Saturday, April 13, 2013

Tennessee Launches CWD Herd Certification Program in the wake of legislation for game farms

 
Sent: Saturday, April 13, 2013 10:41 AM
 
 
 
Subject: Tennessee Launches CWD Herd Certification Program in the wake of legislation for game farms







Tennessee Launches CWD Herd Certification Program



Friday, April 12, 2013 | 01:05 pm



Voluntary Program aimed at farmed deer, elk and other cervidae



NASHVILLE – The Tennessee Department of Agriculture is launching a voluntary Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Herd Certification Program aimed at preventing the disease in farmed deer, elk and other cervidae in the state.



“Chronic Wasting Disease is a transmissible disease of cervidae that causes weight loss and eventual death of the infected animal,” said assistant state veterinarian Sara Clariday, DVM. “Although the disease has not been diagnosed in Tennessee, we want to work with captive cervidae owners to prevent the introduction of this disease, which could have a severe economic impact on producers in our state.”



The state initiative is part of a national program established last year by USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to provide uniform herd certification standards and to support the domestic and international marketability of U.S. cervid herds. Through participation in the voluntary program, captive cervid facilities certified as being free of CWD will be permitted to move animals across state lines.



Cervids include pure bred or hybrid deer, elk, moose, reindeer, caribou and related species. Sika Deer (Cervus Nippon) are now included in the list of susceptible cervidae for CWD and must achieve certified status before interstate movement. White-tailed deer are not included because it is illegal to keep them in captivity in Tennessee.



Facilities can be certified as disease-free after five years of program enrollment with no evidence of disease, or identification as a trace-back or trace-forward herd in a disease event.



Captive cervid owners interested in participating are required to obtain a premises identification number from the Tennessee Department of Agriculture, provide a complete herd inventory and meet annual inspection requirements. Owners are also required to report the death of any animal 12 months of age or older as well as any escaped animals.



Premises are required to have suitable handling facilities and structurally sound eight-foot perimeter fences. Animals 12 months of age and older, as well as animals under 12 months of age moved from the premises, are required to have proper identification.



State animal health officials are currently working with 10 captive cervid facilities operating in the state. Captive cervid owners interested in participating in the program should contact TDA assistant state veterinarian Sara Clariday at 615-837-5120 or email sara.clariday@tn.gov. A complete list of program requirements can be found online at www.tn.gov/agriculture/regulatory/animals.shtml under Orders of the State Veterinarian.

















Greetings Tennessean Hunters et al, and politicians,




well, the writing is on the wall Tennessee hunters.



it’s only a matter a time for Tennessee and CWD, and the big ag and officials can’t wait for it $$$



it’s only a matter of time now Tennesseans, and your state too will be full of CWD.




sad...






Monday, November 12, 2012


Tennessee The White-tailed Deer Breeding and Farming Act pushes to legalize deer farming 2012







Monday, February 13, 2012


Stop White-tailed Deer Farming from Destroying Tennessee's Priceless Wild Deer Herd oppose HB3164







Tuesday, April 02, 2013


IMPORTANT: Cervid Industry and State Veterinarians on Rewriting Chronic Wasting Disease Rule







Monday, March 18, 2013


PROCEEDINGS ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING of the UNITED STATES ANIMAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION September 29 – October 5, 2011


see updated 2012 RESOLUTIONS







Saturday, March 23, 2013


Rep. Matt Ubelhor of Bloomfield is going to amend Senate Bill 487 to include the legalization of “canned” deer hunting operations in Indiana ?







Tuesday, April 02, 2013


Indiana panel votes to allow fenced deer preserves 'shooting pens'








seems now all that stands between the wild herds in Indiana and CWD is the Honorable Senator Long. ...





From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.


Sent: Tuesday, April 09, 2013 10:26 AM




Subject: CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE AND CAPTIVE SHOOTING PENS




Greetings Honorable Senator David Long,


I would like to applaud your efforts to stop these captive cervid shooting pens in your state.



snip...end...tss








Canned Hunting in Indiana



Although last year’s bill (HB1265) stalled in the senate, Canned Hunting is back on the table in 2013. HB 1194 looks to legalized hunting preserves in Indiana.



