CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION DISEASE, GAME FARMS, AND POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS THERE FROM
WHEN folks start telling you that all deer or elk on game farms are tested
for CWD across the USA or Canada, please believe that this is a false statement.
WHEN folks start telling you that they don’t have escaped deer or elk, and
that there is no problem there from elsewhere, please believe that this is a
false statement.
WHEN folks start telling you that deer or elk are not fed animal protein
that could contain the TSE prion, please believe that this is a false
statement.
WHEN folks start telling you that CWD TSE prion is not a risk factor for
the environment, the animals, or humans, please believe that this is a false
statement.
PRION 2014 CONFERENCE HELD IN ITALY RECENTLY, SOME HIGHLIGHTS ON DIFFERENT
ABSTRACTS ON CWD ;
***We hypothesize that both BSE prions and CWD prions passaged through
felines will seed human recPrP more efficiently than BSE or CWD from the
original hosts, evidence that the new host will dampen the species barrier
between humans and BSE or CWD. The new host effect is particularly relevant as
we investigate potential means of trans-species transmission of prion
disease....
P.28: Modeling prion species barriers and the new host effect using
RT-QuIC
Kristen A Davenport, Davin M Henderson, Candace K Mathiason, and Edward A
Hoover Prion Research Center; Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO
USA
The propensity for trans-species prion transmission is related to the
structural characteristics of the enciphering and heterologous PrP, but the
exact mechanism remains mostly mysterious. Studies of the effects of primary or
tertiary prion protein www.landesbioscience.com Prion 37 structures on
trans-species prion transmission have relied upon animal bioassays, making the
influence of prion protein structure vs. host co-factors (e.g. cellular
constituents, trafficking, and innate immune interactions) difficult to dissect.
As an alternative strategy, we are using real-time quaking-induced conversion
(RT-QuIC) to investigate the propensity for and the kinetics of trans-species
prion conversion. RT-QuIC has the advantage of providing more defined conditions
of seeded conversion to study the specific role of native PrP:PrPRES
interactions as a component of the species barrier.
*** We are comparing chronic wasting disease (CWD) and bovine spongiform
encephalopathy (BSE) prions by seeding each prion into its native host recPrP
(full-length bovine recPrP, or white tail deer recPrP) vs. into the heterologous
species. Upon establishing the characteristics of intra-species and
inter-species prion seeding for CWD and BSE prions, we will evaluate the seeding
kinetics and cross-species seeding efficiencies of BSE and CWD passaged into a
common new host—feline—shown to be a permissive host for both CWD and BSE.
***We hypothesize that both BSE prions and CWD prions passaged through
felines will seed human recPrP more efficiently than BSE or CWD from the
original hosts, evidence that the new host will dampen the species barrier
between humans and BSE or CWD. The new host effect is particularly relevant as
we investigate potential means of trans-species transmission of prion
disease.
Monday, June 23, 2014
PRION 2014 CONFERENCE
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
A FEW FINDINGS ;
Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first established experimental
model of CWD in TgSB3985. We found evidence for co-existence or divergence of
two CWD strains adapted to Tga20 mice and their replication in TgSB3985 mice.
Finally, we observed phenotypic differences between cervid-derived CWD and
CWD/Tg20 strains upon propagation in TgSB3985 mice. Further studies are underway
to characterize these strains.
We conclude that TSE infectivity is likely to survive burial for long time
periods with minimal loss of infectivity and limited movement from the original
burial site. However PMCA results have shown that there is the potential for
rainwater to elute TSE related material from soil which could lead to the
contamination of a wider area. These experiments reinforce the importance of
risk assessment when disposing of TSE risk materials.
The results show that even highly diluted PrPSc can bind efficiently to
polypropylene, stainless steel, glass, wood and stone and propagate the
conversion of normal prion protein. For in vivo experiments, hamsters were ic
injected with implants incubated in 1% 263K-infected brain homogenate. Hamsters,
inoculated with 263K-contaminated implants of all groups, developed typical
signs of prion disease, whereas control animals inoculated with non-contaminated
materials did not.
Our data establish that meadow voles are permissive to CWD via peripheral
exposure route, suggesting they could serve as an environmental reservoir for
CWD. Additionally, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that at least two
strains of CWD circulate in naturally-infected cervid populations and provide
evidence that meadow voles are a useful tool for CWD strain typing.
Conclusion. CWD prions are shed in saliva and urine of infected deer as
early as 3 months post infection and throughout the subsequent >1.5 year
course of infection. In current work we are examining the relationship of
prionemia to excretion and the impact of excreted prion binding to surfaces and
particulates in the environment.
Conclusion. CWD prions (as inferred by prion seeding activity by RT-QuIC)
are shed in urine of infected deer as early as 6 months post inoculation and
throughout the subsequent disease course. Further studies are in progress
refining the real-time urinary prion assay sensitivity and we are examining more
closely the excretion time frame, magnitude, and sample variables in
relationship to inoculation route and prionemia in naturally and experimentally
CWD-infected cervids.
Conclusions. Our results suggested that the odds of infection for CWD is
likely controlled by areas that congregate deer thus increasing direct
transmission (deer-to-deer interactions) or indirect transmission
(deer-to-environment) by sharing or depositing infectious prion proteins in
these preferred habitats. Epidemiology of CWD in the eastern U.S. is likely
controlled by separate factors than found in the Midwestern and endemic areas
for CWD and can assist in performing more efficient surveillance efforts for the
region.
Conclusions. During the pre-symptomatic stage of CWD infection and
throughout the course of disease deer may be shedding multiple LD50 doses per
day in their saliva. CWD prion shedding through saliva and excreta may account
for the unprecedented spread of this prion disease in nature.
