NEBRASKA CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD SPREADING SLOWLY 2011 REPORT GAME FARM RANCH UPDATE
NEBRASKA CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD SPREADING SLOWLY 2011 REPORT
PLEASE NOTE THE SAMPLES TAKEN (or lack of) from 2011 to 2010, and then
compare CWD positives.
IN 2010, there were 3,660 deer tested for chronic wasting disease, with 52
testing positive.
NOW in 2011, there were 1,565 lymph node samples collected from deer taken
during the November rifle deer season, with 26 samples testing positive for CWD.
seems lack of funding for CWD and other TSE prion disease are helping fuel
the spread of this deadly agent. ...
Chronic Wasting Disease Spreading Slowly
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer appeared for the first time in
Buffalo, Custer and Holt counties. There were 1,565 lymph node samples collected
from deer taken during the November rifle deer season, with 26 samples testing
positive for CWD. Samples also were taken from 37 culled deer that showed
clinical symptoms for CWD, with one male mule deer from Garden County testing
positive. The sampling focused on central Nebraska, the leading edge of the
disease as it spreads from west to east.
Deer Disease Surveillance Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) – There was 3,660
deer tested for chronic wasting disease, with 52 testing positive. The counties
with the most positives were Sioux (12), Sheridan (seven) and Dawes and Garden
(six each).
CWD Found in Buffalo, Custer, Holt Counties
January 3, 2012
LINCOLN, Neb. – Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer has appeared for the
first time in Buffalo, Custer and Holt counties, according to the Nebraska Game
and Parks Commission.
There were 1,565 lymph node samples collected from deer taken during the
2011 November firearm deer season, with 26 samples testing positive for CWD. In
addition, samples were taken from 37 culled deer that showed clinical symptoms
for CWD, with one male mule deer from Garden County testing positive. Those
symptoms include a rough, emaciated appearance and a lack of fear of humans.
There were a record 51 positives from 3,645 samples in Nebraska in 2010.
However, the surveillance effort was reduced in 2011 due to a lack of funds. The
2011 effort focused on central Nebraska, the leading edge of the disease as it
spreads from west to east.
Game and Parks confirmed CWD in the state’s deer population in 2000. CWD is
a disease that can affect deer and elk and always is fatal to the affected
animal. Humans have never been known to contract CWD.
see full text ;
Wednesday, January 04, 2012
CWD NEBRASKA NGPC 26 DEER CARCASSES TESTED POSITIVE BUFFALO, CUSTER AND
HOLT COUNTIES DURING NOVEMBER HUNT
Chronic wasting disease found in deer killed in central Nebraska, game
officials say
LINCOLN, Neb. — The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission says chronic wasting
disease has been found in three central Nebraska counties for the first
time.
The commission says a total of 26 deer carcasses tested positive for the
disease in Buffalo, Custer and Holt counties during the November firearm hunting
season. Nearly 1,600 lymph node samples were taken. One mule deer carcass in
Garden County tested positive.
In 2010, 51 positives were found in the more than 3,600 test samples.
The 2011 testing was curtailed by budget issues, so it was concentrated on
central Nebraska, which the commission says is the leading edge of the disease
as it spreads from west to east.
The disease affects deer and elk and is always fatal. No human cases have
ever been recorded.
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE Nebraska, like other western states, is seeing an
increase in the number and distribution of deer testing positive for chronic
wasting disease (CWD). In 2010, 3,645 lymph node samples were collected during
the November firearm season, then tested. Fifty-one new positives were
confirmed, a record high for the state. Counties with positive deer were: Sioux,
11, Sheridan, seven; Dawes and Garden, six each; Box Butte and Scotts Bluff,
four each; Morrill, three; Banner and Hitchcock, two each; and Cherry, Hall,
Hooker, Keith, Lincoln, and Loup, one each. CWD was found for the first time in
Hitchcock, Hooker, Lincoln, and Loup counties. Also, 18 deer were tested through
culling or targeted surveillance. An adult male whitetail showing clinical
symptoms was collected north of Harrison in Sioux County. It tested positive for
CWD. One elk from Sioux County tested positive. CWD appears to be a prion
disease that attacks the central nervous system and causes fatal damage to the
brain of white-tailed deer, mule deer and Rocky Mountain elk.
