NORWAY Ten years of CWD: Did shooting 2,000 wild reindeer help?

NORWAY Ten years of CWD: Did shooting 2,000 wild reindeer help? 

Google Translated to English please note, Norway calls Chronic Wasting Disease CWD, Scrapie, now, as i was told, and internet translation can tricky…terry

Ten years of sickle cell disease: Did shooting 2,000 wild reindeer help?

Atle Mysterud Professor of Ecology

The entire herd of over 2,000 wild reindeer in Nordfjella (zone 1) had to be shot in 2017–2018 when sickle cell disease was detected in the spring of 2016. The state part of the culling was carried out by 30 professional shooters organized by the Norwegian Nature Conservation Service. The animals in the picture were transported by helicopter to a base for sampling. The entire herd of over 2,000 wild reindeer in Nordfjella (zone 1) had to be shot in 2017–2018 when scurvy was detected in the spring of 2016. The state part of the cull was carried out by 30 professional shooters organized by the Norwegian Nature Conservation Agency. The animals in the picture were transported by helicopter to a base for sampling. Photo: Norwegian Environment Agency/SNO

March 15th marks ten years since the first case of scurvy was discovered among wild reindeer. The shooting of 2,000 wild reindeer in the Nordfjella mountains caused a stir in Norwegian nature management. What have we learned, and where do we stand now?

Published: 26.02.2026 23:20 Newsletter: See. Read. Hear. Do. Weekly | Free

Debate editor Erik Tornes sends you the most interesting reviews and debates. On March 15, 2016, a loggerhead turtle unexpectedly fell over and died during GPS tagging, and the animal was sent for autopsy.

On April 4, the Norwegian Veterinary Institute announced that CWD had been detected for the first time in Norway and Europe. The veterinary community immediately understood the seriousness of the situation. They had experience with another infectious prion disease: classical scrapie in sheep. The rest of us only understood the seriousness when someone seriously considered eliminating the entire wild reindeer population.

It was a completely unreal thought at the time – and we were shocked!

Over 2000 animals were taken out

Hunting surveillance was already established in the autumn of 2016. Two new cases confirmed the spread of CWD in the relatively limited area in Nordfjella, but not in other areas. At the same time, experts appointed by the Scientific Committee for Food and the Environment (VKM) worked on a major report.

We ecologists had a steep learning curve in meeting with the veterinarians. The recommendation from the group was nevertheless unusually clear and had broad professional agreement. On May 8, 2017, the then Minister of Agriculture Jon Georg Dale (Frp) decided that the entire population in Nordfjella zone 1 should be removed.

The wild reindeer zone in the Nordfjella Mountains is zone 11 on the map. The wild reindeer zone in Nordfjella is zone 11 on the map. Photo: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research/Norwegian Wild Reindeer Center

From August 10, 2017 to May 1, 2018, 2,024 animals were shot during extended hunting and in an extraordinary cull by the Norwegian Nature Conservation Service (SNO). This was a decision and cull without precedent in Norwegian wildlife management.

Proven in North America What were – and still are – people so afraid of?

CWD was first diagnosed in deer in experimental enclosures in Colorado, USA, in the 1960s. Since 2000, infection has increased sharply among wild deer. CWD has now been detected in 36 states in the USA and 4 provinces in Canada , but with great variation in incidence.

At infection levels above 30 percent, populations decline, and in several areas over 50 percent of animals are infected.

Canine distemper (CWD)

Prion disease among deer. Prions are clumped and misfolded variants of the body's own prion protein, which is found in all mammals, particularly associated with nervous tissue.

CWD is limited through harsh local shooting or culling of bucks, but the measures have started too late, they are unpopular, and have had little success. CWD has had major consequences for populations and the economy, and this is something that Norway wants to avoid.

Although there is no known human transmission, it is recommended to avoid eating infected meat. Management is therefore also largely concerned with food safety.

Like in the USA, but not from the USA

The findings of CWD in wild reindeer in the Nordfjella Mountains largely correspond with knowledge from the USA and Canada. All infected wild reindeer were found to have infection in the lymph nodes, a characteristic of prion diseases that are transmitted from animal to animal.

