COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK and CWD 2009-2012 a review
COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK and CWD 2009-2012 a
review
COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK 2011
The Committee met on October 2, 2011 at the Adams Mark Hotel in Buffalo,
New York from 12:30-5:3 0p.m. There were 25 members and 31 guests present. Dr.
John Fischer presided as acting chair for the Committee due to unavoidable
conflicts of Drs. Miller and Hilsenroth. Bovine TB
snip...
USDA-APHIS-VS Chronic Wasting Disease National Program
Patrice N. Klein of USDA APHIS VS – National Center for Animal Health
Programs provided an update on the agency’s CWD–related activities:
CWD Rule Update: The amended final rule on chronic wasting disease (CWD) is
currently in departmental clearance. The rule will set minimum standards for
interstate movement and establish the national
___voluntary___
Herd Certification Program (HCP). Farmed/captive cervid surveillance
testing: Through FY2010, VS conducted surveillance testing on approximately
20,000 farmed /captive cervids by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) standard
protocol. As of September 15, 2011, approximately 19,000 farmed /captive cervids
were tested by IHC for CWD with funding to cover lab costs provided through
NVSL.
Farmed/captive cervid CWD status: The CWD positive captive white-tailed
deer (WTD) herd reported in Missouri (February 2010) was indemnified and
depopulation activities were completed in June 2011. All depopulated animals
were tested for CWD and no additional CWD positive animals were found.
In FY 2011, CWD was reported in two captive elk herds in Nebraska
(December, 2010 and April 2011, respectively). To date, 52 farmed/captive cervid
herds have been identified in 11 states: CO, KS, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NY, OK, SD,
WI. Thirty-nine were elk herds and 13 were WTD herds. At this time, eight CWD
positive herds remain – six elk herds in Colorado and the two elk herds in
Nebraska.
Wild Cervid surveillance: In FY 2009 funding supported surveillance in
approximately 74,330 wild cervids in 47 cooperating States. Wild cervid CWD
surveillance totals are pending for fiscal year 2010 (2010 – 2011 calendar year)
due to seasonal surveillance activities and completion of final cooperative
agreement reporting to APHIS.
In fiscal year 2011, there are 15 ‘tier 1’ States, 20 ‘tier 2’ States, and
15 ‘tier 3’ States. Two new ‘tier 1’ States, Minnesota and Maryland, were added
in fiscal year 2011 based on the new CWD detections in a free-ranging
white-tailed deer in southeastern Minnesota and in western Maryland.
Consequently, Delaware was upgraded to ‘tier 2’ status as an adjacent State to
Maryland. For FY 2011, 45 States and 32 Tribes will receive cooperative
agreement funds to complete wild cervid surveillance and other approved work
plan activities. Based on FY 2012 projected budget reductions, future
cooperative agreement funds will be eliminated.
APHIS CWD Funding: In FY2011, APHIS received approximately $15.8 million in
appropriated funding for the CWD Program. The President’s FY 2012 budget
proposes to reduce program funding for CWD by $13.9 million, leaving the program
with a request of $1.925 million to provide some level of Federal coordination
for the national herd certification program (HCP).
Consequently, APHIS is planning to amend its role in the program to one of
Federal coordination. Based on the projected FY 2012 budget, funding for CWD
cooperative agreements and indemnity funding for States and Tribes will be
eliminated. Under this scenario, the States or cervid industry producers will
likely be responsible for the costs of surveillance testing and indemnity for
appraisal, depopulation, and disposal of CWD-positive animals.
Commodity Health Line Structure: In the FY 2012 budget, livestock
commodities regulated by USDA have been organized into ‘Commodity Health Line’
structures or groupings. APHIS’ Equine, Cervid and Small Ruminant (ECSR) Health
line supports efforts to protect the health and thereby improve the quality and
productivity of the equine, cervid and small ruminant industries. Activities
supported by the ECSR Health line range from monitoring and surveillance to
investigation and response actions undertaken when health issues relevant to the
industry are identified. APHIS also maintains regulations and program standards
which guide ECSR activities at both the Federal and State/Tribal level.
The ECSR Health line funds essential activities necessary to maintain
current ECSR surveillance and program operations while providing the flexibility
to respond to new and emerging industry-specific health concerns. APHIS’ current
activities include Scrapie, Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), Slaughter Horse
Transport, and Brucellosis/Tuberculosis in cervids. Overall, APHIS will use
funding from the ECSR Health Line Item to support Agency efforts in the
following mission areas: prevention, preparedness and communication; monitoring,
surveillance and detection; response and containment; and continuity of
business, mitigation and recovery
Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National
Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie
and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the
opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion
diseases. We inoculated white-tailed deer intracranially (IC) and by a natural
route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal inoculation) with a US scrapie
isolate. All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc
accumulation and those necropsied after 20 months post-inoculation (PI) (3/5)
had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of
PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. A single deer that was necropsied at 15.6
months PI did not have clinical signs, but had widespread distribution of PrPSc.