CWD IN NEBRASKA IS INCREASING WITH 51 POSITIVE CASES IN 2010
Posted Mar 02 2011 9:31pm Fifty-One Deer Test Positive for CWD
March 1, 2011 News
LINCOLN, Neb. – Nebraska is experiencing an increase in the number of deer
testing positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD), as well as a wider
distribution, according to the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission. There were a
record 51 positives in 2010.
CWD is a disease that can affect deer and elk and is always fatal to the
affected animal. Humans have never been known to contract CWD.
There were 3,645 lymph node samples collected from deer harvested during
the November firearm season. The 51 positives were the most in Nebraska in one
year.
The counties with the highest number of positives were: Sioux, 11;
Sheridan, 7; Dawes, 6; Garden, 6; Box Butte, 4; Scotts Bluff, 4; and Morrill, 3.
There were two positives each in Banner and Hitchcock counties and one each in
Hooker, Keith, Lincoln, Loup, Cherry, and Hall counties. The counties in which
CWD was found for the first time are: Hitchcock, Hooker, Lincoln, and
Loup.
No elk tested positive for CWD in 2010.
Wednesday, March 02, 2011
CWD IN NEBRASKA IS INCREASING WITH 51 POSITIVE CASES IN 2010
Wednesday, February 04, 2009
Nebraska reports 22 cases of CWD in deer
Tuesday, December 18, 2007
NEBRASKA CWD tested 3,400 deer, with 17 testing positive 2007
Wednesday, January 25, 2012
Nebraska Fish and Game Association Censors Singeltary from speaking about
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) again
snip...
2012
NOW, let me be perfectly clear. this time, it was the Nebraska Fish and
Game Association that allowed me back on board, to post about CWD, after I had
asked them to do so. what happened was, I got to speaking the truth about game
farms, and CWD spreading there from, and a certain few complained, and kept
complaining, they did not want anymore information (valid scientific peer review
journals) that might hurt their industry. SO, I thank NFGC again for giving me a
chance to try and educate hunters on CWD and the TSE prion disease. I think I
supplied enough information to help educate, the ones that wanted to be
educated, however, it’s the other folks I am concerned about. the ones that
don’t want to be educated on this CWD, the ones that don’t want to speak about
it, or learn about, and they don’t want others to either. these few folks are
the ones that will help continue the spread of CWD. these folks caused the
surpressing of CWD TSE prion information. to be good stewards of the woods and
hunt, you cannot stick your head in the sand. these few folks did, and in doing
so, they want everyone else’s head in the sand. and that’s been the problem all
along. ...good luck!
so much for freedom of speech. can’t say I did not try. ... TSS
snip...
Monday, April 16, 2012
Highly Efficient Amplification of Chronic Wasting Disease Agent by Protein
Misfolding Cyclic Amplification with Beads (PMCAb)
Saturday, April 07, 2012
DETECTION OF PrPCWD IN FECES FROM NATURALLY EXPOSED ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK
(CERVUS ELAPHUS NELSONI) USING PROTEIN MISFOLDING CYCLIC AMPLIFICATION
Nebraska Chronic Wasting Disease
CWD GAME FARMS AND RANCHES IN NEBRASKA and RISK FACTOR THERE FROM
Although the Game and Parks Commission's
wildlife management areas and U.S. Forest Service pastures in the Bordeaux and
Hat Creek units provide some opportunities for elk hunters, most elk taken in
Nebraska are killed on private land. Obtaining private land access to hunt elk
is difficult, but not impossible, and a growing number of Nebraska landowners
charge fees for hunting privileges.
*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD CDC REPORT MARCH 2012 ***
Saturday, February 18, 2012
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease
CDC Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
SNIP...
=====================
CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2
Canadian provinces and in ≈ 100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in
South Korea (Figure 1, panel B).
=====================
SNIP...
Long-term effects of CWD on cervid populations and ecosystems remain
unclear as the disease continues to spread and prevalence increases. In captive
herds, CWD might persist at high levels and lead to complete herd destruction in
the absence of human culling. Epidemiologic modeling suggests the disease could
have severe effects on free-ranging deer populations, depending on hunting
policies and environmental persistence (8,9). CWD has been associated with large
decreases in free-ranging mule deer populations in an area of high CWD
prevalence (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (5).