Monday, June 23, 2014
*** PRION 2014 CONFERENCE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
Monday, June 23, 2014
*** PRION 2014 CONFERENCE TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL BSE AND CJD REPORT UPDATES
> First transmission of CWD to transgenic mice over-expressing bovine
prion protein gene (TgSB3985)
PRION 2014 - PRIONS: EPIGENETICS and NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES – Shaping
up the future of prion research
Animal TSE Workshop 10.40 – 11.05 Talk Dr. L. Cervenakova First
transmission of CWD to transgenic mice over-expressing bovine prion protein gene
(TgSB3985)
UPDATED CORRESPONDENCE FROM AUTHORS OF THIS STUDY I.E. COLBY, PRUSINER ET
AL, ABOUT MY CONCERNS OF THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THEIR FIGURES AND MY FIGURES OF
THE STUDIES ON CWD TRANSMISSION TO CATTLE ;
CWD to cattle figures CORRECTION
Greetings,
I believe the statement and quote below is incorrect ;
"CWD has been transmitted to cattle after intracerebral inoculation,
although the infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al. 2001]). This
finding raised concerns that CWD prions might be transmitted to cattle grazing
in contaminated pastures."
Please see ;
Within 26 months post inoculation, 12 inoculated animals had lost weight,
revealed abnormal clinical signs, and were euthanatized. Laboratory tests
revealed the presence of a unique pattern of the disease agent in tissues of
these animals. These findings demonstrate that when CWD is directly inoculated
into the brain of cattle, 86% of inoculated cattle develop clinical signs of the
disease.
" although the infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al.
2001]). "
shouldn't this be corrected, 86% is NOT a low rate. ...
kindest regards,
Terry S. Singeltary Sr. P.O. Box 42 Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
Thank you!
Thanks so much for your updates/comments. We intend to publish as rapidly
as possible all updates/comments that contribute substantially to the topic
under discussion.
re-Prions David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2 + Author
Affiliations
1Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 2Department of Neurology, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 Correspondence:
stanley@ind.ucsf.edu
Mule deer, white-tailed deer, and elk have been reported to develop CWD. As
the only prion disease identified in free-ranging animals, CWD appears to be far
more communicable than other forms of prion disease. CWD was first described in
1967 and was reported to be a spongiform encephalopathy in 1978 on the basis of
histopathology of the brain. Originally detected in the American West, CWD has
spread across much of North America and has been reported also in South Korea.
In captive populations, up to 90% of mule deer have been reported to be positive
for prions (Williams and Young 1980). The incidence of CWD in cervids living in
the wild has been estimated to be as high as 15% (Miller et al. 2000). The
development of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing cervid PrP, and thus susceptible
to CWD, has enhanced detection of CWD and the estimation of prion titers
(Browning et al. 2004; Tamgüney et al. 2006). Shedding of prions in the feces,
even in presymptomatic deer, has been identified as a likely source of infection
for these grazing animals (Williams and Miller 2002; Tamgüney et al. 2009b). CWD
has been transmitted to cattle after intracerebral inoculation, although the
infection rate was low (4 of 13 animals [Hamir et al. 2001]). This finding
raised concerns that CWD prions might be transmitted to cattle grazing in
contaminated pastures.
snip...
----- Original Message -----
From: David Colby To: flounder9@verizon.net
Cc: stanley@XXXXXXXX
Sent: Tuesday, March 01, 2011 8:25 AM
Subject: Re: FW: re-Prions David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2 +
Author Affiliations
Dear Terry Singeltary,
Thank you for your correspondence regarding the review article Stanley
Prusiner and I recently wrote for Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives. Dr. Prusiner
asked that I reply to your message due to his busy schedule. We agree that the
transmission of CWD prions to beef livestock would be a troubling development
and assessing that risk is important. In our article, we cite a peer-reviewed
publication reporting confirmed cases of laboratory transmission based on
stringent criteria. The less stringent criteria for transmission described in
the abstract you refer to lead to the discrepancy between your numbers and ours
and thus the interpretation of the transmission rate. We stand by our assessment
of the literature--namely that the transmission rate of CWD to bovines appears
relatively low, but we recognize that even a low transmission rate could have
important implications for public health and we thank you for bringing attention
to this matter. Warm Regards, David Colby -- David Colby, PhDAssistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering University of Delaware
===========END...TSS==============
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN Wednesday, September 08, 2010 CWD PRION
CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010
Sunday, August 19, 2012
Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk
after intracranial inoculation 2012
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research
Unit
Thursday, November 21, 2013
*** Assessing the susceptibility of transgenic mice over-expressing deer
prion protein to bovine spongiform encephalopathy
The present study was designed to assess the susceptibility of the
prototypic mouse line, Tg(CerPrP)1536+/- to bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE) prions, which have the ability to overcome species barriers.
Tg(CerPrP)1536+/- mice challenged with red deer-adapted BSE resulted in a
90-100% attack rates, BSE from cattle failed to transmit, indicating agent
adaptation in the deer.
*** please note ;
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients.
For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that
these animals do not enter the animal feed system.
*** However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants. The
amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to
GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may
constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed
animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a greater than negligible
risk that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk
protein is imported into GB. There is uncertainty associated with this estimate
given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being
imported in these products.
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
Sunday, June 22, 2014
Governor Nixon Missouri Urged to VETO Legislation turning over captive
shooting pens to USDA
snip...
PLEASE WATCH THIS VIDEO OF A CAPTIVE SHOOTING PEN HUNT.
