GHz) - Report and opinion adopted at the meeting of the Scientific Steering Committee of 25-26 June |
| The safety of Dicalcium PhosphateSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• precipitated from ruminant bones and used as an animal feed additive - Report and opinion adopted at the meeting of the Scientific Steering Committee of 25-26 June 1998, following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 14-15 May |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on BSE risk Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its plenary meeting of 26-27 March 1998, following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 19-20 February |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of tallow derived from ruminant tissues - Adopted at the Scientific Steering Committee meeting of 26-27 March 1998, Following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 19-20 February |
Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - The safety of meat and bone meal from mammalian animals, naturally or experimentally susceptible to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 26-27 March 1998 following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 19-20 February 1998 (Version updated on 3.04.98) AMENDED VERSION |
OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Safety of Gelatine adopted at the Scientific Steering Committee at its plenary meeting of 26-27 March 1998 following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 19-20 February 1998 (Version updated on 3.04.98) AMENDED VERSION |
| OpinionsSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 19-20 February |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on defining the BSE risk for specified geographical areas - 23 January |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on The UK Date Based Export Scheme and the UK proposal on Compulsory Slaughter of the Offspring of BSE Cases |
Minutes
Reports
| OverviewSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the BSE risk assessments of the European Commissions Scientific Steering Committee (SSC)and its TSE/BSE ad hoc Group (1803KB) NEW |
| The assessmentSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the geographical risk of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy carried out worldwide by the European Commissions Scientific Steering Committee |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Setting The Scientific Frame For The Inclusion of New Quality of Life Concerns in The Risk Assessment Process |
| The Second ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Harmonisation of Risk Assessment Procedures: |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Uruguay 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Paraguay 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Lithuania 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Republic of North Macedonia 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Estonia 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Cyprus 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Costa Rica 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Chile 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Brazil 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Belarus 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Argentina 2003 ( 10 April 2003) |
| Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the ecological risk assessment of chemicals (adopted by the scientific steering committee at its meeting of 6-7 march 2003) |
| Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the risk assessment for animal populations with emphasis on wild life (adopted by the scientific steering committee at its meeting of 6-7 march 2003) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Chronic Wasting Disease and tissues that might carry a risk for human food and animal feed chains |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Singapore 2003 ( March 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of New Caledonia 2003 ( March 2003) |
Final Report :Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• Risk assessment of food borne bacterial pathogens : Quantitative methodology relevant for human exposure assessment (Adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its Plenary Meeting 16-17 January 2003) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Greece 2002 ( December 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of the Principality of Andorra 2002 ( December 2002) |
| Preliminary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the ecological risk assessment of chemicals discussed by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 November 2002 |
| Preliminary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the risk assessment for animal populations discussed by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 November 2002 |
| Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of New Zealand - 2002, 07 November 2002 |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of sheep intestine and natural casings derived therefrom in regard to risks from animal TSE and BSE in particular. Report prepared for the TSE/BSE ad hoc group of the Scientific Steering Committee, 7 may 2002 |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Israel 2002 ( September 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Malta 2002 ( September 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Slovenia 2002 ( September 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Vanuatu 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Turkey 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of the Republic of San Marino 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Latvia 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Iceland 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Croatia 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Final ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Bulgaria 2002 ( June 2002) |
| Preliminary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on scientific quality of life criteria in risk benefit assessment ( discussed by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 16 may 2002) The Commission services invited comments from interested parties before 31 August 2002 |
| Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Finland - 2002 (May 2002) |
| Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the updated assessment of the Geographical BSE-Risk (GBR) of Austria - 2002 (May 2002) |
| Preliminary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on Risk assessment of food borne bacterial pathogens: Quantitative methodology relevant for human exposure assessment The Commission services invited interested parties for their comments before 31 August 2002. |
| Report onSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN•••: The additional safeguard provided by different culling schemes under the current conditions in the United Kingdom and Germany (prepared by the TSE/BSE ad hoc group as basis for adopting an opinion by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 10-11 january 2002) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of El Salvador (June 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Nigeria (June 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Panama (June 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Costa Rica (May 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Kenya (May 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Romania (May 2001) |
Final reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Slovenia (May 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Albania (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Brazil (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Colombia (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Cyprus (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of the Czech Republic (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Estonia (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Hungary (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of India (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Mauritius (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Pakistan (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Poland (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Singapore (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of the Slovak Republic (March 2001) |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Botswana |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Lithuania |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Namibia |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Nicaragua |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Swaziland |
ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Uruguay |
First report on the harmonisation of risk assessment procedures PartSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• : The Report of the Scientific Steering Committee's Working Group on Harmonisation of Risk Assessment Procedures in the Scientific Committees advising the European Commission in the area of human and environmental health - 26-27 October 2000 (642KB)) PartSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• : Appendices - 26-27 October 2000 |
| Report on:Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• Monitoring Some Important aspects of the evolution of the Epidemic of BSE in Great-Britain, Update providing an epidemiological commentary on BSE projections for Great Britain (GB) and on surveillance, as well as on the occurrence of "Born After the Real Ban - BARB" cases (Submitted by the TSE/BSE ad hoc Group to the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 7-8 December 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Austria (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Belgium (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Denmark (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Finland (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of France (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Germany (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Ireland (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Italy (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Luxembourg (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of The Netherlands (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Portugal (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Spain (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Sweden (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of United Kingdom (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Argentina (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Australia (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Canada (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Chile (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of New Zealand (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Norway (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Paraguay (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of Switzerland (July 2000) |
| ReportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the Assessment of the Geographical BSE - Risk of USA (July 2000) |
| Updated Report and Scientific OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of hydrolysed proteins produced from bovine hides. Initially adopted by the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 22-23 October 1998 and updated at its meeting of 25-26 May |
| Summary reportSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• based on the meetings of 14 and 25 october 1999 of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group of the Scientific Steering Committee on the Scientific Grounds of the advice of 30 September 1999 of the French Food Safety Agency (the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, AFSSA), to the French Government on the Draft Decree amending the Decree of 28 October 1998 establishing specific measures applicable to certain products of bovine origin exported from the United Kingdom. (Adopted and edited following a written procedure - 26.10-16.11.99) |