SNIP...
Indirect Environmental Transmission
Environmental transmission of the CWD agent was reported in studies
demonstrating that an infected deer carcass left in a pasture for 2 years could
transmit the agent to immunologically naive deer (17). Exposure of naive deer to
pasture previously inhabited by an infected deer also led to CWD transmission,
as did cohabitation of naive and infected deer (17). Naive deer exposed to
water, feed buckets, and bedding used by CWD-infected deer contracted the
disease (18).
Epidemiologic modeling suggests that indirect environmental routes of CWD
transmission also play a major role in transmission (8). Environmental
transmission of scrapie is well documented, and scrapie prions may remain
infectious after years in the environment (19,20; S.E. Saunders, unpub. data).
Nevertheless, environmental transmission of scrapie may be less efficient than
transmission by direct contact (19). Conversely, the relative efficiency of CWD
transmission by direct contact versus indirect, environmental routes remains
unclear, but evidence suggests environmental transmission may be a major
mechanism (8). The proportion of transmission by direct versus indirect routes
may vary not only between captive and free-ranging cervid populations, but also
among cervid species and free-ranging habitats and ecosystems. Transmission
dynamics may also vary over time as CWD prevalence and ecosystem residence times
continue to increase (8).
If the environment serves as a reservoir of CWD infectivity, hot spots of
concentrated prion infectivity could be formed at areas of communal activity
where shedding occurs (Figure 3) (12). Animal mortality sites, where highly
infectious CNS matter would enter the environment, could also be hot spots (21).
In a study of deer carcass decomposition in Wisconsin, carcasses persisted for
18–101 days depending on the season, and were visited by deer (22). In addition,
cervid carcasses are visited by numerous scavenger species, such as raccoons,
opossums, coyotes, vultures, and crows, which could consume and transport
CWD-infected tissue and increase CWD spread (21,22). Thus, there is the
potential for CWD to spread from sites of animal deaths. Predators may also
contribute to spread of the CWD agent and transmission (5), as could transport
by surface water (23) or insect vectors. Natural migration and dispersion of
cervids is also a likely mechanism of geographic spread of CWD (24).
Given that cervids habitually ingest considerable amounts of soil, soil has
been hypothesized to play a key role in CWD transmission (Figure 3) (11,20; S.E.
Saunders et al., unpub. data). Inhalation of dust-bound CWD prions may also
represent a route of transmission. It is known that CWD prions can bind to a
range of soils and soil minerals (25,26) and retain the ability to replicate
(27). In addition, rodent prions retain or gain infectivity when bound to soil
and soil minerals (20,27; S.E. Saunders et al., unpub. data). Prion fate and
transmission in soil has been recently reviewed (20). Although the potential for
CWD transmission by soil and soil reservoirs is considerable, this transmission
remains to be directly evaluated with cervids.
CWD Zoonotic Potential, Species Barriers, and Strains
Current Understanding of the CWD Species Barrier
Strong evidence of zoonotic transmission of BSE to humans has led to
concerns about zoonotic transmission of CWD (2,3). As noted above, CWD prions
are present nearly ubiquitously throughout diseased hosts, including in muscle,
fat, various glands and organs, antler velvet, and peripheral and CNS tissue
(2,14,15). Thus, the potential for human exposure to CWD by handling and
consumption of infectious cervid material is substantial and increases with
increased disease prevalence.
Interspecies transmission of prion diseases often yields a species-barrier
effect, in which transmission is less efficient compared with intraspecies
transmission, as shown by lower attack rates and extended incubation periods
(3,28). The species barrier effect is associated with minor differences in PrPc
sequence and structure between the host and target species (3). Prion strain
(discussed below) and route of inoculation also affect the species barrier
(3,28). For instance, interspecies transmission by intracerebral inoculation is
often possible but oral challenge is completely ineffective (29).
Most epidemiologic studies and experimental work have suggested that the
potential for CWD transmission to humans is low, and such transmission has not
been documented through ongoing surveillance (2,3). In vitro prion replication
assays report a relatively low efficiency of CWD PrPSc-directed conversion of
human PrPc to PrPSc (30), and transgenic mice overexpressing human PrPc are
resistant to CWD infection (31); these findings indicate low zoonotic potential.