THIS IS NOT HUNTING FOLKS, THIS IS JUST SLAUGHTERING A DEFENSELESS ANIMAL,
AND HAVING TO PROP IT UP TO DO THAT $$$
Michigan 2005 237 captive shooting pens not in compliance
March 2005 DNR Audit
37 % or 237 captive pens not in compliance.
96% that died were not tested for CWD, as was required.
700 captive pens had inadequate fencing.
tranquilizing target deer...
Measuring antlers to verify scores for record book.
Scooping up with front in loading tractor, and dumping into small 3 to 5
acre pen to be shot for up to $20,000.00
how did the fix the problem, turned the DNR over to the USDA et al, problem
solved...
‘’The rich...who are content to buy what they have not the skill to get by
their own exertions, these are the real enemies of game’’
Theodore Roosevelt’s Principles of the Hunt
snip...see full text ;
Sunday, June 22, 2014
Governor Nixon Missouri Urged to VETO Legislation turning over captive
shooting pens to USDA
An extremely informative and effective video was just released at http://NoAccidentFilm.com
I encourage you to invest 12 minutes and watch it. And spread it around.
It's very powerful and timely, give that the confined cervid lobby is blanketing
the legislature and the public with very misleading propaganda videos.
CWD NO ACCIDENT
spreading cwd around...tss
Between 1996 and 2002, chronic wasting disease was diagnosed in 39 herds of
farmed elk in Saskatchewan in a single epidemic. All of these herds were
depopulated as part of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s (CFIA) disease
eradication program. Animals, primarily over 12 mo of age, were tested for the
presence CWD prions following euthanasia. Twenty-one of the herds were linked
through movements of live animals with latent CWD from a single infected source
herd in Saskatchewan, 17 through movements of animals from 7 of the secondarily
infected herds.
***The source herd is believed to have become infected via importation of
animals from a game farm in South Dakota where CWD was subsequently diagnosed
(7,4). A wide range in herd prevalence of CWD at the time of herd depopulation
of these herds was observed. Within-herd transmission was observed on some
farms, while the disease remained confined to the introduced animals on other
farms.
spreading cwd around...tss
Friday, May 13, 2011
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the
Republic of Korea Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance
program in the Republic of Korea
Hyun-Joo Sohn, Yoon-Hee Lee, Min-jeong Kim, Eun-Im Yun, Hyo-Jin Kim,
Won-Yong Lee, Dong-Seob Tark, In- Soo Cho, Foreign Animal Disease Research
Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Republic of Korea
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been recognized as an important prion
disease in native North America deer and Rocky mountain elks. The disease is a
unique member of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), which
naturally affects only a few species. CWD had been limited to USA and Canada
until 2000.
On 28 December 2000, information from the Canadian government showed that a
total of 95 elk had been exported from farms with CWD to Korea. These consisted
of 23 elk in 1994 originating from the so-called “source farm” in Canada, and 72
elk in 1997, which had been held in pre export quarantine at the “source
farm”.Based on export information of CWD suspected elk from Canada to Korea, CWD
surveillance program was initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
(MAF) in 2001.
All elks imported in 1997 were traced back, however elks imported in 1994
were impossible to identify. CWD control measures included stamping out of all
animals in the affected farm, and thorough cleaning and disinfection of the
premises. In addition, nationwide clinical surveillance of Korean native
cervids, and improved measures to ensure reporting of CWD suspect cases were
implemented.
Total of 9 elks were found to be affected. CWD was designated as a
notifiable disease under the Act for Prevention of Livestock Epidemics in 2002.
Additional CWD cases - 12 elks and 2 elks - were diagnosed in 2004 and
2005.
Since February of 2005, when slaughtered elks were found to be positive,
all slaughtered cervid for human consumption at abattoirs were designated as
target of the CWD surveillance program. Currently, CWD laboratory testing is
only conducted by National Reference Laboratory on CWD, which is the Foreign
Animal Disease Division (FADD) of National Veterinary Research and Quarantine
Service (NVRQS).
In July 2010, one out of 3 elks from Farm 1 which were slaughtered for the
human consumption was confirmed as positive. Consequently, all cervid – 54 elks,
41 Sika deer and 5 Albino deer – were culled and one elk was found to be
positive. Epidemiological investigations were conducted by Veterinary
Epidemiology Division (VED) of NVRQS in collaboration with provincial veterinary
services.
Epidemiologically related farms were found as 3 farms and all cervid at
these farms were culled and subjected to CWD diagnosis. Three elks and 5
crossbreeds (Red deer and Sika deer) were confirmed as positive at farm 2.
All cervids at Farm 3 and Farm 4 – 15 elks and 47 elks – were culled and
confirmed as negative.
Further epidemiological investigations showed that these CWD outbreaks were
linked to the importation of elks from Canada in 1994 based on circumstantial
evidences.
In December 2010, one elk was confirmed as positive at Farm 5.
Consequently, all cervid – 3 elks, 11 Manchurian Sika deer and 20 Sika deer –
were culled and one Manchurian Sika deer and seven Sika deer were found to be
positive. This is the first report of CWD in these sub-species of deer.
Epidemiological investigations found that the owner of the Farm 2 in CWD
outbreaks in July 2010 had co-owned the Farm 5.
In addition, it was newly revealed that one positive elk was introduced
from Farm 6 of Jinju-si Gyeongsang Namdo. All cervid – 19 elks, 15 crossbreed
(species unknown) and 64 Sika deer – of Farm 6 were culled, but all confirmed as
negative.
