North Carolina commission sets up task force on deer farming
NC commission sets up task force on deer farming
Published 4:02 a.m., Saturday, November 10, 2012
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — The state Wildlife Resources Commission is setting up
a task force to look into the issues involved in the licensing of deer farming
operations in North Carolina.
Commission executive director Gordon Myers said Friday the panel tabled
proposed changes that would have expanded importation of deer and licensing of
deer farming. Instead, the commission will establish the task with members from
the state Department of Agriculture, hunting groups, public health and other
groups.
The task force will report back to the commission in May.
The Humane Society of the United States praised the decision, saying deer
farming operations increase the risk of disease, including the fatal, incurable
chronic wasting disease. The disease has been found in 22 states.
North Carolina has a moratorium on farms for deer and other cervids.
July 16, 2012
Fiscal Note for Proposed 15A NCAC 10B.0101 Importation of Wild Animals and
Birds, 15A NCAC 10H.0301 General Requirements, 15A NCAC 10H.0302 Minimum
Standards, and 15A NCAC 10H.0304 Captive Cervid Certification Program Contact:
Tommy Clark North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (919) 707-0081 or tommy.clark@ncwildlife.org
SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSED REGULATION
North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) is proposing to adopt
amended rule text for the following rules; 15A NCAC 10B.0101 Importation of
Wild Animals and Birds, 15A NCAC 10H.0301 General Requirements, 15A NCAC
10H.0302 Minimum Standards, and 15A NCAC 10H.0304 Captive Cervid Certification
Program, (see proposed rule text in Appendix 1). Through passage of N.C.G.S. §
113-272.6 the legislature established that cervids could be held in captivity
provided certain rules as established by the NCWRC were followed. While the
General Assembly provided 2 legal opportunity for previously unlicensed cervid
owners to become legal, it left licensing of future captive cervid facilities to
the NCWRC. The changes to these rules cover basically four areas: 1) The WRC is
amending rule text to allow for new captive cervid facilities to be constructed.
This construction has been allowed in the past; however, a moratorium has been
in place for a number of years. The current rule states that the captive cervid
facility shall be surrounded by a fence of sufficient strength and design to
contain the animal under any circumstances, at least eight feet high. The new
parameters for allowed construction will be done in accordance to new standards
in Rule 15A NCAC 10H .0302, in which the new fencing standards will be enhanced
to help prevent wild deer and captive deer from coming into direct contact with
each other, and potentially transmitting disease. This new standard will include
the existing eight foot high fence standard and, in addition, a standard that
includes three strands of electrified wire and two strands of non-electrified
wire along either the inside or the outside perimeter to ensure no contact
between wild deer and captive cervid. 2) The WRC is also amending rule text to
allow for the expansion of existing cervid facilities. Under current rule, only
licensees with certified herds may expand pen size or the number of pens on the
licensed facility to increase the holding capacity of that facility. The
proposed rule will allow any existing facility to expand, but it must adhere to
the new fencing standards for new facilities. This new rule covers not only the
expanded fencing area, but also directs the old fenced area to be retrofitted to
meet the new standards. 3) The WRC is also amending rule text to allow
importation of captive cervid as allowed in Rule 15A NCAC 10B .0101, yet only
under strict guidelines. First, only those captive cervid licensees with
certified herds will be allowed to import. Secondly, there will be absolutely no
importation from any state or province in which Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
has already been detected. Importation of species in which CWD has not been
documented by the scientific community has also been relaxed. 4) The proposed
rule changes also addresses testing of cervids for CWD, the issuance of
captivity licenses and the ability to transport cervids within the state. The
proposed amendment for the transportation permit rule is that under current rule
a cervid could only be transported from one certified herd to another certified
herd in North Carolina. The proposal is that the destination herd for a cervid
does not have to be certified.
HISTORY OF CWD PREVENTION IN THE STATE
snip...see full text ;
November 9, 2012
The Humane Society of the United States Applauds North Carolina Decision to
Table Plans to Allow New Cervid Facilities
The Humane Society of the United States issued a statement in response to
the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission’s tabling of proposed
regulations to expand captive cervid facilities. The facilities would have kept
deer, elk and other animals classified as cervids.