However, squirrel monkeys are susceptible to CWD by intracerebral and oral
inoculation (32). Cynomolgus macaques, which are evolutionarily closer to humans
than squirrel monkeys, are resistant to CWD infection (32). Regardless, the
finding that a primate is orally susceptible to CWD is of concern.
Interspecies transmission of CWD to noncervids has not been observed under
natural conditions. CWD infection of carcass scavengers such as raccoons,
opossums, and coyotes was not observed in a recent study in Wisconsin (22). In
addition, natural transmission of CWD to cattle has not been observed in
experimentally controlled natural exposure studies or targeted surveillance (2).
However, CWD has been experimentally transmitted to cattle, sheep, goats, mink,
ferrets, voles, and mice by intracerebral inoculation (2,29,33).
CWD is likely transmitted among mule, white-tailed deer, and elk without a
major species barrier (1), and other members of the cervid family, including
reindeer, caribou, and other species of deer worldwide, may be vulnerable to CWD
infection. Black-tailed deer (a subspecies of mule deer) and European red deer
(Cervus elaphus) are susceptible to CWD by natural routes of infection (1,34).
Fallow deer (Dama dama) are susceptible to CWD by intracerebral inoculation
(35). Continued study of CWD susceptibility in other cervids is of considerable
interest.
Reasons for Caution
There are several reasons for caution with respect to zoonotic and
interspecies CWD transmission. First, there is strong evidence that distinct CWD
strains exist (36). Prion strains are distinguished by varied incubation
periods, clinical symptoms, PrPSc conformations, and CNS PrPSc depositions
(3,32). Strains have been identified in other natural prion diseases, including
scrapie, BSE, and CJD (3). Intraspecies and interspecies transmission of prions
from CWD-positive deer and elk isolates resulted in identification of >2
strains of CWD in rodent models (36), indicating that CWD strains likely exist
in cervids. However, nothing is currently known about natural distribution and
prevalence of CWD strains. Currently, host range and pathogenicity vary with
prion strain (28,37). Therefore, zoonotic potential of CWD may also vary with
CWD strain. In addition, diversity in host (cervid) and target (e.g., human)
genotypes further complicates definitive findings of zoonotic and interspecies
transmission potentials of CWD.
Intraspecies and interspecies passage of the CWD agent may also increase
the risk for zoonotic CWD transmission. The CWD prion agent is undergoing serial
passage naturally as the disease continues to emerge. In vitro and in vivo
intraspecies transmission of the CWD agent yields PrPSc with an increased
capacity to convert human PrPc to PrPSc (30). Interspecies prion transmission
can alter CWD host range (38) and yield multiple novel prion strains (3,28). The
potential for interspecies CWD transmission (by cohabitating mammals) will only
increase as the disease spreads and CWD prions continue to be shed into the
environment. This environmental passage itself may alter CWD prions or exert
selective pressures on CWD strain mixtures by interactions with soil, which are
known to vary with prion strain (25), or exposure to environmental or gut
degradation.
Given that prion disease in humans can be difficult to diagnose and the
asymptomatic incubation period can last decades, continued research,
epidemiologic surveillance, and caution in handling risky material remain
prudent as CWD continues to spread and the opportunity for interspecies
transmission increases. Otherwise, similar to what occurred in the United
Kingdom after detection of variant CJD and its subsequent link to BSE, years of
prevention could be lost if zoonotic transmission of CWD is subsequently
identified,
snip...see full text and more here ;
Saturday, February 18, 2012
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease
CDC Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
see map ;
SEE MORE HERE ;
ATTENTION, CONFUCIUS IS CONFUSED AGAIN ??? WHICH CAME
FIRST DOCUMENTED CWD IN CAPTIVE OR FREE RANGING IN NEBRASKA
???
see map on CWD and compare game farm infection dates to wild infection
dates, close proximity to each other, and compare from state to state. with
Nebraska, which came first, the cow or the cart ???
Nebraska C = 2001
Nebraska F = 1999
see map ;
full text ;
see much more here ;
1998 Nebraska - Game farm in Cherry County, Nebraska has CWD. First in the
state.
Fall 2000 Nebraska's first wild mule deer with CWD is killed by a hunter in
Kimball County.