This highlights the facts that 1) prior to the onset of clinical signs PrPSc is
widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues and 2) currently used
diagnostic methods are sufficient to detect PrPSc prior to the onset of clinical
signs. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the
manifestation of CWD and scrapie in white-tailed deer after IC inoculation
including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical
signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation
time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from
the obex region have a molecular profile consistent with CWD and distinct from
tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic
and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions
expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were
not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of
immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural
route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie. Deer
developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied
from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by
IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil,
retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and
spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer
inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern
similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.
Committee Business:
The Committee discussed and approved three resolutions regarding CWD. They
can be found in the report of the Reswolutions Committee. Essentially the
resolutions urged USDA-APHIS-VS to:
Continue to provide funding for CWD testing of captive cervids
• Finalize and publish the national CWD rule for Herd Certification and
Interstate Movement
• Evaluate live animal test, including rectal mucosal biopsy, for CWD in
cervids
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
The proposed rule for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Herd Certification and
Interstate Movement of Captive Cervids in farmed cervidae requires that all
farmed cervidae greater than 12 months of age that die or are slaughtered must
be tested for CWD. Farmed cervidae producers across the nation have complied
with testing requirements, in large part because laboratory costs for CWD
testing have traditionally been paid with United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) funds.
The CWD testing protocol that is recommended for farmed cervidae is the
immunohistochemistry (IHC) test using formalin fixed samples of brain stem and
retropharyngeal lymph node from each animal. It is the most sensitive and
specific test for detecting CWD. The test is expensive and costs at least $25.00
per slide to perform at USDA approved laboratories.
There is an urgency to maintain USDA funding to cover the costs of CWD
testing for farmed cervidae. If USDA funding for CWD tests ends and farmed
cervidae producers are forced to cover the cost of such tests, there is a real
possibility that producer compliance with CWD testing requirements will
decrease. Without producer cooperation, the national CWD control program for
farmed cervidae could collapse.
RESOLUTION:
The United States Animal Health Association urges the United States
Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Veterinary Services to continue to provide funding to cover the laboratory costs
of testing farmed cervidae for Chronic Wasting Disease by immunohistochemistry
at all approved laboratories.
INTERIM RESPONSE:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services (VS) recognizes the concerns of
the United States Animal Health Association (USAHA) and appreciates the
opportunity to respond.
Resolution 14 / pg 2
In fiscal year 2012, the congressional appropriation for the chronic
wasting disease (CWD) program was reduced by $13.9 million, to approximately
$1.9 million. Consequently, VS no longer has funds to cover testing costs for
farmed cervids. Laboratories and industry were informed that this funding ended
on December 31, 2011; all such costs must now be borne by the producers. VS will
continue to cover only confirmatory testing on any presumptive CWD positive
samples from farmed and wild cervidae at the National Veterinary Services
Laboratories.
VS will direct remaining program funds to the publication of the CWD final
rule and the administrative costs associated with implementation of the national
CWD herd certification program.
UNITED STATES ANIMAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION
115th Annual Meeting
September 29- October 5, 2011
Buffalo, New York
_________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION NUMBER: 15 APPROVED
SOURCE: COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK
SUBJECT MATTER: CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE HERD CERTIFICATION AND INTERSTATE
MOVEMENT FINAL RULE
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Implementation of rules for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) that define the
CWD herd certification program (9 CFR 55 Subpart B) and requirements for
interstate movement of farmed cervidae (9 CFR 81) has been delayed since 2006.
There is an urgency to finalize these rules to ensure that CWD certification
programs are uniformly administered in all states and that all farmed cervidae
that move from state to state meet the same requirements. These rules are
critically important to the survival of the farmed cervidae industry. These
rules are needed to preserve the ability of producers to move farmed cervidae
and their products interstate and internationally without unnecessary
restrictions.
RESOLUTION:
The United States Animal Health Association urges the United States
Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Veterinary Services to finalize rules for Chronic Wasting Disease herd
certification programs (9 CFR 55 Subpart B) and interstate movement of farmed
cervidae (9 CFR 81).
INTERIM RESPONSE:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service, Veterinary Services appreciates your interest in the
rulemaking for chronic wasting disease (CWD).