It was initially assumed that the infection came from the USA, but infection experiments on mice have later documented that it is not the same prion strain (variant) as in the USA/Canada. The disease has arisen independently in Norway.

Another interesting finding from lab experiments is that prions from animals with sporadic CWD (see fact box) gradually develop infectivity in repeated transmissions between animals. It is therefore a plausible theory that infectious CWD has developed from sporadic CWD in Norway, but that this is a rare phenomenon that has only happened once.

The Great Depression

The removal of the strain in Nordfjella was demanding for everyone involved, but no new findings in 2018–2019 led to a dawning optimism! Had we really managed to eradicate CWD?

However, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority was cautious. They demanded larger hunting quotas in order to obtain documentation of the absence of CWD in adjacent populations, including on the Hardangervidda plateau.

In 2019, around 50 percent of all adult bucks on the plateau were taken out! Shooting animals before the disease was detected was a completely new way of thinking. It proved effective in detecting infection, but the feeling of success was brutally shattered with the detection of the disease in a buck on the Hardangervidda plateau in the fall of 2020.

The Hardangervidda plateau is home to the largest population of wild reindeer, and with the exchange of animals with several neighboring populations, the chance of eradicating the disease was dramatically reduced.

From active management to "wait-and-see"

A new VKM report pointed to extensive buck hunting as an urgent measure, also outside the hunting season.

The Norwegian Environment Agency was keen to gain local acceptance for the controversial proposal. A broad-based group, including representatives from the Wild Reindeer Committee and Board, worked out a joint recommendation largely in line with the VKM report.

Here, the dead animals in Nordfjella are transported away for sampling. Here the dead animals in Nordfjella are being transported away for sampling. Photo: Environmental Agency/SNO

A new case of CWD in a moose came weeks after the report was completed in September 2022, but clarification from the ministries was delayed. Then a video was leaked to VG showing the shooting of a wild reindeer during the culling in Nordfjella.

The next day (December 8, 2022) a press release came from the ministries that stopped further removals beyond regular hunting on the Hardangervidda plateau. They went from a very active and knowledge-based CWD management to a "wait and see" attitude without overall guidance. Based on a media report!

Unsettled on Hardangervidda

The measures against caribou disease are an attempt to save wild reindeer in the long term. If the disease gains a foothold with widespread environmental transmission, we will have it “forever”. If we fail to eradicate it, we face an unappealing scenario of “eternal limitation”, as is the situation in the USA and Canada.

At the same time, the short-term measures are the direct cause of population decline, and that wild reindeer ended up on the "Norwegian Red List of Species" of endangered species for the first time in 2021. It is a demanding trade-off for any politician.

It is very good news with no detections for three years in a row (2023–2025) on the Hardangervidda plateau! Nevertheless: A lower sampling of animals these years reduces the likelihood of detecting new cases.

Slow infection growth and uncertainty about incidence are well-known features of the epidemiology of CWD. It can take years to reach 1 percent infection in a population, and it is difficult to detect the disease at low incidence. Therefore, few experts dare to believe that such infection does not exist on the plateau.

Re-establishment and continuing uncertainty

What has n't happened that we feared would happen in 2016? Nearly 200,000 deer have been tested! We have not detected infectious CWD in the populations of deer, elk, roe deer or domestic reindeer. That is a clear bright spot!

We have not detected infectious CWD in the populations of deer, moose, roe deer or domestic reindeer. That is a clear bright spot!

The removal of wild reindeer in Nordfjella did not succeed in eradicating CWD from Norway, but it has limited its occurrence, albeit at a high cost. Nordfjella has been fallow since 2018. Now we are finally facing the re-establishment of wild reindeer, but the risk of infection resurgence from environmental contamination is putting a damper on the mood among professionals.