“Captive cervid facilities concentrate animals in unnaturally high
densities, which puts both captive and native herds at risk of serious diseases
like the fatal, incurable Chronic Wasting Disease,” said Kim Alboum, North
Carolina state director for The HSUS. “Furthermore, expanding captive deer
breeding could lead to a market for captive cervid trophy hunting ranches, which
are currently illegal, in the state. The Humane Society of the United States is
so pleased that the Commission has decided to put aside this reckless proposal
which flies in the face of sound conservation.” Facts: The state of North
Carolina currently has a moratorium on new captive cervid facilities; the
proposed regulations would have allowed new facilities to open. Diseases such as
tuberculosis, brucellosis and Chronic Wasting Disease have been diagnosed in
captive wildlife, and cannot be contained by a fence. Chronic Wasting Disease
has now been found in 22 states. In 13 of the states the disease has been found
in captive populations. Chronic Wasting Disease can cost taxpayers millions of
dollars in response efforts – the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
alone has spent over $35 million since 2002 fighting the disease. Animals in
captive hunts are stocked inside fenced enclosures, allowing ranches to often
offer guaranteed trophies, “100 percent success” rates, and advertise "no kill,
no pay" policies. Captive hunts are generally reviled by the hunting community
nationwide for violating the principle of fair chase. Hunting groups such as the
Boone and Crockett Club and the Pope and Young Club, which maintain trophy
records for big game hunting, will not consider animals shot at captive hunts
for inclusion on their record lists. At more than 1,000 commercial captive hunt
operations in the United States, trophy hunters pay to shoot native and exotic
mammals confined in fenced enclosures. Many of the animals on these ranches have
become accustomed to humans, making them easy targets for shooters.
Media Contact: Kaitlin Sanderson: 301-721-6463; ksanderson@humanesociety.org
USDA-APHIS-VS Chronic Wasting Disease National Program
Patrice N. Klein of USDA APHIS VS – National Center for Animal Health
Programs provided an update on the agency’s CWD–related activities:
CWD Rule Update: The amended final rule on chronic wasting disease (CWD) is
currently in departmental clearance. The rule will set minimum standards for
interstate movement and establish the national voluntary Herd Certification
Program (HCP). Farmed/captive cervid surveillance testing: Through FY2010, VS
conducted surveillance testing on approximately 20,000 farmed /captive cervids
by the immunohistochemistry (IHC) standard protocol. As of September 15, 2011,
approximately 19,000 farmed /captive cervids were tested by IHC for CWD with
funding to cover lab costs provided through NVSL.
Farmed/captive cervid CWD status: The CWD positive captive white-tailed
deer (WTD) herd reported in Missouri (February 2010) was indemnified and
depopulation activities were completed in June 2011. All depopulated animals
were tested for CWD and no additional CWD positive animals were found.
In FY 2011, CWD was reported in two captive elk herds in Nebraska
(December, 2010 and April 2011, respectively).
To date, 52 farmed/captive cervid herds have been identified in 11 states:
CO, KS, MI, MN, MO, MT, NE, NY, OK, SD, WI.
Thirty-nine were elk herds and 13 were WTD herds. At this time, eight CWD
positive herds remain – six elk herds in Colorado and the two elk herds in
Nebraska.
Wild Cervid surveillance: In FY 2009 funding supported surveillance in
approximately 74,330 wild cervids in 47 cooperating States. Wild cervid CWD
surveillance totals are pending for fiscal year 2010 (2010 – 2011 calendar year)
due to seasonal surveillance activities and completion of final cooperative
agreement reporting to APHIS.
In fiscal year 2011, there are 15 ‘tier 1’ States, 20 ‘tier 2’ States, and
15 ‘tier 3’ States. Two new ‘tier 1’ States, Minnesota and Maryland, were added
in fiscal year 2011 based on the new CWD detections in a free-ranging
white-tailed deer in southeastern Minnesota and in western Maryland.