The CWD amended final rule was cleared by USDA and is in clearance in the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Once OMB clearance is completed, the CWD
amended rule would become effective 60 days after its publication.
UNITED STATES ANIMAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION
115th Annual Meeting
September 29- October 5, 2011
Buffalo, New York
_________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION NUMBER: 16 APPROVED
SOURCE: COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK
SUBJECT MATTER: LIVE ANIMAL TESTING FOR CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in live animals is an important
component of CWD Prevention and Control Programs.
With the funding decrease for CWD indemnification, the need has increased
for additional diagnostic tools to monitor CWD positive herds and
epidemiologically linked herds that may be maintained in quarantine rather than
depopulated. The use of recto-anal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT)
has been approved as a live animal test for Scrapie. There have been numerous
studies evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of RAMALT in cervids. There
are several additional advantages to RAMALT sampling. There is a large amount of
suitable tissue to sample and multiple sites can be sampled allowing repeat
sampling over time.
RESOLUTION:
The United States Animal Health Association requests that the United States
Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,
Veterinary Services evaluate live animal tests, including the rectal biopsy
(RAMALT), as a live animal test for Chronic Wasting Disease.
INTERIM RESPONSE:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection
Service (APHIS), Veterinary Services appreciates your interest in live animal
tests for chronic wasting disease (CWD).
APHIS is completing analysis of a multi-year study evaluating recto-anal
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy testing as a diagnostic tool
for CWD detection in captive white-tailed deer. This is a collaborative study
with APHIS Wildlife Services, Agricultural Research Service, Canadian Food
Inspection Agency, Colorado State University, and others to evaluate the
existing collective data on white-tailed deer relative to diagnostic testing and
interpretation of the immunohistochemistry test for CWD
Resolution 16 / pg 2
on rectal biopsy testing in the United States and Canada. Currently, there
is insufficient data available to evaluate this technique on other captive
Cervidae.
After this analysis is completed, APHIS will determine the applicability of
RAMALT for use in a CWD Herd Certification Program (HCP). We plan to complete
this determination by September 30, 2012. APHIS also will continue to evaluate
other live animal tests for CWD, as they are developed, to assess appropriate
use in a CWD HCP.
Friday, August 24, 2012
Diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy testing for chronic wasting
disease within white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in North America
The overall diagnostic specificity was 99.8%. Selective use of antemortem
rectal biopsy sample testing would provide valuable information during disease
investigations of CWD-suspect deer herds.
(E) Beginning one hundred-eighty days after the effective date of this
rule,
(K) All monitored captive deer, three hundred sixty-five days of age or
older which die from injury, illness, slaughter, hunting, or any other cause,
shall be reported within twenty-four hours of discovery to an approved
accredited licensed veterinarian or if not available, the Chief, Division of
Animal Health or his representative. Monitored captive deer in hunting preserves
are exempt from the twenty-four hour requirement for notification.
Monitored captive deer shall be tested for chronic wasting disease
according to the following:
(1) Herds with ten head or less must test all deaths.
(2) Herds with eleven heads or more must annually test thirty percent or
thirty head of deaths, whichever is less.
(L) The owner of all captive whitetail deer being tested for chronic
wasting disease, is responsible for arranging for the submission of the required
brain tissue and any other tissues as directed by the Chief, Division of Animal
Health or his representative, to a department approved laboratory for chronic
wasting disease testing. The submission form for CWD shall be signed by an
approved accredited licensed veterinarian and shall accompany the sample. Owners
are responsible for the cost of collecting and submitting, and testing of
samples.
The animal’s official identification tag must accompany the sample; if the
animal does not have a tag at time of death, a tag must be issued and accompany
the sample.
Q. What does the 2012 amended CWD final rule entail?
A. The interim final rule responds to the concerns raised to APHIS in 2006
and finalizes the changes to the CWD program APHIS proposed in March, 2009.
It establishes a ___voluntary___ national CWD Herd Certification Program
(HCP), providing consistent minimum standards for participating states and
minimum requirements for the interstate movement of cervids.
States that participate in the HCP must establish programs that are
approved by APHIS.
snip...
Q. What are the requirements for a State to become a CWD HCP participant?
A. States interested in having their State CWD HCP approved should submit
the required application and supporting documents to APHIS for review and
approval. Application materials should be sent to the Area Veterinarian in
Charge (AVIC) in the APHIS Veterinary Service (VS) Area Office in the requesting
State. Information provided must describe the State’s CWD prevention and control
activities, and the deer, elk, and moose herd certification activities, and cite
relevant State statutes, regulations, and directives pertaining to animal health
activities and reports and publications of the State.