We are facing a new decade of great uncertainty around CWD, where the only small bright spots come from "no news is good news."

https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/k06roA/ti-aar-med-skrantesyke-hos-villrein-dette-er-situasjonen-naa?startsiden_app=1&startsiden_app_att=1

https://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/i/k06roA/ti-aar-med-skrantesyke-hos-villrein-dette-er-situasjonen-naa?startsiden_app=1&startsiden_app_att=1

TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 2024

Lessons learned and lingering uncertainties after seven years of chronic wasting disease management in Norway

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2024/01/lessons-learned-and-lingering.html

Norway moose cow with scrapie that was killed on 29 September 2023 in Lierne was 20 years old.

This is the twelfth elk that has been diagnosed with atypical scrapie in Norway. All these moose have been between 12 and 20 years old. A common denominator for all the moose is that they are older individuals. For adult moose (1 year or older), we have previously found that the proportion of 12-year-old and older individuals amounted to 7 per cent for moose cows and less than 0.01 per cent for moose bulls. This was based on more than 14,000 moose caught during hunting in various parts of Norway.

Read more about all previous findings in the latest annual report from the monitoring program for scrapie.

The hunters who felled the moose cow described it as having abnormal behavior related to head movements, poor balance and problems with its hind legs and rear part of its back. The animal was also emaciated and had a slaughter weight of 128 kg, which is low for an adult moose cow. https://www.hjortevilt.no/elgku-med-skrantesjuke-var-20-ar/

Atypical scrapie has been detected in an adult elk cow felled during hunting in Lierne in Trøndelag. It shows samples from the Veterinary Institute. The moose showed abnormal behavior. It is expected to find some cases of atypical scrapie within a year, and this variant is considered not contagious.

Foot and mouth disease is fatal to deer, but it has never been proven to infect humans, either from live animals or meat.

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority will nevertheless collect all parts of the animal to have it destroyed or delivered to the Veterinary Institute for further investigations.

Different varieties of scrapie

There are different variants of scrapie, an infectious variant (classic) and another variant which can probably occur spontaneously in older animals (atypical).

Classical scrapie has previously been found in wild reindeer in Nordfjella and on Hardangervidda. Atypical scrapie has been found in moose and deer in various parts of the country, and in moose in Sweden and Finland.

It is important to take samples

Hunters, and others who contribute by submitting samples, make a good and important effort in the work of mapping the disease.

It is important that they send in samples of both brain and lymph nodes from the animal. In an early stage of classic scrapie, the infectious agent can only be detected in the lymph nodes, while in atypical cases, the infectious agent is only detected in the brain. It is therefore important to get a sample of both the brain and the lymph node for examination.

It is also important that the labeling and registration of the sample is done correctly, so that we can trace the animal and the sender if the sample turns out to be positive.

Report if you see sick or dead deer

Since 2016, over 170,000 deer have been tested for scrapie. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority encourages everyone who travels in forests and fields, and who sees sick or dead deer, to report it to the Norwegian Food Safety Authority or the municipality.

Symptoms of scrapie are emaciation, frequent urination and abnormal behaviour, e.g. that animals are not afraid of people.

You can read more about scrapie and sampling on the deer game portal .

 https://www.mattilsynet.no/om_mattilsynet/bekrefter_atypisk_skrantesjuke_paa_elg_i_lierne.51145?utm_campaign=Nyhetsbrev&utm_medium=Epost&utm_source=Mattilsynet&utm_term=Bekrefter_atypisk_skrantesjuke_paa_elg_i_Lierne&utm_content=Dyrehelse

Atle Mysterud writes on twitter October 6, 2023

Another atypical #CWD case in moose. The sporadic variant - unlikely to be contagious. Deviant behaviour - as typical for this kind of CWD…end

I am concerned with this hypothesis…Terry

Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids

Mariella Evelyn Güere, Jørn Våge, Helene Tharaldsen, Kjersti Sternang Kvie, Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen, Sylvie Lafond Benestad, Turid Vikøren, Knut Madslien, Christer Moe Rolandsen … See all authors

First published: 04 August 2021

https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14258

Snip…

DISCUSSION

Among Norwegian cervids, reindeer have the highest number of non-synonymous variant positions in PRNP, with seven PRNP alleles, whereas red deer and moose both have two alleles, and roe deer was found to be monomorphic. Despite species differences in PRNP genetic variability and geographical distribution, all species had one PRNP allele encoding a consensus amino acid sequence. The spatial PRNP variation revealed a distinct difference between wild and semi-domestic reindeer, and red deer and moose were characterized by spatial trends, with increased frequency of the consensus PRNP allele in certain regions of these species’ distribution.