As David Long says, canned hunting is "...not real hunting. It fences in these animals. Almost every real hunter that I talk to says it's a terrible idea and they don't support it."



IWF urges you to take the time to write and call your legislators, write your letters to the Editor, etc. All of your efforts are of great value in this fight.



What you need to know about “canned hunting” and HB 1194: HB 1194 looks to legalize hunting preserves and canned hunting in Indiana. These are the reasons we should say NO to HB 1194:



Where do these deer come from? The trophy bucks that end up on hunting preserves start out on small farms, where farmers selectively breed their deer to produce bucks with large, impressive antlers. These bucks are not wild; they are raised in captivity The bucks are fed, medicated, and habituated to humans before they are sold to hunting preserves.



What happens at hunting preserves? Once at the hunting preserve, these captive deer are held in high density populations that promote the spread of disease. Of particular is Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), a contagious neurological disease that spreads quickly among captive herd and is transmitted by animal to animal contact or animal to soil contact. Soil contaminated with CWD carries the disease vector for years, and deer must be excluded from the area to avoid spreading the disease. There is no cure for CWD; death is always the result.



The term “canned hunting” comes from the hunting practices that are common on hunting preserves and violate the principle of fair case. “Hunters” pay a large fee to enter the fenced-off enclosure and shoot a trophy buck. Being raised by humans and habituated to human presence, these deer often do not show the same aversion to humans that wild deer would. Furthermore, footage of these hunts shows that deer are often injured or drugged before they are set loose to be hunted.



What are the consequences of legalizing hunting preserves in Indiana? One of Indiana Wildlife Federation’s primary concerns with canned hunting is the threat to wildlife heath, which in turn threatens Indiana’s economy. So far, Indiana has avoided CWD. However, CWD is a high risk in dense deer populations such as those kept by hunting preserves. Additionally, many deer at hunting preserves are transported from other states where CWD has been documented. This interstate transport of deer increases the chance of the disease coming into Indiana. We’ve already had a close call. Late last year it was discovered that a deer farm in Pennsylvania had CWD in its herd, and that some of the exposed deer had been transported to a deer farm in Indiana. By the time the Board of Animal Health contacted the Indiana hunting preserve to test their herd for CWD, some of the exposed deer had already escaped through an open fence. One exposed trophy buck is still unaccounted for, and is evidence that CWD can easily jump from captive herds to wild deer populations.



The real threat in all of this is the risk that CWD will spread from hunting preserves to Indiana’s wild deer population. If this were to happen, CWD management in Indiana would cost the state huge amounts of money. Disease surveillance programs would have to be dramatically increased and new disease management steps would have to be taken at the state’s expense. This burden to the state’s economy has already been seen in the 23 states that have CWD in their wild and/or captive deer populations; Wisconsin alone has now spent more than 50 million dollars fighting CWD. Illinois spends nearly $1 million a year fighting CWD. The money to fight CWD comes from hunting and fishing license sales—the source of funds for the IDNR Fish and Wildlife budget. CWD would divert funds from other programs that support wildlife and wildlife habitat programs.



Hunting preserves violate ethical standards and threaten Indiana’s economy. Join IWF in saying NO to canned hunting and HB 1194. • Read IWF's information sheet on canned hunting and our position on last year’s HB 1265: IWF Comments on HB1265 Canned Hunting













Wednesday, November 14, 2012


PENNSYLVANIA 2012 THE GREAT ESCAPE OF CWD INVESTIGATION MOVES INTO LOUISIANA and INDIANA








Pennsylvania CWD number of deer exposed and farms there from much greater than first thought


Published: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 10:44 PM Updated: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 11:33 PM








Tuesday, October 23, 2012


PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free








HERE, we see why these shooting pen owners some much like the USDA oversight of these game farms ;




USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”




problem solved $$$...TSS


S



unday, January 06, 2013


USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”








what happened to the PA deer from the CWD index heard that went to Louisiana ???




or Indiana ???