This must include:
• Movement restrictions,
• Surveillance and disease reporting capabilities,
• Herd/animal identification requirements
• Diagnostic testing capacities,
• Recordkeeping and data management,
• Ability to conduct epidemiologic investigations and trace-outs
• Education and outreach Details of requirements are described in 9 CFR
Part 55.23.
Q. What must a herd owner do to become a CWD HCP participant?
A. Herd owners seeking approval to participate in their Approved State CWD
HCP should contact their State agency for information on herd owner enrollment
United States Department of Agriculture
• Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
• Safeguarding American Agriculture and State requirements. In general,
herd owners may be eligible to enroll in an Approved State CWD HCP if they:
• Add to their herds only animals that are from herds enrolled in the CWD
Herd Certification Program, to ensure that animals added to herds are of known
risk. Additions to the herd should be from other enrolled herds of equal or
greater status in the program.
• Maintain perimeter fencing adequate to prevent entry or exit of cervids,
and to minimize the possibility of CWD transmission by direct contact between
farmed and free-ranging wild cervid populations.
• Report to APHIS or the State all animals that escape or disappear, and
report to APHIS or the State all animals that die or are killed and make their
carcasses available for tissue sampling and testing. Minimum federal standards
for herd owner enrollment in their State CWD HCP are described in the 9 CFR Part
55.22.
snip...
Q. Do I have to be enrolled in an Approved State CWD HCP if the cervid
species I raise is not known to be susceptible to CWD?
A. No. The federal rule establishes federal standards for a voluntary
Approved State CWD HCP and includes cervids in the genera Cervus, Odocoileus,
and Alces and their hybrids. These genera represent cervids known to be
susceptible to CWD. Individual States may have additional requirements for other
cervid species not included in the federal rule.
never say never...tss
5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severely would likely
create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for
man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large
enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough.
Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might
be best to retain that hypothesis.
Monday, June 18, 2012
natural cases of CWD in eight Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and five Sika/red
deer crossbreeds captive Korea and Experimental oral transmission to red deer
(Cervus elaphus elaphus)
Tuesday, June 19, 2012
Experimental Oral Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease to Reindeer
(Rangifer tarandus tarandus)
USAHA Committee on Captive Wildlife and Alternative Livestock
Tuesday October 23, 2012 8:00 AM–12:00 PM
Grandover West, Sheraton Greensboro
Greensboro, North Carolina
Chronic Wasting Disease
9:00-9:30AM Review and Updates of the USDA/APHIS Veterinary Services
National CWD Program
Patrice Klein
9:30-10:00AM CWD surveillance using the RAMALT (rectal biopsy) method Bruce
Thomsen
10:00-10:30AM Break
2010
Status: CWD was detected in one captive white-tailed deer (WTD) herd in
Missouri in February 2010. To date, 50 farmed/captive cervid herds have been
identified in 11 states: CO, KS, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NY, OK, SD, WI.
Thirty-seven were elk herds and 13 were WTD herds. At this time, six CWD
positive elk herds remain in Colorado and one WTD herd remains in MO. VS has
continued to offer indemnity for appraised value of the animals and to cover
costs of depopulation, disposal, and testing of CWD-positive and exposed herds.
Indemnity is provided based on availability of federal funding.
2009
Status: Five positive farmed cervid herds were detected in FY 2009: Two
white-tailed deer herds in Wisconsin, one elk herd in Minnesota, and two elk
herds in Colorado. The Wisconsin and Minnesota facilities have been depopulated.
This brings to 47 the number of positive herds that have been identified since
1997. At this time, six positive elk herds remain in Colorado. Also, CWD was
detected at slaughter for the first time in FY 2009. VS continues to offer
indemnity and cover depopulation, disposal and testing costs for CWD-positive
and exposed herds and trace animals.
Saturday, June 09, 2012
USDA Establishes a Herd Certification Program for Chronic Wasting Disease
in the United States
CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2
Canadian provinces and in ≈ 100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in
South Korea (Figure 1, panel B).
SNIP...
Long-term effects of CWD on cervid populations and ecosystems remain
unclear as the disease continues to spread and prevalence increases. In captive
herds, CWD might persist at high levels and lead to complete herd destruction in
the absence of human culling. Epidemiologic modeling suggests the disease could
have severe effects on free-ranging deer populations, depending on hunting
policies and environmental persistence (8,9). CWD has been associated with large
decreases in free-ranging mule deer populations in an area of high CWD
prevalence (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (5).