The difference in PRNP variation between Norwegian wild and semi-domestic reindeer is congruent with studies of genetic structure and variation based on neutral genetic markers (Kvie et al., 2019; Røed et al., 2018, 2008). For instance, the wild Forollhogna reindeer (7:w), which is assumed to be domestic in origin (Nyaas, 2016), has PRNP variation similar to semi-domestic reindeer (Figure 4a). In contrast, reindeer of the semi-domestic Filefjell herd (8:d) show certain features of PRNP variation similar to those in wild reindeer. This may be the result of occasional contact (Strand et al., 2011) and subsequent introgression from the neighbouring wild Nordfjella sub-population (5:w; Figure 1a). The wild sub-populations 1:w-3:w are parts of the wild Rondane–Dovre population and are considered to have a wild ancestry primarily, with little introgression from semi-domestic reindeer (Kvie et al., 2019; Røed et al., 2014). The almost total absence of alleles D (176D) and E (2M.129S.169M) from these sub-populations might suggest that these alleles are mostly associated with semi-domestic reindeer. However, this interpretation should be considered with caution, given that our study design did not considere the possible effects of distinctive ancestry in PRNP variability.

The higher frequencies of 226Q in red deer located between fjords in western Norway, and that of 109K in moose from areas north of Ofotfjorden and south of Trondheimsfjorden, are coincident with areas with a distinctive genetic signature when using neutral genetic markers (Haanes et al., 2010, 2011). The absence of Ser138Asn in Norwegian reindeer but present in caribou and reindeer from North America and European Russia (Arifin et al., 2020; Cheng et al., 2017; Kholodova et al., 2019) could be a feature of different Pleistocene origin. Both extant reindeer in Russia and tundra caribou in North America are typical representatives of a lineage evolved in a refugium ranging across vast areas in Northeastern Eurasia and extending into North America across Beringia (Flagstad & Røed, 2003; Yannic et al., 2014). The Norwegian reindeer, on the other hand, appears to have an origin mainly influenced by a refugial population isolated from the Euro-Beringia lineage possibly located more toward south (Flagstad & Røed, 2003; Røed et al., 2021).

Overall, the PRNP variation aligns well with the general genetic structure for the Norwegian cervid species, similar to reports from other studies of PRNP variation in Cervidae (Arifin et al., 2020; Cheng et al., 2017; Lang & Blanchong, 2012; Miller & Walter, 2019). However, different adaptive processes associated with diverging selection affecting PRNPvariation in Norwegian cervids should also be considered. PRNP variation may influence learning abilities, and long-term and visuospatial memory (Houlihan et al., 2009; Papassotiropoulos et al., 2005), consistent with proposed physiological roles for PrPC in animal behaviour and stress adaptation (Nico et al., 2005). Furthermore, it is possible that certain PRNP variants are functionally associated with traits that are desirable in semi-domestic reindeer, such as reduced fright responses (Reimers et al., 2012), and thus have been selected for during domestication. On the other hand, in other cervids exposed to CWD there are indications of increased selection for less-susceptible PRNP alleles (Monello et al., 2017; Robinson, Samuel, Johnson et al., 2012). The alleles B (225Y) and E (2M.129S.169M), common in semi-domestic reindeer, have been suggested to be associated with reduced CWD susceptibility (Güere et al., 2020; Haley et al., 2017; Mitchell et al., 2012). The substitution Ser225Tyr in allele B (225Y) of reindeer resembles the protective Ser225Phe in mule deer (Jewell et al., 2005). Phenylalanine and tyrosine are structurally similar, with a characteristic aromatic ring and may have similar stabilizing effects on the long-range interaction between the C-terminal portion of α-helix-3 and the β2- α2 loop in PrPC (Angers et al., 2014) likely delaying its PrPSc conversion (Haley et al., 2017). The higher frequencies of alleles B (225Y) and E (2M.129S.169M) could reflect an adaptative response to an unknown CWD outbreak among semi-domestic reindeer or their ancestors. However, this controversial hypothesis needs stronger evidence regarding reduced susceptibility of these alleles to CWD. Of relevance to this theory is Met129Val in human PRNP that is associated with a reduced risk to certain prion diseases, for example, variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob (vCJD) and Kuru, and shows geographic stratification globally, which indicates that various factors might affect PRNP variability (Soldevila et al., 2006). Further investigations, for instance in behavioural physiology, may assist in clarifying the mechanisms underlying the large differences in PRNP allele distribution between wild and semi-domesticated reindeer.