Nebraska
Dept of Agriculture and Game and Parks
On April 9, 1998, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was diagnosed in a captive
elk in Nebraska.� This discovery follows the confirmation of CWD in two captive
elk herds in South Dakota earlier this year.� The Nebraska elk was a 4 1/2-year
old male that was among a privately owned herd of approximately 150 elk.� The
health of the animal had deteriorated for about 2 months before it died.�
Confirmation of CWD was made by the USDA's National Veterinary Services
Laboratories in Ames, Iowa.
The case history revealed that the affected elk was born on a farm on the
Western Slope of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, but it was on two additional
Colorado farms before it arrived in Nebraska at 2 to 2 1/2 years of age.� One of
the Colorado premises was in the known CWD-endemic region along the Eastern
Slope of the Rocky Mountains in northcentral Colorado.
The Nebraska State Veterinarian's Office has quarantined the affected herd,
and a hold order was placed on two additional herds in Nebraska that received
animals from the affected herd.� It also has been determined that elk farmers in
four states (IA, IL, TX, WI) have received elk from the infected herd, and these
states were notified by the Nebraska Bureau of Animal Industry.� Additional
tracing may be forthcoming because elk from the affected herd were sold through
two auctions in Colorado and Missouri.� A CWD Working Group is being formed to
develop Voluntary CWD Management Guidelines.� The first goals of the Nebraska
Bureau of Animal Industry are:� (1) to implement a policy requiring disease
reporting of animals over 16 months of age; (2) to require identification of
individual animals and reporting change of ownership; and (3) to establish a
data base to monitor change of ownership.
South Dakota has taken legislative action to create a CWD control program
for captive cervids.� Their program calls for a 5-year quarantine with
monitoring of all affected, adjacent, or exposed captive cervid herds.�
Monitored herds that maintain clean status are given certificates at annual
milestones for years 1 through 4 and are designated "Certified CWD Cervid Herd"
after 5 years of negative surveillance.� The Cervid CWD Surveillance
Identification Program includes required examination of brain tissue from all
dead cervids 18 months or older, including deaths by slaughter, hunting,
illness, and injury.� The South Dakota State Veterinarian has forwarded the
description of his State's program to the United States Animal Health
Association along with the suggestion that it should be considered as a
"starting place" for developing a Model CWD Control Program.� Persons interested
in this document can obtain a copy from Dr. Sam Holland, South Dakota State
Veterinarian, SD Animal Industry Board, 411 South Fort Street, Pierre, South
Dakota 57501-4503.�
In addition to cases in captive research and free-ranging deer and elk, CWD
has been diagnosed at various times in privately-owned, captive elk in Colorado,
Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Kansas, Alberta (Canada)
and Saskatchewan (Canada) since 1996. CWD infection has been particularly severe
in a group of interconnected facilities near Rapid City, South Dakota, that
appear to be the original source of infection for other South Dakota game farms
as well as the Saskatchewan epidemic. In contrast, infected elk in two of three
Nebraska farms originated in Colorado, and infected elk in Oklahoma apparently
originated in Montana; CWD has been confirmed in the Montana and Colorado source
herds. Epidemiology of the Canadian cases has been under study, and South Dakota
appears to be the likely source of CWD in Saskatchewan; it also appears that CWD
was imported into Canada prior to 1990, and has spread among at least 18 farms
via live animal sales over the last decade. The overall distribution and
occurrence of CWD among farmed elk operations should become clearer as
industry-wide surveillance programs are developed. There are no apparent
epidemiological connections between the Colorado-Nebraska, South
Dakota-Saskatchewan, and Montana-Oklahoma foci; moreover. The source of
infection for free-ranging white-tailed deer in Wisconsin is unknown. CWD at a
farmed elk operation in Minnesota was confirmed on 30 August 2002.
Nebraska, where two captive herds are under quarantine for chronic wasting
disease, has similar regulations and is considering additional monitoring
requirements as the industry expands in that state. Two new elk slaughter plants
have recently opened there.
Disease Threats to Elk Photos and text by Eric Fowler Published October
2010
Disease Threats to Elk Other than man and a handful of mountain lions,
there are no predators to really stem the growth of elk herds in Nebraska.