: Corresponding author: Dr. Hyun-Joo Sohn (+82-31-467-1867, E-mail:
shonhj@korea.kr) 2011 Pre-congress Workshop: TSEs in animals and their
environment 5
Friday, May 13, 2011
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) outbreaks and surveillance program in the
Republic of Korea
2010 WISCONSIN CAPTIVE DEER ESCAPES
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. ...
snip...
C. & D. Captive Cervid and Law Enforcement Update (11:10 AM)- Warden
Pete Dunn gave the captive cervid farm update.
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. Approximately 30% of
these escapes were caused by gates being left open and the other 70% resulted
from bad fencing or fence related issues. The 20 actual confirmed escape
incidents amounted to 77 total animals. 50 of the escaped animals were recovered
or killed and 27 were not recovered and remain unaccounted for. Last year the
CWD Committee passed a resolution to require double gates, but this has not gone
into effect yet. Questions were raised by the committee about double fencing
requirements? Pete responded that double fencing has not been practical or
accepted by the industry. The DNR has the authority to do fence inspections. ?
If a fence fails to pass the inspection the fencing certificate can be revoked
and the farmer can be issued a citation. This year three citations and one
warning have been issued for escapes. Pete reviewed the reporting requirements
for escape incidents that these must be reported within 24 hours. The farmer
then has 72 hours to recover the animals or else it will affect the farm’s herd
status and ability to move animals. Davin proposed in the 15 year CWD Plan that
the DNR take total control and regulatory authority over all deer farm fencing.
Larry Gohlke asked Pete about the reliability for reporting escapes? Pete said
that the majority of escapes were reported by the farmer, but it is very
difficult to determine when an escape actually occurred. Pete said that they are
more concerned that an escape is reported and not that it is reported at the
exact time that it happened.
Wisconsin : 436 Deer Have Escaped From Farms to Wild
Date: March 18, 2003 Source: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Contacts: LEE BERGQUIST lbergquist@journalsentinel.com
State finds violations, lax record keeping at many sites, report says
A state inspection of private deer farms, prompted by the discovery of
chronic wasting disease, found that 436 white-tailed deer escaped into the wild,
officials said Tuesday
The Department of Natural Resources found that captive deer have escaped
from one-third of the state's 550 deer farms over the lifetime of the
operations. The agency also uncovered hundreds of violations and has sought a
total of 60 citations or charges against deer farm operators.
snip...
CWD found on 2 farms
Seven deer have tested positive for the disease on game farms - one on a
Portage County farm and six on a Walworth County farm - since the disease was
discovered in three wild deer killed near Mount Horeb in western Dane County.
One deer that tested positive on the Walworth County farm escaped and roamed
free for six months.
snip...
The audit found that most farms were in compliance, but the DNR found many
violations and instances of poor record keeping. Also in numerous instances,
fences did not stop wild and captive deer from intermingling.
At least 227 farms conducted part of their business on a cash basis, making
it hard to track animal movement with financial records.
For example, both the Internal Revenue Service and the state Department of
Revenue have been contacted about a deer farm near Wild Rose in Waushara County
that is suspected of selling six large bucks for $45,000 in cash and not using
live deer shipping tags as required.
The DNR found that game farm operators have more deer in captivity than
their records show, which is "due in part because the owners of a number of
large deer farm operations were! unable to accurately count the number of deer
within their fences," the audit found.
Hundreds of deer escape
The DNR found a total of 671 deer that escaped farms - 436 of which were
never found - because of storm-damaged fences, gates being left open or the
animals jumping over or through fences.
In one example in Kewaunee County, a deer farmer's fence was knocked down
in a summer storm. Ten deer escaped, and the farmer told the DNR he had no
intention of trying to reclaim them. The DNR found five of the deer, killed them
and cited the farmer for violation of a regulation related to fencing.
Another deer farmer near Mishicot, in Manitowoc County, released all nine
of his whitetails last summer after he believed the discovery of chronic wasting
disease was going to drive down the market for captive deer.
The DNR found 24 instances of unlicensed deer farms and issued 19
citations.
Journal Sentinel correspondent Kevin Murphy contributed to this
report.
Game Farms Inspected
A summary of the findings of the Department of Natural Resources'
inspection of 550 private white-tailed deer farms in the state: The deer farms
contained at least 16,070 deer, but the DNR believes there are more deer in
captivity than that because large deer farms are unable to accurately count
their deer. 671 deer had escaped from game farms, including 436 that were never
found.
24 farmers were unlicensed. One had been operating illegally since 1999
after he was denied a license because his deer fence did not meet minimum
specifications.
Records maintained by operators ranged from "meticulous documentation to
relying on memory." At least 227 farms conducted various portions of their deer
farm business with cash. Over the last three years, 1,222 deer died on farms for
various reasons. Disease testing was not performed nor required on the majority
of deer. Farmers reported doing business with people in 22 other states and one
Canadian province. Click these links for more information
The initial discovery at Wilderness Whitetails was the first in five years.
In trying to explain the sudden appearance, McGraw cited several possibilities
for transmission, including the chance it occurred spontaneously.
That drew attention of Clausen and wildlife staff at the DNR. Clausen said
he knew of no peer-reviewed research showing the disease turned up that way.
Tami Ryan, wildlife health section chief with the DNR, asked the
agriculture department to back up the claim.
Richard Bourie, a veterinarian, pointed to a paper by Nobel Laureate
Stanley Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco, who discussed
spontaneous occurrence in TSEs.
*** Ryan wrote back and said, "to the best of our collective knowledge,
spontaneous CWD in wild deer has not been substantiated," although she said the
DNR wasn't trying to pick a fight.
Said McGraw: "There is no battle going on here. We all read science here.