Analyses of the Norwegian CWD prion isolates from wild reindeer and moose have shown these to differ from each other (Pirisinu et al., 2018) and from those found in North America (Nonno et al., 2020). The disease observed in European moose may, therefore, represent a novel and sporadic form of CWD. Altogether, the eight CWD cases in Norwegian moose reported until March 2021 were homozygous for either allele 109K (n = 6) or 109Q (n = 2) (Figure 3b), and the single case in red deer was homozygous for allele 226E (Pirisinu et al., 2018; Vikøren et al., 2019). Although the numbers are small, these potentially sporadic cases are all PRNP homozygotes and this resembles the trend observed in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob (sCJD) in humans where homozygosity at codon 129, that is, either to methionine or valine, is considered a pre-disposing factor (Palmer et al., 1991). A proposed mechanism to explain this effect considers that a homologous PrPSc interaction may facilitate the process of amyloid formation (Hizume et al., 2009). It is not clear, however, whether such a process is relevant regarding the potentially sporadic CWD cases observed in Fennoscandia.

Intriguingly, significant strain variability has been observed between moose CWD cases that have the same PRNP genotype (Nonno et al., 2020). This calls for further investigation of these emergent CWD strains and their transmission properties. Thus, CWD has emerged in Europe and is apparently evolving dynamically, with several novel strains and disease phenotypes, demonstrating the unpredictable nature of prion diseases. Our study provides information on PRNP variability in different species of cervids in Norway, giving an overview of local sub-populations with various levels of susceptibility to CWD conferred by their PRNP genotype. Finally, our data provide a basis against which future changes in PRNP variability in Norwegian cervids can be tracked and will assist in our understanding of the relationship between PRNP variation and the selection dynamics of CWD.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.14258

The Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease—A Review

by

Michael A. Tranulis 1,* and

Morten Tryland 2

1 Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 5003 As, Norway

2 Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2480 Koppang, Norway * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Foods 2023, 12(4), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12040824

Snip…

5. Conclusions

No cases of human prion disease caused by CWD have been reported and most experimental data suggest that the zoonotic potential of CWD is very low. Based on the current knowledge and identified knowledge gaps regarding the zoonotic potential of the new CWD strains in Fennoscandia, it is good advice to keep human and animal exposure to prions to an absolute minimum and closely monitor and restrict CWD and other animal prion diseases to prevent these agents from entering the human food chain.

https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/4/824

Monitoring of chronic wasting disease (CWD) (IV)

EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Konstantinos Koutsoumanis, Ana Allende, Avelino Alvarez-Ordoñez, Declan Bolton, Sara Bover-Cid, Marianne Chemaly … See all authors

First published: 17 April 2023

https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7936

Snip…

3.1.3.1 Intensified surveillance in Norway

After the first case of an infected wild reindeer being detected in 2016 (and in moose a few months later), Norway initiated and performed intensified testing for CWD, including sampling from cervids being hunted during the hunting season, harvested at slaughterhouses and fallen stock. The total yearly number of samples tested for CWD increased from > 10,000 in 2016 to > 33,000 in 2018.