Tuesday, December 18, 2012


A Growing Threat How deer breeding could put public trust wildlife at risk









Friday, December 14, 2012



DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012



snip...



In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.



Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:


1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and


2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.



Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.



The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.



Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB.



There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products.



snip...



36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).



The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition, signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).



Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB, for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the human food-chain via affected venison.



snip...



The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).



snip...



In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with CWD prion.



snip...



In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing, footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible. For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with these estimates.



snip...



Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists and returning GB residents.




snip... see full text report here ;






Friday, December 14, 2012


DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012








Filmed Saturday, March 16th as part of 85th OFAH Annual General Meeting and Fish & Wildlife Conference.



I was to come here and explain federal policy on cwd.



it’s a mad cow type disease, and come to Canada with game farm animals, and spread from game farms to the wild just like the science suggested it would.



and so, with this completely out of control now, and now having gone not just to deer, but found in elk in Canada, and recently found in Alberta in a Moose.



there are no known barriers and we don’t know where the heck is going to end up, but the prognosis is nothing but bad.



so, what is the federal gov. protocol regarding CWD?



couple of problems here, we really don’t have a protocol for CWD. everything is in flux, task force has 10 of the 18 members who’s agenda is not to really solve the problem, they want to perpetuate what brought it here, there agenda is to promote game farming. so we don’t’ have a protocol, and were not going to get one.



game farming fostered a massive epidemic of chronic wasting disease. it was brought here with game farm animals.



this TSE is highly contagious between living animals.



what happens if this jumps to people like mad cow did ?



could be one of the worst pandemics in history.



snip...



please see this very disturbing video speaking on the damage these shooting pens have done to the wild...








Friday, April 12, 2013


Federal Protocol on Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) - Darrel Rowledge, Alliance for Public Wildlife







December 01, 2012


The CDC for wildlife ​National center at forefront of wildlife disease research Posted on November 19, 2012 By R. Scott Nolen







Saturday, February 04, 2012


Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing Protocol Needs To Be Revised







Friday, May 13, 2011



Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the Republic of Korea Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the Republic of Korea



On 28 December 2000, information from the Canadian government showed that a total of 95 elk had been exported from farms with CWD to Korea. These consisted of 23 elk in 1994 originating from the so-called “source farm” in Canada, and 72 elk in 1997, which had been held in pre export quarantine at the “source farm”.Based on export information of CWD suspected elk from Canada to Korea, CWD surveillance program was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) in 2001. All elks imported in 1997 were traced back, however elks imported in 1994 were impossible to identify. CWD control measures included stamping out of all animals in the affected farm, and thorough cleaning and disinfection of the premises.



In addition, nationwide clinical surveillance of Korean native cervids, and improved measures to ensure reporting of CWD suspect cases were implemented. Total of 9 elks were found to be affected. CWD was designated as a notifiable disease under the Act for Prevention of Livestock Epidemics in 2002.



Additional CWD cases - 12 elks and 2 elks - were diagnosed in 2004 and 2005.



Since February of 2005, when slaughtered elks were found to be positive, all slaughtered cervid for human consumption at abattoirs were designated as target of the CWD surveillance program.



Currently, CWD laboratory testing is only conducted by National Reference Laboratory on CWD, which is the Foreign Animal Disease Division (FADD) of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS).



In July 2010, one out of 3 elks from Farm 1 which were slaughtered for the human consumption was confirmed as positive.



Consequently, all cervid – 54 elks, 41 Sika deer and 5 Albino deer – were culled and one elk was found to be positive.



Epidemiological investigations were conducted by Veterinary Epidemiology Division (VED) of NVRQS in collaboration with provincial veterinary services.



Epidemiologically related farms were found as 3 farms and all cervid at these farms were culled and subjected to CWD diagnosis.



Three elks and 5 crossbreeds (Red deer and Sika deer) were confirmed as positive at farm 2. All cervids at Farm 3 and Farm 4 – 15 elks and 47 elks – were culled and confirmed as negative.