Consequently, Delaware was upgraded to ‘tier 2’ status as an adjacent State to
Maryland. For FY 2011, 45 States and 32 Tribes will receive cooperative
agreement funds to complete wild cervid surveillance and other approved work
plan activities. Based on FY 2012 projected budget reductions, future
cooperative agreement funds will be eliminated.
APHIS CWD Funding: In FY2011, APHIS received approximately $15.8 million in
appropriated funding for the CWD Program. The President’s FY 2012 budget
proposes to reduce program funding for CWD by $13.9 million, leaving the program
with a request of $1.925 million to provide some level of Federal coordination
for the national herd certification program (HCP).
Consequently, APHIS is planning to amend its role in the program to one of
Federal coordination. Based on the projected FY 2012 budget, funding for CWD
cooperative agreements and indemnity funding for States and Tribes will be
eliminated. Under this scenario, the States or cervid industry producers will
likely be responsible for the costs of surveillance testing and indemnity for
appraisal, depopulation, and disposal of CWD-positive animals.
Commodity Health Line Structure: In the FY 2012 budget, livestock
commodities regulated by USDA have been organized into ‘Commodity Health Line’
structures or groupings. APHIS’ Equine, Cervid and Small Ruminant (ECSR) Health
line supports efforts to protect the health and thereby improve the quality and
productivity of the equine, cervid and small ruminant industries. Activities
supported by the ECSR Health line range from monitoring and surveillance to
investigation and response actions undertaken when health issues relevant to the
industry are identified. APHIS also maintains regulations and program standards
which guide ECSR activities at both the Federal and State/Tribal level.
The ECSR Health line funds essential activities necessary to maintain
current ECSR surveillance and program operations while providing the flexibility
to respond to new and emerging industry-specific health concerns. APHIS’ current
activities include Scrapie, Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), Slaughter Horse
Transport, and Brucellosis/Tuberculosis in cervids. Overall, APHIS will use
funding from the ECSR Health Line Item to support Agency efforts in the
following mission areas: prevention, preparedness and communication; monitoring,
surveillance and detection; response and containment; and continuity of
business, mitigation and recovery
Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National
Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie
and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the
opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion
diseases. We inoculated white-tailed deer intracranially (IC) and by a natural
route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal inoculation) with a US scrapie
isolate. All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc
accumulation and those necropsied after 20 months post-inoculation (PI) (3/5)
had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of
PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. A single deer that was necropsied at 15.6
months PI did not have clinical signs, but had widespread distribution of PrPSc.
This highlights the facts that 1) prior to the onset of clinical signs PrPSc is
widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues and 2) currently used
diagnostic methods are sufficient to detect PrPSc prior to the onset of clinical
signs. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the
manifestation of CWD and scrapie in white-tailed deer after IC inoculation
including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical
signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation
time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from
the obex region have a molecular profile consistent with CWD and distinct from
tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic
and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions
expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were
not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of
immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural
route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie. Deer
developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied
from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by
IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil,
retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and
spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer
inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern
similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.
Committee Business:
The Committee discussed and approved three resolutions regarding CWD. They
can be found in the report of the Reswolutions Committee. Essentially the
resolutions urged USDA-APHIS-VS to:
Continue to provide funding for CWD testing of captive cervids
Finalize and publish the national CWD rule for Herd Certification and
Interstate Movement
Evaluate live animal test, including rectal mucosal biopsy, for CWD in
cervids
how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from,
each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd
infected cervid game ranch type farms ???
? game farms in a state X $465,000., do all these game farms have insurance
to pay for this risk of infected the wild cervid herds, in each state ???
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American
captive herd.
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for
$465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and
approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
Form 1100-001
(R 2/11)
NATURAL RESOURCES BOARD AGENDA ITEM
SUBJECT: Information Item: Almond Deer Farm Update
FOR: DECEMBER 2011 BOARD MEETING
TUESDAY
TO BE PRESENTED BY TITLE: Tami Ryan, Wildlife Health Section Chief
SUMMARY:
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD.