| Report onSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• The Risk Born by Recycling Animal By-Products as Feed with Regard to Propagating TSE's in Non-ruminant Farmed Animals. Prepared by a Working Group for the Scientific Steering Committee as an input in the elaboration of the opinion on the same subject adopted on 16-17 September |
| The possible vertical transmission of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)Search for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• - Report of the working group submitted to the Scientific Steering Committee at its meeting of 18-19 march |
| OpinionSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• on the safety of tallow derived from ruminant tissues - Adopted at the Scientific Steering Committee meeting of 26-27 March 1998, following a public consultation on the preliminary opinion adopted on 19-20 February 1998 (Report of the Working Group updated at the SSC meeting of 10-11 December 1998) |
Agenda
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 10-11 April 2003 updated |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 6-7 March 2003 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 16-17 January 2003 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 05-06 December 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 07-08 November 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 12-13 September 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 27-28 June 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 16-17 May 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 4-5 April 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 20-21 February 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 10-11 January 2002 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 29-30 November 2001 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 18-19 October 2001 |
| Draft agendaSearch for available translations of the preceding linkEN••• of the Meeting of 6-7 September 2001 |
| Draft agenda of the Meeting of 28-29 June |
| Draft agenda of the Meeting of 10-11 May |
| Draft agenda of the Meeting of 29-30 March |
| Draft agenda of the Meeting of 8-9 February |
| Draft agenda of the Meeting of 11-12 January |
Draft agenda of the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 28-29 June 1. Welcome, apologies, introductory remarks, declaration of interest. 2. Approval of the agenda 3. Approval of the minutes of the meeting of 10-11 May 4. Procedural matters a. Membership of the TSE/BSE ad hoc Group; b. Planning of activities and priorities. 5. Multidisciplinary matters: a. Co-ordination: Reports of the Chairmen of the 8 Scientific Committees; b. Harmonisation of risk assessment methods: - Progress report on Task Force activities; - Common format for opinions; - Glossary of terms. c. Safety of cotton (for opinion); d. Emerging scientific issues (progress reports); e. New questions (if any). 6. Multidisciplinary matters relating to TSE/BSE 6.1. Report by the chairman of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group meeting of 20 June 6.2. Reports on specific issues: a. Safety of intestine-associated adipose tissues (for opinion); b. The risk of dissemination of brain particles into the blood and carcass when applying certain slaughter methods (for opinion) c. Safety of tallow (for opinion) d Safety of gelatine (progress report / for opinion) e. Geographical BSE of a number of Third Countries (for opinion). f. Treatment and disposal of animal waste by alkaline hydrolysis at elevated temperature; g. Progress report on pending questions:
h. New questions submitted by Commission Services (if any). 7. Info on the follow-up given to the opinions adopted at the previous SSC meeting. 8. Information by the Commission services on matters related to consumer health. 9. Any other business. Draft agenda of the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 10-11 May 1. Welcome, apologies, introductory remarks, declaration of interest. 2. Approval of the agenda 3. Approval of the minutes of the meeting of 29-30 March 4. Procedural matters a. Membership of the TSE/BSE ad hoc Group; b. Planning of activities and priorities. 5. Multidisciplinary matters: a. Co-ordination: Reports of the Chairmen of the 8 Scientific Committees; b. Harmonisation of risk assessment methods: - Progress report on Task Force activities; - Common format for opinions; - Glossary of terms. c. Safety of cotton (draft opinion); d. Emerging scientific issues (progress reports); e. New questions (if any). f. 6 th Framework Programme for Research 6. Multidisciplinary matters relating to TSE/BSE 6.1. Report by the chairman of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group meeting of 26 April 6.2. Reports on specific issues: a. Geographical BSE Risk: update and draft opinions on the GBR of a number of Third Countries. b. Safety of tallow (progress report) c. Safety of collagen (draft opinion) d. Frame for the evaluation of proposals for alternative ways of disposal (J.Bridges & secretariat); e. Progress report on pending questions
- Safety of gelatine; - SRMs. f. New questions: - Questions in relation to the safety of human-derived products and medical devices, with regard to TSEs - The auto-immune hypothesis: need for an update? - Determination of appropriate heat treatment of animal meal - inventory of other recently submitted questions (if any). 7. Info on the follow-up given to the opinions adopted at the previous SSC meeting. 8. Information by the Commission services on matters related to consumer health. 9. Any other business. Draft agenda of the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 29-30 March 1. Welcome, apologies, introductory remarks, declaration of interest. 2. Approval of the agenda 3. Approval of the minutes of the meeting of 8-9 February 2001 4. Procedural matters a. Rules of procedure; b. Membership of the TSE/BSE ad hoc Group 5. Multidisciplinary matters: a. Co-ordination: Reports of the Chairmen of the 8 Scientific Committees; b. Harmonisation of risk assessment methods; c. Safety of cotton (progress report); d. Emerging scientific issues (progress reports); e. New questions. 6. Multidisciplinary matters relating to TSE/BSE 6.1. Report by the chairman of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group meeting of 15 March 6.2. Reports on specific issues: a. Geographical BSE Risk: Update b. Geographical BSE Risk (GBR): possible adoption of an opinion on the GBR of a number of Third Countries. c. safety of tallow. d. Progress report on pending questions:
e. New questions: - Correspondence matrix of BSE risk levels 7. Info on the follow-up given to the opinions adopted at the previous SSC meeting. 8. Information by the Commission services on matters related to consumer health. 9. Any other business. Draft agenda of the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 8-9 February 1. Welcome, apologies, introductory remarks, declaration of interest. 2. Approval of the agenda 3. Approval of the minutes of the meeting of 11-12 January 2001 4. Multidisciplinary matters: a. Co-ordination: Reports of the Chairmen of the 8 Scientific Committees b. Harmonisation of risk assessment methods. c. Safety of cotton (progress report) d. Emerging scientific issues (progress reports from task forces, working groups and scientific committees) e. New questions 5. Multidisciplinary matters relating to TSE/BSE 5.1. Report by the chairman of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group meeting of 1 February 5.2. Reports on specific issues: a. Pre-emptive opinion on risk scenarios, should BSE in sheep be found under natural conditions. Monitoring of research results on experimental BSE in small ruminants. b. Update and possible adoption of an opinion on the GBR of a number of Third Countries. c. Progress report on pending questions:
d. New questions: safety of tallow 6. Info on the follow-up given to the opinions adopted at the previous SSC meeting. 7. Information by the Commission services on matters related to consumer health. 8. Any other business. Draft agenda of the Scientific Steering Committee Meeting of 11-12 January (items marked with an asterix (*) are priority) 1. Welcome, apologies, introductory remarks, declaration of interest. 2. Approval of the agenda 3. Approval of the minutes of the meeting of 7-8 December 4. Multidisciplinary matters: a. Co-ordination: Reports of the Chairmen of the 8 Scientific Committees b. Harmonisation of risk assessment methods: (draft) mandate for a task force. c. Safety of cotton (progress report) d. Emerging scientific issues (progress reports from task forces, working groups and scientific committees) *e. New questions 5. Multidisciplinary matters relating to TSE/BSE 5.1. * Report by the chairman of the TSE/BSE ad-hoc group meeting of 4 January 5.2. Reports on specific issues: Questions resulting from the Council of Ministers meeting of 4 December 2000: *a. Safety of bovine vertebral column and T-bone-steaks. *b. Safety of bovine thymus and spleen. *c. Safety of bovine rendered fats. *d. Safety of hydrolysed proteins (all sources). e. Safety of ruminant-derived mechanically recovered meat (MRM). f. BSE epidemiology (survey methods). Geographical BSE-risk. g. Update Other issues: *h. Pre-emptive opinion on risk scenarios, should BSE in sheep be found under natural conditions. Monitoring of research results on experimental BSE in small ruminants. 6. Info on the follow-up given to the opinions adopted at the previous SSC meeting. 7. Information by the Commission services on matters related to consumer health. 8. Any other business. |
MONDAY, JULY 27, 2020
BSE Inquiry DFA's a review
OIE Bulletin
Camel prion disease: a possible emerging disease in dromedary camel populations?
The identification of a new prion disease in dromedary camels in Algeria and Tunisia, called camel prion disease (CPD), extends the spectrum of animal species naturally susceptible to prion diseases and opens up new research areas for investigation.
Camel prion disease was identified in 2018 in adult camels showing clinical signs at the ante mortem inspection at slaughterhouses in the region of Ouargla (Algeria), and in 2019 in the region of Tataouine (Tunisia). It adds to the group of existing animal prion diseases, including scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids and BSE (mainly in bovines). The detection of a new prion disease in the dromedary population requires attention and investigation needs to be carried out to assess the risks of this disease to animal and public health. As of today, very limited epidemiological information is available to assess the prevalence, geographical distribution and dynamic of the transmission of the disease.
Based on the clinical signs suggesting prion disease, CPD seems to have occurred in 3.1% of the dromedaries brought to the abattoir in Ouargla. Pathognomonic neurodegeneration and disease specific prion protein (PrPSc) were detected in brain tissue from three symptomatic animals (source:
In May 2019, the OIE received a report from Tunisia on a single case of a 12-year-old slaughtered dromedary camel showing neurological signs confirmed as CPD by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) based in Italy.
©B. Babelhadj/University Kasdi Merbah, Algeria
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Is camel prion disease transmissible in natural conditions?
The involvement of lymphoid tissue in prion replication, observed both in the Algeria and Tunisia cases, is suggestive of a peripheral pathogenesis, which is thought to be a prerequisite for prion shedding into the environment. As with other animal prion diseases, such as scrapie and CWD, in which lymphoid tissues are extensively involved and horizontal transmission occurs efficiently under natural conditions, the detection of prion proteins in lymph nodes is suggestive of the infectious nature of CPD and concurs to hypothesise the potential impact of CPD on animal health. No evidence is currently available with which to argue for the relevance of CPD for human health. However, no absolute species barrier exists in prion diseases and minimising the exposure of humans to prion-infected animal products is an essential aspect of public health protection. As for the relationship between CPD and other animal prion diseases, preliminary analyses suggest that CPD prions have a different molecular signature from scrapie and BSE.