Further epidemiological investigations showed that these CWD outbreaks were linked to the importation of elks from Canada in 1994 based on circumstantial evidences.



In December 2010, one elk was confirmed as positive at Farm 5. Consequently, all cervid – 3 elks, 11 Manchurian Sika deer and 20 Sika deer – were culled and one Manchurian Sika deer and seven Sika deer were found to be positive.



This is the first report of CWD in these sub-species of deer. Epidemiological investigations found that the owner of the Farm 2 in CWD outbreaks in July 2010 had co-owned the Farm 5. In addition, it was newly revealed that one positive elk was introduced from Farm 6 of Jinju-si Gyeongsang Namdo. All cervid – 19 elks, 15 crossbreed (species unknown) and 64 Sika deer – of Farm 6 were culled, but all confirmed as negative.



: Corresponding author: Dr. Hyun-Joo Sohn (+82-31-467-1867, E-mail: shonhj@korea.kr)




2011 Pre-congress Workshop: TSEs in animals and their environment 5


















Additional Cases of Chronic Wasting Disease in Imported Deer in Korea




*Tae-Yung KIM1) 3), *Hyun-Joo SHON2), *Yi-Seok JOO2), *Un-Kyong MUN2), *Kyung-Sun KANG3), *Yong-Soon LEE3)




1) Animal Health Division, Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry 2) National Veterinary Research & Quarantine Service 3) Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University




Released 2005/09/05 received 2005/01/21 accepted 2005/05/27 Keywords: Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), horizontal transmission




Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD), which had previously occurred only in the U.S.A. and Canada, broke out in a farm at Chungbuk, Korea from imported Canadian deer (Aug. 8, 2001). CWD distribution, through surveillance and epidemiologic investigations, was reported for 93 deer (43 from the CWD originating farm and 50 imported with the CWD originating farm's deer) out of 144 deer (72 from the CWD originating farm and 72 imported with the CWD originating farm's deer) that were breeding at 30 different farms. On Oct. 4 and Oct. 8, 2001, additional cases of CWD were investigated. As a result of slaughtering cohabitating deer, it was verified that other imported deer from Canada were also infected with CWD. Since it was thought that this might cause horizontal transmission, 93 deer imported from Canada in 1997 and 130 cohabitating Korean deer were slaughtered and examined. There were no infected Korean deer, but CWD re-occurred on Nov. 20, 2004 and is still under investigation.













SOME HISTORY ON CAPTIVE SHOOTING PENS IN NORTH AMERICA, AND CWD THERE FROM...TSS








http://www.mad-cow.org/99feb_cwd_special.html#ccc
 
 



 
 
 
 


Friday, May 13, 2011


Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the Republic of Korea









Tuesday, June 05, 2012


Captive Deer Breeding Legislation Overwhelmingly Defeated During 2012 Legislative Session









***




The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier. Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.








Friday, November 09, 2012


*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other species







Sunday, November 11, 2012


*** Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease November 2012







Friday, December 14, 2012


Susceptibility Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in wild cervids to Humans 2005 - December 14, 2012






The chances of a person or domestic animal contracting CWD are “extremely remote,” Richards said. The possibility can’t be ruled out, however. “One could look at it like a game of chance,” he explained. “The odds (of infection) increase over time because of repeated exposure. That’s one of the downsides of having CWD in free-ranging herds: We’ve got this infectious agent out there that we can never say never to in terms of (infecting) people and domestic livestock.”










 
 
 
 

please note, I do not know how much of this 125 TONS of banned mad cow protein was part of the ;




e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;


bbbut, this was about 10 years post mad cow feed ban from 1997. 10 years later, and still feeding banned mad cow protein to cervids???


considering that .005 gram is lethal to several bovines, and we know that the oral consumption of CWD tainted products is very efficient mode of transmission of CWD.


Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006


Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST


PRODUCT


a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;


b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;


c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;


d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;


***e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;


f) CO-OP 40% Hog Supplement Medicated Pelleted, Tylosin 100 grams/ton, 50 lb. bag, Recall # V-105-6;


g) Pig Starter Pell II, 18% W/MCDX Medicated 282020, Carbadox -- 0.0055%, Recall # V-106-6;


h) CO-OP STARTER-GROWER CRUMBLES, Complete Feed for Chickens from Hatch to 20 Weeks, Medicated, Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate, 25 and 50 Lbs, Recall # V-107-6;


i) CO-OP LAYING PELLETS, Complete Feed for Laying Chickens, Recall # 108-6;


j) CO-OP LAYING CRUMBLES, Recall # V-109-6;


k) CO-OP QUAIL FLIGHT CONDITIONER MEDICATED, net wt 50 Lbs, Recall # V-110-6;


l) CO-OP QUAIL STARTER MEDICATED, Net Wt. 50 Lbs, Recall # V-111-6;


m) CO-OP QUAIL GROWER MEDICATED, 50 Lbs, Recall # V-112-6


CODE


Product manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006


RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER


Alabama Farmers Cooperative, Inc., Decatur, AL, by telephone, fax, email and visit on June 9, 2006. FDA initiated recall is complete.


REASON


Animal and fish feeds which were possibly contaminated with ruminant based protein not labeled as "Do not feed to ruminants".


VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE


125 tons


DISTRIBUTION


AL and FL


END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR AUGUST 2, 2006


###








10,000,000 lbs banned blood laced meat and bone meal mbm 2007









pens, PENS, PENS ???




*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD. The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr. Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had previously been occupied by sheep.









now, decades later ;




2012


PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer


Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA


Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. The purpose of these experiments was to determine susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD) to scrapie and to compare the resultant clinical signs, lesions, and molecular profiles of PrPSc to those of chronic wasting disease (CWD). We inoculated WTD intracranially (IC; n = 5) and by a natural route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal (IN); n = 5) with a US scrapie isolate. All deer were inoculated with a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate from sheep with scrapie (1ml IC, 1 ml IN, 30 ml oral). All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc accumulation. PrPSc was detected in lymphoid tissues as early as 7 months-post-inoculation (PI) and a single deer that was necropsied at 15.6 months had widespread distribution of PrPSc highlighting that PrPSc is widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues prior to the onset of clinical signs. IC inoculated deer necropsied after 20 months PI (3/5) had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in WTD after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile similar to CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.










2011



*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie.








Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)



Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. We inoculated white-tailed deer intracranially (IC) and by a natural route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal inoculation) with a US scrapie isolate. All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc accumulation and those necropsied after 20 months post-inoculation (PI) (3/5) had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. A single deer that was necropsied at 15.6 months PI did not have clinical signs, but had widespread distribution of PrPSc. This highlights the facts that 1) prior to the onset of clinical signs PrPSc is widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues and 2) currently used diagnostic methods are sufficient to detect PrPSc prior to the onset of clinical signs. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in white-tailed deer after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile consistent with CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.



Committee Business:


The Committee discussed and approved three resolutions regarding CWD. They can be found in the report of the Reswolutions Committee. Essentially the resolutions urged USDA-APHIS-VS to:


Continue to provide funding for CWD testing of captive cervids


Finalize and publish the national CWD rule for Herd Certification and Interstate Movement


Evaluate live animal test, including rectal mucosal biopsy, for CWD in cervids











2011 Annual Report


Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit


2011 Annual Report


In Objective 1, Assess cross-species transmissibility of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in livestock and wildlife, numerous experiments assessing the susceptibility of various TSEs in different host species were conducted. Most notable is deer inoculated with scrapie, which exhibits similarities to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer suggestive of sheep scrapie as an origin of CWD.


snip...


4.Accomplishments 1. Deer inoculated with domestic isolates of sheep scrapie. Scrapie-affected deer exhibit 2 different patterns of disease associated prion protein. In some regions of the brain the pattern is much like that observed for scrapie, while in others it is more like chronic wasting disease (CWD), the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy typically associated with deer. This work conducted by ARS scientists at the National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA suggests that an interspecies transmission of sheep scrapie to deer may have been the origin of CWD. This is important for husbandry practices with both captive deer, elk and sheep for farmers and ranchers attempting to keep their herds and flocks free of CWD and scrapie.