The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr.
Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at
this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had
previously been occupied by sheep.
2011
*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were
susceptible to scrapie.
Generation of a new form of human PrPSc in vitro by inter-species
transmission from cervids prions
Marcelo A. Barria1, Glenn C. Telling2, Pierluigi Gambetti3, James A.
Mastrianni4 and Claudio Soto1,* 1Mitchell Center for Alzheimer’s disease and
related Brain disorders, Dept of Neurology, University of Texas Houston Medical
School, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2Dept of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular
Genetics, and Neurology, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky
Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA 3Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH, USA 4Dept of Neurology, University of Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA. Running Title: Conversion of human PrPC by cervid PrPSc
Keywords: Prion / transmissible spongiform encephalopathy / infectivity /
misfolded prion protein / prion strains * To whom correspondence should be
addressed. University of Texas Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin St, Houston,
TX 77030. Tel 713-5007086; Fax 713-5000667; E-mail Claudio.Soto@uth.tmc.edu The
latest version is at http://www.jbc.org/cgi/doi/10.1074/jbc.M110.198465
JBC Papers in Press.
Published on January 4, 2011 as Manuscript M110.198465 Copyright 2011 by
The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. 5, Downloaded
from www.jbc.org by guest, on November 11, 2012 2
Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans
and animals that result from the conversion of normal prion protein (PrPC) into
the misfolded prion protein (PrPSc). Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion
disorder of increasing prevalence within the United States that affects a large
population of wild and captive deer and elk. Determining the risk of
transmission of CWD to humans is of utmost importance, considering that people
can be infected by animal prions, resulting in new fatal diseases. To study the
possibility that human PrPC can be converted into the misfolded form by CWD
PrPSc we performed experiments using the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification
(PMCA) technique, which mimic in vitro the process of prion replication. Our
results show that cervid PrPSc can induce the conversion of human PrPC, but only
after the CWD prion strain has been stabilized by successive passages in vitro
or in vivo. Interestingly, the newly generated human PrPSc exhibits a distinct
biochemical pattern that differs from any of the currently known forms of human
PrPSc. Our results also have profound implications for understanding the
mechanisms of prion species barrier and indicate that the transmission barrier
is a dynamic process that depend on the strain and moreover the degree of
adaptation of the strain. If our findings are corroborated by infectivity
assays, they will imply that CWD prions have the potential to infect humans, and
that this ability depends on CWD strain adaptation.
Various studies aimed to analyze the transmission of CWD to transgenic mice
expressing human PrP have consistently given negative results (9-11), indicating
a strong species barrier. This conclusion is consistent with our many failed
experiments to attempt converting human PrPC with natural CWD, even after
pushing the PMCA conditions (see figure 1). We found successful conversion only
after adaptation of the CWD prion strain by successive passages in vitro or in
cervid transgenic mice. We are not aware that in any of the transgenic mice
studies the inoculum used was a previously stabilized CWD strain. Although, it
has been shown that strain stabilization in vitro by PMCA (17;26) and in vivo
using experimental rodents (36) has similarities with the strain adaptation
process occurring in natural hosts, we cannot rule out that the type of CWD
strain adaptation that is required to produce strains transmissible to humans
may take much longer time in cervids or not occur at all. An important
experiment will be to study transmissibility to humanized transgenic mice of CWD
passed experimentally in deer several times. Besides the importance of our
results for public health in relation to the putative transmissibility of CWD to
humans, our data also illustrate a very important and novel scientific concept
related to the mechanism of prion transmission across species barriers. Today
the view is that species barrier is mostly controlled by the degree of
similarity on the sequence of the prion protein between the host and the
infectious material (4). In our study we show that the strain and moreover the
stabilization of the strain plays a major role in the inter-species
transmission. In our system there is no change on the protein sequence, but yet
strain adaptation results in a complete change on prion transmissibility with
potentially dramatic consequences. Therefore, our findings lead to a new view of
the species barrier that should not be seen as a static process, but rather a
dynamic biological phenomenon that can change over time when prion strains
mature and evolve. It remains to be investigated if other species barriers also
change upon progressive strain adaptation of other prion forms (e.g. the
sheep/human barrier).