Everybody looks at different possibilities."
how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from,
each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd
infected cervid game ranch type farms ???
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
*** The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North
American captive herd.
*** RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land
for $465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and
approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
SUMMARY:
Tuesday, March 25, 2014
Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer:
Implications for Disease Spread and Management
*** However, we also note that CWD transmission rates and prevalence are
much higher in captive deer farms than has been reported in wild populations
[67].
Friday, April 04, 2014
Wisconsin State officials kept silent on CWD discovery at game farm
Tuesday, February 11, 2014
*** Wisconsin tracks 81 deer from game farm with CWD buck to seven other
states
Friday, May 30, 2014
Wisconsin Waushara County hunting preserve ordered to pay civil forfeiture
in CWD case
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Wednesday, August 21, 2013
IOWA DNR EMERGENCY CONSENT ORDER IN THE MATTER OF TOM & LINDA BRAKKE
D/B/A PINE RIDGE HUNTING LODGE UPDATE AUGUST 21, 2013
snip...
5. On July 16, 2012, DNR received a notice from the Texas Veterinary
Medical Diagnostic Lab ("Texas Vet Lab”) that a sample from an adult male deer
killed at Pine Ridge tested presumptively positive for CWD. (DNR has an
agreement with the Texas Vet Lab to run these preliminary tests.) Because the
Texas Vet Lab found this presumptive positive result, protocols required the
sample to be sent to the National Veterinary Services Laboratory ("National
Lab”) in Ames, Iowa for final confirmation. On July 18, 2012, the National Lab
confirmed the positive CWD result in the deer.
6. On July 19, 2012, DNR notified the Brakkes of the positive test by
phone. Mr. Brakke was out of state.
snip...
12. The Brakkes depopulated the Hunting Preserve, as specified in the
Agreement, from September 10, 2012 to January 31, 2013. As part of this effort,
the Brakkes, the staff and their customers killed 199 captive deer and nine
captive elk. The DNR obtained 170 CWD samples. (Samples were not taken from
fawns and one adult female who was killed in a manner that made sampling
impossible.) Of these 199 deer, two additional adult male deer tested positive
for CWD. Information provided by the Brakkes confirmed that these two additional
deer originated from the Brakke Breeding Facility.
13. DNR installed, with the Brakke's permission, an interior electric fence
on October 1 and 2, 2012.
14. The Brakkes cleaned and disinfected, under DNR supervision, the feeders
and ground surrounding the feeders on April 5, 2013.
15. On April 26, 2013, the Brakkes hand-delivered a notice to the DNR’s
Chief of Law Enforcement Bureau, notifying the DNR that they would no longer
operate a hunting preserve on the Quarantined Premises. The Brakkes did not
reveal any plans to remove the fence around the Quarantined Premises or to
remove the gates to and from the Quarantined Premises in this April 26, 2013
letter.
16. On June 3, 2013, DNR became aware that sections of the exterior fence
surrounding the Quarantined Premises had been removed and that some, if not all,
of the exterior gates to and from the Quarantined Premises were open.
17. On June 4, 2013, DNR received reports from the public in the area that
four wild deer were observed inside the Quarantined Premises.
18. On June 5, 2013, DNR conducted a fence inspection, after gaining
approval from surrounding landowners, and confirmed that the fenced had been cut
or removed in at least four separate locations; that the fence had degraded and
was failing to maintain the enclosure around the Quarantined Premises in at
least one area; that at least three gates had been opened; and that deer tracks
were visible in and around one of the open areas in the sand on both sides of
the fence, evidencing movement of deer into the Quarantined Premises.
IV. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
snip...
Wednesday, August 21, 2013 IOWA DNR EMERGENCY CONSENT ORDER IN THE MATTER
OF TOM & LINDA BRAKKE D/B/A PINE RIDGE HUNTING LODGE UPDATE AUGUST 21, 2013
Saturday, June 29, 2013
PENNSYLVANIA CAPTIVE CWD INDEX HERD MATE YELLOW *47 STILL RUNNING LOOSE IN
INDIANA, YELLOW NUMBER 2 STILL MISSING, AND OTHERS ON THE RUN STILL IN LOUISIANA
”The occurrence of CWD must be viewed against the contest of the locations
in which it occurred. It was an incidental and unwelcome complication of the
respective wildlife research programmes. Despite it’s subsequent recognition as
a new disease of cervids, therefore justifying direct investigation, no specific
research funding was forthcoming. The USDA veiwed it as a wildlife problem and
consequently not their province!” ...page 26.
Sunday, January 06, 2013
USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE
*** "it‘s no longer its business.”
Monday, June 24, 2013
The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry
Following its Discovery
Elk escape from captive cervid facility in Pennsylvania near West Virginia
border
Earl Ray Tomblin, Governor Frank Jezioro, Director
News Release: November 4, 2011
Facebook: WV Commerce - State Parks
Hoy Murphy, Public Information Officer (304) 957-9365 hoy.r.murphy@wv.gov
Contact: Curtis Taylor, Wildlife Resources Section Chief 304-558-2771
DNR.Wildlife@wv.gov
SOUTH CHARLESTON, W.Va. – The West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
(WVDNR) has confirmed with officials from the Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture (PDA) that at least two elk, including one adult bull and one cow,
have escaped from a captive cervid facility (deer and elk farms) in Greene
County, Pa. Greene County shares a common border with Marshall, Wetzel and
Monongalia counties in West Virginia. The elk escaped from a captive cervid
facility located approximately three miles from the West Virginia-Pennsylvania
border.
The PDA regulates captive cervid facilities in Pennsylvania. A
representative of the agency was unaware if the recent escaped elk were tagged.