Disease, however, could be another story. Disease concerns played a major role
in changes being made at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, specifically
when three deer harvested within 20 miles of the refuge in 2006 tested positive
for chronic wasting disease, a contagious neurological disease that damages the
brain and central nervous system of deer, elk and moose and is always fatal.
Since first appearing in Nebraska’s free ranging deer in 1998, CWD has been
found in four captive elk herds in the state. Three of those herds were
destroyed, a standard practice meant to reduce the chances of developing a hot
spot that could spread the disease to free-ranging deer and elk. The fourth,
located in Cherry County, was quarantined but cleared after extensive testing of
the remaining animals. Since it was established nearly 100 years ago, the Fort
Niobrara refuge’s defined purpose has been the preservation of native birds,
bison and elk.
“Knowing that we have responsibility to manage for elk, we just felt we’d
be derelict in our duties to stick our head in the sand and wait for CWD to show
up and have to kill all of these [captive] elk,” said Todd Frerichs, deputy
project leader at the refuge.
Since 1997, the Commission has tested more than 42,000 deer and 50 wild elk
for CWD, most of them harvested by hunters. Of those, 202 deer and two elk have
tested positive. Both elk positives came from cow elk in Sioux County: one
harvested during the 2009 hunting season, and another sick animal that was put
down in January 2010. Bruce Trindle, big game research and wildlife disease
specialist in the Commission’s Norfolk office, said the disease spreads slowly
through or between deer and elk populations at first, a fact that may have
delayed its inevitable appearance in Nebraska’s elk.
As prevalence rates rise, however, it spreads more rapidly. In Wyoming, the
prevalence rate in some elk herds is 40 percent or higher, resulting in a
measurable population decline. Animals can be infected for months or years
before becoming sick. “There isn’t any immunity, and if a deer or elk gets it,
they die,” Trindle said.
Another threat to Nebraska’s elk herd unexpectedly appeared in 2009 when an
elk in a captive herd in Knox County and a beef cow in Rock County tested
positive for bovine tuberculosis, a highly infectious bacterial disease that can
infect and be passed between any warm-blooded vertebrate. When found in cattle,
tuberculosis can have dire consequences for both the ranch and state in which it
is found due to restrictions that are placed on livestock movement. Testing
found no other cases in Nebraska livestock or in 42 deer culled and tested
around the captive elk herd. Had it been passed through the fence to
free-ranging wildlife, Hams said, the result would have been “catastrophic.”
An area of Michigan continues to deal with tuberculosis in deer and
livestock 30 years after it was discovered, an effort that has included
reduction of the local deer herd. Hams said the case provides further
justification for ending the practice of raising elk and other wildlife behind
fences for meat, antlers or recreational shooting. Testing programs for captive
herds are “rudimentary and almost ineffective,” Hams said.
Often diseases aren’t discovered until animals are sick and dying or, in
the case of tuburculosis, until an animal is slaughtered. By then, Hams said,
other elk from the same herd, which may have been infected, have been shipped to
other elk farms around the country, spreading the infection. Captive elk can and
sometimes do escape from pens, putting free-ranging wildlife at risk. But
diseases can also spread when captive and free-ranging wildlife meet at
fencelines, which is why the Commission continues to shoot wild elk found in
close proximity to a captive herd.
Elk were extirpated from Nebraska around the turn of the century. A few
elk, probably from Wyoming, were reported in Northwestern Nebraska in the 1950s
and 60s, and the statewide population now is about 2,300, most in the Pine
Ridge.
I don’t think Nebraska has any clue as to how many game farm or game
ranches of either deer or elk or both they have in their state ???
if they do, I could not find the information on the Nebraska Gov.
websites. it may be there somewhere???
here are a few from state to state. by no means is this all of them.
...
United States Deer and Elk Farms Directory
Chronic Wasting Disease was discovered in white-tailed deer in Nebraska in
2002, but the long-term effects of this prion disease are unknown.
It will be a challenge for biologists in the future to develop season
formats that will provide the necessary white-tailed deer management to meet the
above goal for big game. Managers must determine the desired population level
for each management unit, and then calculate an antlerless harvest that will
achieve the population goal. A more conservative approach of doe harvest may be
used in western Nebraska white-tailed deer habitats due to less productive and
slower growing populations.