PLEASE STUDY THIS MAP, COMPARE FARMED CWD TO WILD CWD...TSS
Saturday, February 18, 2012
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease
CDC Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2
Canadian provinces and in ≈100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in
South Korea (Figure 1, panel B).
Tuesday, June 05, 2012
Captive Deer Breeding Legislation Overwhelmingly Defeated During 2012
Legislative Session
Monday, June 11, 2012
OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing Protocol
Needs To Be Revised
Thursday, February 09, 2012
50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Monday, November 14, 2011
WYOMING Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Sunday, November 13, 2011
COLORADO CWD CJD TSE PRION REPORTING 2011
UPDATED CORRESPONDENCE FROM AUTHORS OF THIS STUDY I.E. COLBY, PRUSINER ET
AL, ABOUT MY CONCERNS OF THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THEIR FIGURES AND MY FIGURES OF
THE STUDIES ON CWD TRANSMISSION TO CATTLE ;
CWD to cattle figures CORRECTION
Greetings,
I believe the statement and quote below is incorrect ;
"CWD has been transmitted to cattle after intracerebral inoculation,
although the infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al. 2001]). This
finding raised concerns that CWD prions might be transmitted to cattle grazing
in contaminated pastures."
Please see ;
Within 26 months post inoculation, 12 inoculated animals had lost weight,
revealed abnormal clinical signs, and were euthanatized. Laboratory tests
revealed the presence of a unique pattern of the disease agent in tissues of
these animals. These findings demonstrate that when CWD is directly inoculated
into the brain of cattle, 86% of inoculated cattle develop clinical signs of the
disease.
" although the infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al.
2001]). "
shouldn't this be corrected, 86% is NOT a low rate. ...
kindest regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Thank you!
Thanks so much for your updates/comments. We intend to publish as rapidly
as possible all updates/comments that contribute substantially to the topic
under discussion.
re-Prions David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2 + Author
Affiliations
1Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 2Department of Neurology, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 Correspondence:
stanley@ind.ucsf.edu
Mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk have been reported to develop CWD. As
the only prion disease identified in free-ranging animals, CWD appears to be far
more communicable than other forms of prion disease. CWD was first described in
1967 and was reported to be a spongiform encephalopathy in 1978 on the basis of
histopathology of the brain. Originally detected in the American West, CWD has
spread across much of North America and has been reported also in South Korea.
In captive populations, up to 90% of mule deer have been reported to be positive
for prions (Williams and Young 1980). The incidence of CWD in cervids living in
the wild has been estimated to be as high as 15% (Miller et al. 2000). The
development of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing cervid PrP, and thus susceptible
to CWD, has enhanced detection of CWD and the estimation of prion titers
(Browning et al. 2004; Tamgüney et al. 2006). Shedding of prions in the feces,
even in presymptomatic deer, has been identified as a likely source of infection
for these grazing animals (Williams and Miller 2002; Tamgüney et al. 2009b). CWD
has been transmitted to cattle after intracerebral inoculation, although the
infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al. 2001]). This finding
raised concerns that CWD prions might be transmitted to cattle grazing in
contaminated pastures.
snip...
----- Original Message -----
From: David Colby To: flounder9@verizon.net
Cc: stanley@XXXXXXXX
Sent: Tuesday, March 01, 2011 8:25 AM
Subject: Re: FW: re-Prions David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2 +
Author Affiliations
Dear Terry Singeltary,
Thank you for your correspondence regarding the review article Stanley
Prusiner and I recently wrote for Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives. Dr. Prusiner
asked that I reply to your message due to his busy schedule. We agree that the
transmission of CWD prions to beef livestock would be a troubling development
and assessing that risk is important. In our article, we cite a peer-reviewed
publication reporting confirmed cases of laboratory transmission based on
stringent criteria. The less stringent criteria for transmission described in
the abstract you refer to lead to the discrepancy between your numbers and ours
and thus the interpretation of the transmission rate. We stand by our assessment
of the literature--namely that the transmission rate of CWD to bovines appears
relatively low, but we recognize that even a low transmission rate could have
important implications for public health and we thank you for bringing attention
to this matter. Warm Regards, David Colby -- David Colby, PhDAssistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering University of Delaware
====================END...TSS==============
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN Wednesday, September 08, 2010 CWD PRION
CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010
Sunday, August 19, 2012
Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk
after intracranial inoculation 2012
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research
Unit
PO-081: Chronic wasting disease in the cat— Similarities to feline
spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)
Thursday, May 31, 2012
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PRION2012 Aerosol, Inhalation transmission,
Scrapie, cats, species barrier, burial, and more
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
11:59 AM
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