Actions on the follow up of CPD
Since the first description of CPD, the OIE promoted discussions on the impact of this new disease through the OIE Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases (Scientific Commission). The Scientific Commission consulted two OIE ad hoc Groups, one on BSE risk status evaluation of Members and the other on camelids. It analysed the information available from the Algeria and Tunisia cases to evaluate if CPD should be considered an ‘emerging disease’ based on the criteria listed in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code1 .
The OIE Scientific Commission noted that limited surveillance data were available on the prevalence of CPD and that the evidence was not sufficient to measure, at that time, the impact of the disease on animal or public health. Therefore, it was concluded that, with the current knowledge, CPD did not currently meet the criteria to be considered an emerging disease. Nonetheless, it was emphasised that CPD should be considered as a new disease not to be overlooked and called for the collection of further scientific evidence through research and surveillance in the affected countries and in countries with dromedary camel populations to measure the impact of the disease. As new scientific evidence becomes available, the OIE Scientific Commission will reassess whether this disease should be considered as an emerging disease.
The worldwide camel population is ~35 million head (FAO, 2019), 88% of which is found in Africa. The camel farming system is evolving rapidly, and these animals represent vital sources of meat, milk and transportation for millions of people living in the most arid regions of the world. This makes it necessary to assess the risk for animal and human health and to develop evidence-based policies to control and limit the spread of the disease in animals, and to minimise human exposure. As a first step, the awareness of Veterinary Services about CPD and its diagnostic capacity needs to be improved in all countries where dromedaries are part of the domestic livestock.
At the regional level, CPD was first discussed in the 18th Joint Permanent Committee of the Mediterranean Animal Health Network (REMESA) held in Cairo, Egypt, in June 2019 where an expert 1 a new occurrence in an animal of a disease, infection or infestation, causing a significant impact on animal or public health resulting from a) a change of a known pathogenic agent or its spread to a new geographic area or species, or b) a previously unrecognised pathogenic agent or disease diagnosed for the first time www.oiebulletin.com
3
from ISS, Italy, shared the knowledge available on the new disease with the 15 REMESA Member Countries. The discussion highlighted the need to strengthen surveillance systems in order to collect epidemiological data to inform the risk assessments. The results of these risk assessments will support the implementation of evidence-based policies to manage the risks in both animals and humans.
CPD was recently discussed atthe 15thConference of the OIE Regional Commission for the Middle East in November. During this conference, the CAMENET (Camel Middle East Network) launched a wide ranging proposal for training, coordinated surveillance and research on CPD. In addition, the ERFAN (Enhancing Research for Africa Network), a platform aimed at enhancing scientific cooperation between Africa and Italy, during its 2nd ERFAN meeting for North Africa, presented a project on CPD with the objective of increasing CPD coordinated surveillance in North Africa.
The OIE, through its Reference Laboratories for prion diseases, and by involving the above scientific initiatives, is keeping a close watch on the evolution of the disease to gather scientific evidence and to allow a proper and more thorough assessment of the risk associated with this novel disease.
◼ December 2019
TUESDAY, MAY 31, 2022
USA Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE: description of typical and atypical cases
TUESDAY, MAY 24, 2022
Texas Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update Singeltary FOIA Request Received May 23, 2022
FRIDAY, DECEMBER 24, 2021
***> Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease CJD TSE Prion Update December 25, 2021 <***
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2021
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Very Young Person Singeltary Reply 2021
TUESDAY, JUNE 07, 2022
Clinical and prognostic features of Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease: A retrospective case series study
***> Of a total of 85 CJD cases, 20 (24%) Heidenhain cases (11 women [55%]; median age, 64 years [range, 44–72 years]) were identified.
WOW!
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
3:46 PM
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