The WVDNR regulates captive cervid facilities in West Virginia. In West
Virginia, all captive cervids in breeding facilities must be ear-tagged, and
there are currently no reported elk escapes from any facility in West Virginia.
A bull elk has been seen recently in Wetzel County, W.Va., according to
WVDNR officials. There have been no reports of cow elk sightings in either
Wetzel County, W.Va., or Greene County, Pa. No free-ranging wild elk live within
150 miles of Wetzel County. The elk sighted in Wetzel County is likely the
escaped animal from the captive facility in Pennsylvania.
Monday, June 11, 2012
*** OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting ***
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Wednesday, January 02, 2013
Iowa Third Deer Positive CWD at Davis County Hunting Preserve Captive
Shooting Pen
Tuesday, March 26, 2013
CWD Missouri remains confined to Linn-Macon-County Core Area with four new
cases
Tuesday, November 13, 2012
ILLINOIS CWD UPDATE NOVEMBER 2012
Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Illinois DuPage county deer found with Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Thursday, October 03, 2013
*** TAHC ADOPTS CWD RULE THAT the amendments __REMOVE__ the requirement for
a specific fence height for captives ***
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC)
October 3, 2013
According to Wisconsin’s White-Tailed Deer Trustee Dr. James Kroll, people
who call for more public hunting opportunities are “pining for socialism.”
He further states, “(Public) Game management is the last bastion of
communism.”
“Game Management,” says James Kroll, driving to his high-fenced,
two-hundred-acre spread near Nacogdoches, “is the last bastion of communism.”
Kroll, also known as Dr. Deer, is the director of the Forestry Resources
Institute of Texas at Stephen F. Austin State University, and the “management”
he is referring to is the sort practiced by the State of Texas.
The 55-year-old Kroll is the leading light in the field of private deer
management as a means to add value to the land. His belief is so absolute that
some detractors refer to him as Dr. Dough, implying that his eye is on the
bottom line more than on the natural world.
Kroll, who has been the foremost proponent of deer ranching in Texas for
more than thirty years, doesn’t mind the controversy and certainly doesn’t fade
in the heat. People who call for more public lands are “cocktail
conservationists,” he says, who are really pining for socialism. He calls
national parks “wildlife ghettos” and flatly accuses the government of gross
mismanagement. He argues that his relatively tiny acreage, marked by eight-foot
fences and posted signs warning off would-be poachers, is a better model for
keeping what’s natural natural while making money off the land.
snip...
What does this all mean?
My initial reaction, which is one that I predicted when Kroll was named to
the state’s deer trustee position, is that his team’s final recommendations — if
implemented — will be heavily skewed toward the state’s larger landowners (500+
acres) and folks who own small parcels in areas comprised mostly of private
land. It is also my prediction that the final recommendations (again, if
implemented) will do little, if anything, to improve deer herds and deer hunting
on Wisconsin’s 5.7 million acres of public land. Where does this leave the
public-land hunter? “It will suck to be you,” said one deer manager who asked to
remain anonymous out of fear for his job. “The resources and efforts will go
toward improving the private land sector. This is all about turning deer hunting
away from the Public Land Doctrine and more toward a European-style of
management — like they have in Texas.”
Friday, June 01, 2012
*** TEXAS DEER CZAR TO WISCONSIN ASK TO EXPLAIN COMMENTS
Monday, February 11, 2013
TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD Four New Positives Found in Trans Pecos
Wednesday, September 04, 2013
***cwd - cervid captive livestock escapes, loose and on the run in the
wild...
Saturday, February 04, 2012
*** Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
Approximately 4,200 fawns, defined as deer under 1 year of age, were
sampled from the eradication zone over the last year. The majority of fawns
sampled were between the ages of 5 to 9 months, though some were as young as 1
month.
*** Two of the six fawns with CWD detected were 5 to 6 months old.
All six of the positive fawns were taken from the core area of the CWD
eradication zone where the highest numbers of positive deer have been
identified.
Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at
least 16 years
Gudmundur Georgsson1, Sigurdur Sigurdarson2 and Paul Brown3
New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent:
Threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of
replication
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a
CWD-endemic area
A Quantitative Assessment of the Amount of Prion Diverted to Category 1
Materials and Wastewater During Processing
Rapid assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion inactivation by
heat treatment in yellow grease produced in the industrial manufacturing process
of meat and bone meals
PPo4-4:
Survival and Limited Spread of TSE Infectivity after Burial
Sunday, September 01, 2013
hunting over gut piles and CWD TSE prion disease
Sunday, April 13, 2014
Mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease
risk at communal use sites of elk and deer
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Monday, June 18, 2012
natural cases of CWD in eight Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and five Sika/red
deer crossbreeds captive Korea and Experimental oral transmission to red deer
(Cervus elaphus elaphus)
Tuesday, June 05, 2012
Captive Deer Breeding Legislation Overwhelmingly Defeated During 2012
Legislative Session
Thursday, July 11, 2013
The New Hornographers: The Fight Over the Future of Texas Deer, Captive
shooting pens, and the CWD TSE prion disease
Monday, October 07, 2013
The importance of localized culling in stabilizing chronic wasting disease
prevalence in white-tailed deer populations
Friday, March 07, 2014
37th Annual Southeast Deer Study Group Meeting in Athens, Georgia (CWD TSE
Prion abstracts)
Saturday, March 15, 2014
Potential role of soil properties in the spread of CWD in western Canada
Monday, March 03, 2014
*** APHIS to Offer Indemnity for CWD Positive Herds as Part of Its Cervid
Health Activities ???