Our results have far-reaching implications for human health, since they
indicate that cervid PrPSc can trigger the conversion of human PrPC into PrPSc,
suggesting that CWD might be infectious to humans. Interestingly our findings
suggest that unstable strains from CWD affected animals might not be a problem
for humans, but upon strain stabilization by successive passages in the wild,
this disease might become progressively more transmissible to man.
Generation of a New Form of Human PrPScin Vitro by Interspecies
Transmission from Cervid Prions*
Marcelo A. Barria‡, Glenn C. Telling§, Pierluigi Gambetti¶, James A.
Mastrianni‖ and Claudio Soto‡,1 + Author Affiliations
From the ‡Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain
Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at
Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, the §Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and
Molecular Genetics and Neurology, Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of
Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, the ¶Institute of Pathology,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and the ‖Department of
Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 1 To whom
correspondence should be addressed: University of Texas Medical School at
Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030. Tel.: 713-500-7086; Fax:
713-500-0667; E-mail: claudio.soto@uth.tmc.edu.
Abstract
Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders that affect
humans and animals and that result from the conversion of normal prion protein
(PrPC) into the misfolded prion protein (PrPSc). Chronic wasting disease (CWD)
is a prion disorder of increasing prevalence within the United States that
affects a large population of wild and captive deer and elk. Determining the
risk of transmission of CWD to humans is of utmost importance, considering that
people can be infected by animal prions, resulting in new fatal diseases. To
study the possibility that human PrPC can be converted into the misfolded form
by CWD PrPSc, we performed experiments using the protein misfolding cyclic
amplification technique, which mimics in vitro the process of prion replication.
Our results show that cervid PrPSc can induce the conversion of human PrPC but
only after the CWD prion strain has been stabilized by successive passages in
vitro or in vivo. Interestingly, the newly generated human PrPSc exhibits a
distinct biochemical pattern that differs from that of any of the currently
known forms of human PrPSc. Our results also have profound implications for
understanding the mechanisms of the prion species barrier and indicate that the
transmission barrier is a dynamic process that depends on the strain and
moreover the degree of adaptation of the strain. If our findings are
corroborated by infectivity assays, they will imply that CWD prions have the
potential to infect humans and that this ability progressively increases with
CWD spreading.
UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN
Wednesday, September 08, 2010 CWD PRION CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010
Tuesday, June 05, 2012
Captive Deer Breeding Legislation Overwhelmingly Defeated During 2012
Legislative Session
Friday, August 31, 2012
COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE WILDLIFE AND ALTERNATIVE LIVESTOCK and CWD 2009-2012 a
review
Friday, August 24, 2012
Diagnostic accuracy of rectal mucosa biopsy testing for chronic wasting
disease within white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) herds in North America
2010 WISCONSIN CAPTIVE DEER ESCAPES
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. ...
snip...
Deer, elk continue to escape from state farms
Article by: DOUG SMITH , Star Tribune Updated: March 14, 2011 - 12:08 PM
Curbing chronic wasting disease remains a concern; officials are increasing
enforcement.
Almost 500 captive deer and elk have escaped from Minnesota farms over the
past five years, and 134 were never recaptured or killed.
So far this year, 17 deer have escaped, and officials are still searching
for many of those.