 
 
 
 

White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection


Jodi D. Smith, Justin J. Greenlee, and Robert A. Kunkle; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS


Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. Previous experiments demonstrated that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep-derived scrapie by intracranial inoculation. The purpose of this study was to determine susceptibility of white-tailed deer to scrapie after a natural route of exposure. Deer (n=5) were inoculated by concurrent oral (30 ml) and intranasal (1 ml) instillation of a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate derived from a sheep clinically affected with scrapie. Non-inoculated deer were maintained as negative controls. All deer were observed daily for clinical signs. Deer were euthanized and necropsied when neurologic disease was evident, and tissues were examined for abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB). One animal was euthanized 15 months post-inoculation (MPI) due to an injury. At that time, examination of obex and lymphoid tissues by IHC was positive, but WB of obex and colliculus were negative. Remaining deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 MPI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation. In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine similarities between scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic wasting disease resulting from similar routes of inoculation.


see full text ;









how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from, each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd infected cervid game ranch type farms ???




? game farms in a state X $465,000., do all these game farms have insurance to pay for this risk of infected the wild cervid herds, in each state ???




how many game farms, are too many game farms ?




when you have states handing out shooting pen permits like candy on halloween, just to advance their coffers, then other states wanting to do the same thing, with most all of them ignoring the science on shooting pens and cwd, what do you expect is going to happen.




when is enough, enough ?




Tuesday, December 20, 2011


CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm Update DECEMBER 2011


The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American captive herd.


RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for $465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and approve the restrictions on public use of the site.


Form 1100-001


(R 2/11)


NATURAL RESOURCES BOARD AGENDA ITEM


SUBJECT: Information Item: Almond Deer Farm Update


FOR: DECEMBER 2011 BOARD MEETING


TUESDAY


TO BE PRESENTED BY TITLE: Tami Ryan, Wildlife Health Section Chief





SUMMARY:













SEE MORE USAHA REPORTS HERE, 2012 NOT PUBLISHED YET...TSS
















the captive cervid industry has been helping spreading cwd for decades into the wild, to other farms, and to other countries (Korea), and it's high time to stop it. if you are fortunate enough to have a bunch of land and a bunch of money, that should not give you the right to pen up a bunch of cervids, modify these cervids to look like an alien with it's man made spreads, then put a cow bell on the back of a truck at feeding time, pay an absurd fee to shoot these straw bred bucks, call it livestock, and then go out and shoot it and call it hunting i.e. a sport, and then spread cwd to hail and back. to me, it would be like going out on a big hunt, in the pasture down the street and killing a cow every time i want to eat a steak, mounting the head, hanging it on the wall, and calling it a sport. i just don't see it, but if some folks have to do it, for whatever reason, and it's legal, i think you must have an insurance policy from Loyd's of London or whom ever, that would cover what ever cost to that state you are in, if a case of cwd is detected on your farm, to cover the cost to that state, for ever farm that is confirmed with cwd. that should put a fast track on validated a cwd live test, which they have, to test cervids, and rapidly expedite the validating of the many other cwd/tse/prion test that are in the pipeline. but if you don't test, if you don't test correctly, if you don't test all ages, if you don't test in large enough numbers to find, if you don't test where you know it might be, you probably will not find it. ...







WILD DEER AND ELK



NUMBER OF CWD TESTING WILD DEER AND ELK 2002 - 2012 = 910,136.











VOLUNTARY captive shooting pen farmed deer and elk program



number of CWD testing samples 2002-2012 = 188,624.











this is minus the SSS policy of the dead captive cervids found $ (old mountain lion must have eaten it???), or (that old sickly looking deer that might have CWD, just happened to escape???) ;














layperson




Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518 flounder9@verizon.net



posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at 10:40 AM

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