ISSUE 1 Cervid disease issues have come to the forefront with Chronic
Wasting Disease, brain worm, bovine tuberculosis and foreign deer lice being
diagnosed in the Nebraska. Disease problems will continue be very important to
the mule deer management program during this planning phase.
Tactic 5. Create an accurate statewide stable isotope map using lymph nodes
collected for Chronic Wasting Disease testing and use in analysis of mountain
lion claws and other tissues to determine origination of dispersers.
SEE what the one CWD infected farm in Wisconsin (with the most highest
infection rate to date with CWD at 80% infection rate) cost that state ;
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American
captive herd.
Despite the five year premise plan and site decontamination, The WI DNR has
concerns over the bioavailability of infectious prions at this site to wild
white-tail deer should these fences be removed. Current research indicates that
prions can persist in soil for a minimum of 3 years.
However, Georgsson et al. (2006) concluded that prions that produced
scrapie disease in sheep remained bioavailable and infectious for at least 16
years in natural Icelandic environments, most likely in contaminated soil.
Additionally, the authors reported that from 1978-2004, scrapie recurred on
33 sheep farms, of which 9 recurrences occurred 14-21 years after initial
culling and subsequent restocking efforts; these findings further emphasize the
effect of environmental contamination on sustaining TSE infectivity and that
long-term persistence of prions in soils may be substantially greater than
previously thought.
snip...
SUMMARY: The Department has obtained on agreement to purchase 80 acres of
land from Patricia Casey for $465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat
program, In Portage County, The item is being submitted because the price
exceeds the appraised value of $371,000 and because the Department will prohibit
Nature-Based Outdoor Activities on the land.
The properly is located in south central Portage County about 12 miles
southeast of Plover in the Town of Almond. The property, which includes a single
family residence, a metal building, and a storage shed, was operated us a deer
farm until 2006 at which time it was closed down because of an outbreak of
chronic wasting disease (CWD). All the deer in the operation were destroyed and
the operation has stood vacant for the last 5 years per U .S. Dcpnrtmeut of
Agriculture requirements. During this time and until May 24, 2011, the fences
around this facility must be maintained and the premise cannot be used as a deer
farm, though other animals such ns cattle and horses would be permitted. After
May 24, all such restrictions will expire. This site, known as the Hall Farm,
had the highest prevalence of CWO positive deer recorded at any deer farm in
North America.
Based on available science, the Department believes that there is an
unacceptable potential risk of exposure to CWD causing prions to wild cervids in
this area should the premise fencing be removed. To minimize this risk, the
Department believes that the fences should remain intact and in place until
science can demonstrate that there is no longer any potential risk. After
extensive consideration of several options, the Department maintains that the
purchase and subsequent management of the properly and fences is the only
realistic option.
The Department proposes to prohibit all public use of the property in order
to ensure confinement and control of contaminated soils and limit any potential
spread of Chronic Wasting Disease from the property to surrounding lands and
wild deer populations and to allow for research of prions and prion related
diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease. The property is currently surrounded
by a deer fence and removal of that fence to allow public use, or public use of
any form inside the fenced area would be incompatible with the primary purpose
of acquiring the properly. The Department has determined that it is necessary to
prohibit all public access on the site to accommodate the Department's primary
purpose for the acquisition and its Intended use of the property for research
and wildlife management.
Acquisition of this properly will minimize any potential risk to local
cervids from the CWD causing prions that may exist within the fenced area. The
Department will consider sale of the house at a later date if local zoning can
be modified for a lot size that would not contain contaminated soil. State
ownership will allow the Department to maintain the deer proof fence, thereby
protecting wild deer from CWD infection from the contaminated soil on this
former deer farm.
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for
$465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and
approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
snip...see full text and much more here ;
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
Thursday, February 09, 2012
50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing Protocol
Needs To Be Revised
Monday, November 14, 2011
WYOMING Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Wednesday, November 16, 2011
Wisconsin Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, CWD, TSE, PRION REPORTING 2011
Sunday, November 13, 2011
COLORADO CWD CJD TSE PRION REPORTING 2011
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD.
The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr.
Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at
this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had
previously been occupied by sheep.
Monday, April 16, 2012
Continuing Enhanced National Surveillance for Prion Diseases in the United
States
snip...