see ;
Thursday, October 11, 2012
Pennsylvania Confirms First Case CWD Adams County Captive Deer Tests
Positive
Tuesday, November 13, 2012
PENNSYLVANIA 2012 THE GREAT ESCAPE OF CWD
Pennsylvania CWD number of deer exposed and farms there from much greater
than first thought
Published: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 10:44 PM Updated: Wednesday,
October 17, 2012, 11:33 PM
Tuesday, October 23, 2012
PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free
Wednesday, November 07, 2012
PENNSYLVANIA Second Adams County Deer Tests Positive for Chronic Wasting
Disease
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Monday, June 11, 2012
OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting
INDIANA 20 DEER ESCAPE TROPHY BUCK GAME FARM STATE OFFICIALS FEAR CWD RISK
TO WILD
Friday, July 20, 2012
CWD found for first time in Iowa at hunting preserve
Wednesday, September 05, 2012
Additional Facility in Pottawatamie County Iowa Under Quarantine for CWD
after 5 deer test positive
Friday, September 21, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD raises concerns about deer farms in Iowa
MORE CERVIDS ESCAPE GAME FARMS AND POTENTIALLY EXPOSE THE WILD HERD TO CWD
AND OTHER DANGEROUS PATHOGENS
Two ‘elk’ slain near Antoich were European red deer that escaped from farm
BY DALE BOWMAN For Sun-Times Media November 8, 2012 10:28PM
Updated: November 9, 2012 2:31AM
It’s mistaken identity gone wild. Ron Mulholland thought he arrowed two
wild elk last Friday from his deer stand on a farm outside of Antioch.
When James Minogue saw the story in Wednesday’s Sun-Times, he recognized
the pair of breeding European red deer from the herd he helps manage for Avery
Brabender on a farm in unincorporated Antioch. They, along with four others,
escaped some time after Oct. 31 when a gate was opened or left open.
“It amazed me that they think they are elk and wild,’’ Minogue said.
However, elk and red deer are close enough to interbreed.
“I will talk to him,’’ Mulholland said. “I assumed they were wild and
killed them. To me, they were elk. I don’t know. ... I feel bad for the guy that
he would lose them. I reacted because I assumed it was an elk and I shot
him.’’
“You don’t see elk in the wild in Illinois,’’ said Kevin Bettis, the duty
officer in Springfield Thursday for the Illinois Conservation Police.
That’s tricky. A decade ago, Illinois didn’t have wolves or cougars,
either. Both species now make regular appearances.
“These animals were hand-fed: We feed them bread, apples, corn,,’’ Minogue
said. Another tricky part is neither elk nor European red deer are protected or
regulated under Illinois’ wildlife code. But these European red deer are
considered domesticated animals. The herd is registered with the Illinois
Department of Agriculture.
“It is no different than shooting a cow,’’ Bettis said.
However, Capt. Neal Serdar of Region II (northeast Illinois) checked with
CPOs in southern Illinois, where escaped animals of such sort are more a more
frequent issue.
Then he said, “The individual who shot the two red deer did not break any
laws.’’
The Illinois Conservation Police consider the case closed. Whether there is
any civil case would seem tricky at best, since the animals were loose.
Minogue said they recaptured two of the red deer already. He said the
reason there were no ear tags is because they are a “contained, monitored
herd.’’
It sounds like both parties can work it out.
“If it gets down to that, I would give him the antlers,’’ Mulholland said.
“But I kind of feel it is his responsibility.’’
Thursday, February 09, 2012
50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
CWD, GAME FARMS, BAITING, AND POLITICS
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Thursday, February 09, 2012
Colorado Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Oppose Indiana House Bill 1265 game farming cervids
Monday, February 13, 2012
Stop White-tailed Deer Farming from Destroying Tennessee’s Priceless Wild
Deer Herd oppose HB3164
Wednesday, February 15, 2012
West Virginia Deer Farming Bill backed by deer farmers advances, why ? BE
WARNED CWD
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Sen. Tommy Gollott Mississippi proposes another bill to allow CWD in
Mississippi via Game Farms
Wednesday, March 21, 2012
MICHIGAN SENATE BILL 27 TURNS OVER GAME FARMS and CWD RISK FACTORS THERE
FROM, TO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE $
Friday, March 16, 2012
OHIO TURNS OVER CERVID GAME FARMS (and CWD risk) TO DEPARTMENT OF
AGRICULTURE, GOD HELP THEM
As Passed by the Senate
129th General Assembly Regular Session 2011-2012 Am. H. B. No. 389
Ohio ranks #3 in Deer and Elk Farms 2010
Deer farms in 82 of 88 counties in Ohio
Ohio’s Fatal Attractions
An overview of captive wildlife issues in Ohio
April 4, 2011
Updated March 20, 2012
Monday, June 11, 2012
OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting
Monday, November 12, 2012
NJ S2024 - Establishes licensing program in Department of Agriculture for