Tuesday, July 02, 2013
National Rifle Association and the Unified Sportsman of Florida support a
Florida ban on the importation of captive deer and cervids into Florida
Boone and Crockett Club position statement
REGULATION OF GAME FARMS First Adopted December 7, 2013 - Updated December
7, 2013
Situational Overview
The captive cervid industry, also referred to as game farming, uses
artificial means to breed captive deer, elk, and other cervids for sale in
shooting preserve operations. These game farms commonly transport captive deer
and elk to other shooting preserves in a state or in other states.
Transportation of captive, game farm animals has been shown to increase the
risk of spreading parasites and infectious, diseases, such as chronic wasting
disease (CWD) and bovine tuberculosis, to other captive and wild cervids in new
locations. There is currently no way of testing live animals for CWD, and
infected animals show no signs for at least 16-18 months post-infection. There
is no vaccine, and despite fenced enclosures, captive animals often come in
contact with wild populations thereby spreading diseases. Once CWD is present,
the area cannot be decontaminated even if infected animals are removed. As a
result, many states have banned or are attempting to ban the importation of
captive cervids (as well as intact carcasses of hunter-killed, wild cervids) to
lower the risk of spreading CWD and other infectious diseases.
Position
The Boone and Crockett Club supports state bans on importing or exporting
captive deer and elk by game farming operations in order to protect the health
of native populations. The Club opposes any legislation aimed at relaxing
regulations governing captive cervid breeding operations or removing management
authority over such operations from state wildlife agencies. The Club does not
oppose the transportation of wild cervids by state agencies and non-governmental
organizations for the purpose of re-establishing wild game animals to their
historic, open ranges.
The breeding of captive deer, elk, and other cervids for profit to create
abnormally large “trophy” animals for fenced shoots under non-fair chase
conditions are addressed in the Boone and Crockett Club’s positions on “Genetic
Manipulation of Game” and “Canned Shoots.”
Saturday, March 29, 2014
Game Farm, CWD Concerns Rise at Boone and Crockett Club
Sunday, April 06, 2014
The Conservation Federation of Missouri is Opposed to the Transfer of
Captive White-tailed Deer Management
Story Posted 04-19-2014
Pope & Young Club Issues Position Statement on Fair Chase and Canned
Hunting
By: The Pope & Young Club
CHATFIELD, Minn. -- The Pope & Young Club is proud of the "Fair Chase"
ethics they have implemented, fought for and defended since 1961. The Club and
its membership steadfastly support and promote the North American Wildlife
Conservation Model. This model faces a serious threat from today's captive
cervid industry. The practices of "canned" hunting, transporting and selling
"farm raised" cervids threaten the very existence of North American Big Game and
hunting as we know it.
The Pope & Young Club official position statement:
"The Pope and Young Club and its membership strongly condemn the killing of
big game animals in artificial situations. An "artificial situation" is defined
as a situation where animals are held in captivity, game-proof fenced enclosures
or released from captivity. These unethical practices are often referred to as
"canned hunts." This shall be considered an unethical practice devoid of fair
chase hunting ethics as the animals are not free-ranging.
These canned shoot situations present further concerns that impact the
future of bowhunting. They weaken the public acceptance of legitimate fair chase
bowhunting, provide possibilities for transmitting diseases, and corrupt the
North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. Animals held, or bred and raised
for the purpose of trophy harvest, in these facilities are not considered
wildlife. The killing of these animals is not managed by the authority of a
wildlife management agency and the killing, itself, is devoid of any values
embodied by legitimate hunting.
The Pope and Young Club does not accept into its Records Program any animal
taken under any captive scenarios and considers these practices extreme examples
of unethical hunting. The Pope & Young Club also considers this practice
unethical treatment of North American big game animals."
The Rules of Fair Chase
The term “Fair Chase” shall not include the taking of animals under the
following conditions:
Helpless in a trap, deep snow or water, or on ice.
From any power vehicle or power boat.
By “jacklighting” or shining at night.
By the use of any tranquilizers or poisons.
While inside escape-proof fenced enclosures.
By the use of any power vehicle or power boats for herding or driving
animals, including use of aircraft to land alongside or to communicate with or
direct a hunter on the ground.
By the use of electronic devices for attracting, locating or pursuing game
or guiding the hunter to such game, or by the use of a bow or arrow to which any
electronic device is attached.
Any other condition considered by the Board of Directors as unacceptable.
The fair chase concept does, however, extend beyond the hunt itself; it is
an attitude and a way of life based in a deep-seated respect for wildlife, for
the environment, and for other individuals who share the bounty of this vast
continent’s natural resources.
Fair Chase Affadavit: Download Here
QDMA’s Stance on Captive Deer Breeding
On February 23, 2012 the Quality Deer Management Association (QDMA) issued
a national press release urging its members and other concerned sportsmen in
several states to contact their elected officials and urge them to oppose
legislation initiated by the deer breeding industry that would enable
introduction of captive deer breeding operations or expansion of these practices
within those states.
QDMA supports the legal, ethical pursuit and taking of wild deer living in
adequate native/naturalized habitat in a manner that does not give the hunter an
unfair advantage and provides the hunted animals with a reasonable opportunity
to escape the hunter. QDMA is not opposing high-fence operations that meet the
above conditions.
snip...see full statement;
DISEASE DANGERS OF CAPTIVE DEER
Misleading Information From the Deer Breeding Industry In an effort to
expand their industry, deer breeders have been sharing a lot of information with
legislators and policymakers. However, much of this information is misleading or
simply incorrect, and it is intended to depict deer breeding as an industry that
presents no significant risks to wild deer. For example, the following quotes
are from a letter to legislators from a national association of deer farmers and
breeders. I’ll follow each quote with factual information based on current
research...SEE FULL TEXT ;
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. ***These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
The chances of a person or domestic animal contracting CWD are “extremely
remote,” Richards said. The possibility can’t be ruled out, however. “One could
look at it like a game of chance,” he explained. “The odds (of infection)
increase over time because of repeated exposure. That’s one of the downsides of
having CWD in free-ranging herds: ***We’ve got this infectious agent out there
that we can never say never to in terms of (infecting) people and domestic
livestock.”