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) emerged in the 1980s as a disease of
cows produced by an aberrant protein (prions). This disease is a food-borne
human pathogen producing new variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in people. This
event has changed how cattle are fed and the standards of global agricultural
trade. The investigation of this disease, and its ultimate solution required an
integrated approach by scientists and health policymakers across multiple
disciplines. A similar disease, chronic wasting disease (CWD) of elk, deer and
moose is spreading in North America. The mechanism of transmission is not
understood. There is a risk of spread to cattle and other food animals and
ultimately to humans, since the prion protein of CWD can be efficiently
converted to a form that apparently overcomes the structural barriers between
more distant species. A One Health approach to CWD envisions the convergence of
human, veterinary, wildlife disease and research scientists to establish
improved surveillance and diagnostic methods, define the transmission chain,
risk of cross-species spread, and control strategies.
snip...
Thursday, April 05, 2012
Prevalence and Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease in Elk from Rocky
Mountain National Park
Thursday, March 29, 2012
TEXAS DEER CZAR SAYS WISCONSIN DNR NOT DOING ENOUGH ABOUT CWD LIKE POT
CALLING KETTLE BLACK
Monday, March 26, 2012
Texas Prepares for Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Possibility in Far West
Texas
Monday, March 26, 2012
3 CASES OF CWD FOUND NEW MEXICO MULE DEER SEVERAL MILS FROM TEXAS BORDER
Sunday, March 25, 2012
Three more cases of CWD found in free-ranging deer in Macon County
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
MICHIGAN SENATE BILL 27 TURNS OVER GAME FARMS and CWD RISK FACTORS THERE
FROM, TO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE $
Friday, March 16, 2012
OHIO TURNS OVER CERVID GAME FARMS (and CWD risk) TO DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE, GOD HELP THEM H. B. No. 389
As Passed by the Senate
129th General Assembly Regular Session 2011-2012 Am. H. B. No. 389
Thursday, March 08, 2012
Dept. of Ag Notified of Two Positive Tests for CWD at Macon County
Facility
Tuesday, February 28, 2012
newly developed injectable CWD vaccine, live rectal mucosa testing and Deer
Game Farms Update
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
West Virginia Deer Farming Bill backed by deer farmers advances, why ? BE
WARNED CWD
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
New Supplement from Deer Antler Velvet, CWD, and CJD there from ?
New Deer Antler Velvet Extract Changes the World of Supplements
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Oppose Indiana House Bill 1265 game farming cervids
Monday, February 13, 2012
Stop White-tailed Deer Farming from Destroying Tennessee's Priceless Wild
Deer Herd oppose HB3164
Thursday, January 26, 2012
The Risk of Prion Zoonoses
Science 27 January 2012: Vol. 335 no. 6067 pp. 411-413 DOI:
10.1126/science.1218167
Thursday, January 26, 2012
Facilitated Cross-Species Transmission of Prions in Extraneural Tissue
Science 27 January 2012: Vol. 335 no. 6067 pp. 472-475 DOI:
10.1126/science.1215659
Sunday, January 22, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD cervids interspecies transmission
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/01/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-cervids.html
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) emerged in the 1980s as a disease of
cows produced by an aberrant protein (prions). This disease is a food-borne
human pathogen producing new variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease in people. This
event has changed how cattle are fed and the standards of global agricultural
trade. The investigation of this disease, and its ultimate solution required an
integrated approach by scientists and health policymakers across multiple
disciplines. A similar disease, chronic wasting disease (CWD) of elk, deer and
moose is spreading in North America. The mechanism of transmission is not
understood. There is a risk of spread to cattle and other food animals and
ultimately to humans, since the prion protein of CWD can be efficiently
converted to a form that apparently overcomes the structural barriers between
more distant species. A One Health approach to CWD envisions the convergence of
human, veterinary, wildlife disease and research scientists to establish
improved surveillance and diagnostic methods, define the transmission chain,
risk of cross-species spread, and control strategies.
snip...
Budget
A budget of $2,978,682 is requested to fund the Initiative for a period of
3 years.
The majority of the budget is for salaries and benefits (45%), contracts
(30%) and travel (22%).
Monday, April 16, 2012
Continuing Enhanced National Surveillance for Prion Diseases in the United States
TSS
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
9:51 AM
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