farmed deer and other cervids in New Jersey
Monday, November 12, 2012
Tennessee The White-tailed Deer Breeding and Farming Act pushes to legalize
deer farming 2012
Saturday, February 04, 2012
Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing Protocol
Needs To Be Revised
Wednesday, January 07, 2009
CWD to tighten taxidermy rules Hunters need to understand regulations
Friday, June 01, 2012
TEXAS DEER CZAR TO WISCONSIN ASK TO EXPLAIN COMMENTS
Friday, October 12, 2012
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) is Now Accepting Comments on Rule
Proposals for “Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)”
TO: comments@tahc.state.tx.us;
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC)
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD RISK FACTORS FOR TRANSMISSION TO HUMANS
Envt.06:
Zoonotic Potential of CWD: Experimental Transmissions to Non-Human Primates
Emmanuel Comoy,1,† Valérie Durand,1 Evelyne Correia,1 Aru Balachandran,2
Jürgen Richt,3 Vincent Beringue,4 Juan-Maria Torres,5 Paul Brown,1 Bob Hills6
and Jean-Philippe Deslys1
1Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; 2Canadian Food
Inspection Agency; Ottawa, ON Canada; 3Kansas State University; Manhattan, KS
USA; 4INRA; Jouy-en-Josas, France; 5INIA; Madrid, Spain; 6Health Canada; Ottawa,
ON Canada
†Presenting author; Email: emmanuel.comoy@cea.fr
The constant increase of chronic wasting disease (CWD) incidence in North
America raises a question about their zoonotic potential. A recent publication
showed their transmissibility to new-world monkeys, but no transmission to
old-world monkeys, which are phylogenetically closer to humans, has so far been
reported. Moreover, several studies have failed to transmit CWD to transgenic
mice overexpressing human PrP. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the
only animal prion disease for which a zoonotic potential has been proven. We
described the transmission of the atypical BSE-L strain of BSE to cynomolgus
monkeys, suggesting a weak cattle-to-primate species barrier. We observed the
same phenomenon with a cattleadapted strain of TME (Transmissible Mink
Encephalopathy). Since cattle experimentally exposed to CWD strains have also
developed spongiform encephalopathies, we inoculated brain tissue from
CWD-infected cattle to three cynomolgus macaques as well as to transgenic mice
overexpressing bovine or human PrP. Since CWD prion strains are highly
lymphotropic, suggesting an adaptation of these agents after peripheral
exposure, a parallel set of four monkeys was inoculated with CWD-infected cervid
brains using the oral route. Nearly four years post-exposure, monkeys exposed to
CWD-related prion strains remain asymptomatic. In contrast, bovinized and
humanized transgenic mice showed signs of infection, suggesting that CWD-related
prion strains may be capable of crossing the cattle-to-primate species barrier.
Comparisons with transmission results and incubation periods obtained after
exposure to other cattle prion strains (c-BSE, BSE-L, BSE-H and cattle-adapted
TME) will also be presented, in order to evaluate the respective risks of each
strain.
Envt.07:
Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free
Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease
Martin L. Daus,1,† Johanna Breyer,2 Katjs Wagenfuehr,1 Wiebke Wemheuer,2
Achim Thomzig,1 Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2 and Michael Beekes1 1Robert Koch
Institut; P24 TSE; Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Neuropathology, Prion and
Dementia Research Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
†Presenting author; Email: dausm@rki.de
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, rapidly spreading
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurring in cervids in North
America. Despite efficient horizontal transmission of CWD among cervids natural
transmission of the disease to other species has not yet been observed. Here, we
report a direct biochemical demonstration of pathological prion protein PrPTSE
and of PrPTSE-associated seeding activity in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected
cervids. The presence of PrPTSE was detected by Western- and postfixed frozen
tissue blotting, while the seeding activity of PrPTSE was revealed by protein
misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). The concentration of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscles of CWD-infected WTD was estimated to be approximately 2000- to
10000-fold lower than in brain tissue. Tissue-blot-analyses revealed that PrPTSE
was located in muscle- associated nerve fascicles but not, in detectable
amounts, in myocytes. The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscle from CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human
diet as a precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further
clarification of whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.
Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
Samuel E. Saunders1, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, and Jason C. Bartz
Author affiliations: University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
(S.E. Saunders, S.L. Bartelt-Hunt); Creighton University, Omaha (J.C. Bartz)
Synopsis
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease
snip...
Most epidemiologic studies and experimental work have suggested that the
potential for CWD transmission to humans is low, and such transmission has not
been documented through ongoing surveillance (2,3). In vitro prion replication
assays report a relatively low efficiency of CWD PrPSc-directed conversion of
human PrPc to PrPSc (30), and transgenic mice overexpressing human PrPc are
resistant to CWD infection (31); these findings indicate low zoonotic potential.
However, squirrel monkeys are susceptible to CWD by intracerebral and oral
inoculation (32). Cynomolgus macaques, which are evolutionarily closer to humans
than squirrel monkeys, are resistant to CWD infection (32). Regardless, the
finding that a primate is orally susceptible to CWD is of concern...
snip...
Reasons for Caution There are several reasons for caution with respect to
zoonotic and interspecies CWD transmission. First, there is strong evidence that
distinct CWD strains exist (36). Prion strains are distinguished by varied
incubation periods, clinical symptoms, PrPSc conformations, and CNS PrPSc
depositions (3,32). Strains have been identified in other natural prion
diseases, including scrapie, BSE, and CJD (3). Intraspecies and interspecies
transmission of prions from CWD-positive deer and elk isolates resulted in
identification of >2 strains of CWD in rodent models (36), indicating that
CWD strains likely exist in cervids. However, nothing is currently known about
natural distribution and prevalence of CWD strains. Currently, host range and
pathogenicity vary with prion strain (28,37). Therefore, zoonotic potential of
CWD may also vary with CWD strain. In addition, diversity in host (cervid) and
target (e.g., human) genotypes further complicates definitive findings of
zoonotic and interspecies transmission potentials of CWD.
Intraspecies and interspecies passage of the CWD agent may also increase
the risk for zoonotic CWD transmission. The CWD prion agent is undergoing serial
passage naturally as the disease continues to emerge. In vitro and in vivo
intraspecies transmission of the CWD agent yields PrPSc with an increased
capacity to convert human PrPc to PrPSc (30). Interspecies prion transmission
can alter CWD host range (38) and yield multiple novel prion strains (3,28). The
potential for interspecies CWD transmission (by cohabitating mammals) will only
increase as the disease spreads and CWD prions continue to be shed into the
environment. This environmental passage itself may alter CWD prions or exert
selective pressures on CWD strain mixtures by interactions with soil, which are
known to vary with prion strain (25), or exposure to environmental or gut
degradation.
Given that prion disease in humans can be difficult to diagnose and the
asymptomatic incubation period can last decades, continued research,
epidemiologic surveillance, and caution in handling risky material remain
prudent as CWD continues to spread and the opportunity for interspecies
transmission increases. Otherwise, similar to what occurred in the United
Kingdom after detection of variant CJD and its subsequent link to BSE, years of
prevention could be lost if zoonotic transmission of CWD is subsequently
identified,...
snip...
Friday, November 09, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other species
Sunday, November 11, 2012
Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease November
2012
Saturday, October 6, 2012
TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM
ENCEPHALOPATHIES 2011 Annual Report
for you files. ...
some old history on game farms and cwd ;
States sorry they ever allowed game farms
State-by-state update on CWD: 27 Jan 99
Montana to ban new game farms July 13, 2000 PRESS RELEASE SPORTSMEN FOR
I-143: Game farm reform initiative qualifies for ballot Contact: Stan Frasier,
406-439-2705
Montana game farm ballot initiative
see old archive on the battle that has been going on for some time against
game farms ;
with kindest regards, terry
layperson
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
flounder9@verizon.net
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
10:03 PM
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