P35
*** ADAPTATION OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD) INTO HAMSTERS, EVIDENCE OF
A WISCONSIN STRAIN OF CWD
Chad Johnson1, Judd Aiken2,3,4 and Debbie McKenzie4,5 1 Department of
Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, USA 53706 2
Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 3 Alberta Veterinary
Research Institute, 4.Center for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, 5
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
T6G 2P5
The identification and characterization of prion strains is increasingly
important for the diagnosis and biological definition of these infectious
pathogens. Although well-established in scrapie and, more recently, in BSE,
comparatively little is known about the possibility of prion strains in chronic
wasting disease (CWD), a disease affecting free ranging and captive cervids,
primarily in North America. We have identified prion protein variants in the
white-tailed deer population and demonstrated that Prnp genotype affects the
susceptibility/disease progression of white-tailed deer to CWD agent. The
existence of cervid prion protein variants raises the likelihood of distinct CWD
strains. Small rodent models are a useful means of identifying prion strains. We
intracerebrally inoculated hamsters with brain homogenates and phosphotungstate
concentrated preparations from CWD positive hunter-harvested (Wisconsin CWD
endemic area) and experimentally infected deer of known Prnp genotypes. These
transmission studies resulted in clinical presentation in primary passage of
concentrated CWD prions. Subclinical infection was established with the other
primary passages based on the detection of PrPCWD in the brains of hamsters and
the successful disease transmission upon second passage. Second and third
passage data, when compared to transmission studies using different CWD inocula
(Raymond et al., 2007) indicate that the CWD agent present in the Wisconsin
white-tailed deer population is different than the strain(s) present in elk,
mule-deer and white-tailed deer from the western United States endemic region.
*** These results would seem to suggest that CWD does indeed have zoonotic
potential, at least as judged by the compatibility of CWD prions and their human
PrPC target. Furthermore, extrapolation from this simple in vitro assay suggests
that if zoonotic CWD occurred, it would most likely effect those of the PRNP
codon 129-MM genotype and that the PrPres type would be similar to that found in
the most common subtype of sCJD (MM1).
*** These results would seem to suggest that CWD does indeed have zoonotic
potential, at least as judged by the compatibility of CWD prions and their human
PrPC target. Furthermore, extrapolation from this simple in vitro assay suggests
that if zoonotic CWD occurred, it would most likely effect those of the PRNP
codon 129-MM genotype and that the PrPres type would be similar to that found in
the most common subtype of sCJD (MM1).
Saturday, April 19, 2014
Exploring the zoonotic potential of animal prion diseases: In vivo and in
vitro approaches
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
“Atypical” Chronic Wasting Disease in PRNP Genotype 225FF Mule Deer
Monday, May 05, 2014
*** cwd tse prion testing PMCA , IHC, tonsil, rectal, biopsy ???
Sunday, May 18, 2014
*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PRION DISEASE and the transmission to
other species (see updated human risk factors)
Monday, May 05, 2014
*** Member Country details for listing OIE CWD 2013 against the criteria of
Article 1.2.2., the Code Commission recommends consideration for listing
Program Standards: Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program and
Interstate Movement of Farmed or Captive Deer, Elk, and Moose DOCUMENT ID:
APHIS-2006-0118-0411
***Singeltary submission
Sunday, June 29, 2014
*** Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE Prion Disease North America
2014 ***
OLD HISTORY ON CWD AND GAME FARMS IN USA
There are now at least 5 known captive research facilities and at least 3
zoos and 5 game farms involved in CWD, all traceable if you want to shipments of
animals out of Ft. Collins. These are:
1. Sybille Wildlife Research and Education Center, Visitor Center and
Wildlife Viewing Sites - on Hwy. 34, about 28 miles SW from I25 exit south of
Wheatland State of Wyoming - Game and Fish Department - Sybille Visitor Center
2362 Highway 34 Wheatland State WY 82201 Phone 307-322-2784 from 4
2. Kremmling. Colorado State University - Cooperative Extension - Grand
County PO. Box 475 Kremmling State CO 80459 Phone 303-724-3436 from 1
3. Meeker. Colorado State University - Cooperative Extension - Rio Blanco
County 779 Sulphur Creek Road, Box 270 City Meeker CO 81641 Phone 303-878-4093
from 1
4. Main Ft. Collins facility. State of Colorado - Division of Wildlife -
Wildlife Research Center State of Colorado - Division of Wildlife - Wildlife
Research Center 317 West Prospect City Fort Collins CO 80526 Phone 970-484-2836
5. Wild Animal Disease Center, CSU, Ft. Collins exchanging cervids with 4
6. Denver zoo receiving mule deer from 4
7. Toronto zoo receiving mule deer from 4
8. Wyoming zoo receiving mule deer from 1
9. South Dakota game farm receiving calf elk from 1 or 4 [?]
10. Regina, Saskatchewan game farm receiving South Dakota elk, 27 April,
1996 confirmation. from 9
11. 12 cases of CWD reported now from S. Dakota, at least 2 different
herds, seemingly 3-4 game farms, from 1 and 4.
TSS
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
4:22 PM
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