In Norway, wild reindeer management is aided by recreational hunting in 24 management areas. These areas provide the PSU for reindeer with some exceptions (Mysterud et al., 2023). The surveillance activities achieved a sample return rate of 61.5% out of a maximum of 22,123 reindeer aged 1 year or older, harvested for 2016–2021 (Mysterud et al., 2023). Samples from recreational hunting constituted 84% of the total sample size from wild reindeer. The final sample size including both relevant tissues (retropharyngeal lymph node (RLN) and brain) or in a few cases (1.3%), only RLN, was 9,412.

Surveillance upon CWD detection

In Norway, surveillance is intensified upon detection of CWD Ly+ cases. The same was initially the case upon detection of CWD Ly-, but as of 2020, this is no longer undertaken due to its sporadic appearance (Rolandsen, 2023a). Nordfjella Zone 1 was the area of first CWD Ly+ detection, through passive surveillance, in a reindeer in spring 2016. Regulation in the form of a ‘CWD zone’ was put in place for the whole Nordfjella region (15 municipalities). Surveillance of the ordinary harvest was initiated from the hunting season in 2016 (see Section 3.1.2.4). There was some moderate expansion of harvest quotas for reindeer in 2016 prior to the full depopulation of reindeer from this area in 2017–2018 (Mysterud and Rolandsen, 2018; Mysterud et al., 2019b). There is still ongoing intensified surveillance in red deer and moose populations in the region. This involves increased harvest quotas and an extended hunting season to lower the population densities, and the risk of CWD spillover from reindeer, which also leads to larger sample sizes as more animals are hunted (Mysterud et al., 2020d). Governmental fees on harvest have been lifted, and aid is provided to lift carcasses out of remote areas. The CWD zone was extended with five municipalities of the Hardangervidda area from 18 September 2020. In addition, municipalities using Nordfjella for summer sheep grazing were included from 2019 to 2021. Similarly, due to detection of Ly+ on Hardangervidda, a zone was demarcated from 2021, and surveillance in 2021 also included areas using Hardangervidda for summer sheep grazing. From 2022, there is only intensified surveillance within the Nordfjella and Hardangervidda zones, and not in the areas using ranges for summer sheep grazing (Rolandsen, 2023b).

In 2016, Selbu municipality was the area where the first CWD Ly- cases were detected in two moose, through passive surveillance, following which a CWD zone was put in place (which included nine municipalities). Surveillance of the ordinary harvest was initiated in 2016 and is still ongoing. Lierne municipality was the area in which the third case of CWD Ly- was detected in moose in 2017. Similarly, surveillance of the ordinary harvest was initiated as of 2018 (including five municipalities) but ended in 2021. Gjemnes municipality was the area of first CWD Ly- detection in red deer in 2017; surveillance of the ordinary harvest was initiated as of 2018 and ended in 2021 (in a zone including five municipalities). The region of Flesberg/Sigdal (seven municipalities) was included from late fall 2018 (after CWD Ly- detection in moose) and ended in 2021. Steinkjer municipality was included from 2020, after CWD Ly- detection in moose), but this surveillance also ended in 2021. Following this, no further additional surveillance has been undertaken in areas (Vinje, Nord-Odal, Tynset) in which CWD Ly- has been detected (Rolandsen, 2023b). An exception was after detecting a Ly- case in red deer in Etne municipality in 2021. Upon detection, the neighbouring municipality Sauda was also included in the intensified surveillance in 2021. Etne municipality was already a part of the intensified surveillance as a municipality with sheep using Nordfjella and Hardangervidda, and all other municipalities neighbouring Etne were already part of this intensified surveillance being part of the Hardangervidda and Nordfjella zones. This intensified surveillance was therefore partly because of the proximity to Hardangervidda, with detection of Ly+ in reindeer (Rolandsen, 2023b).

Intensified surveillance to increase the probability of detecting CWD The Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency have implemented extra harvesting to increase sample size in areas Nordfjella Zone 1 and Nordfjella Zone 2, and on Hardangervidda. The intention was to establish a high confidence of freedom-from-CWD or to enable early detection. This involved larger but variable harvesting quotas, male-biased harvesting, extended hunting seasons and helicopters to aid hunters in retrieving carcasses from remote areas. A strongly male-biased harvesting has been at the core of these efforts. This was implemented due to an observed higher probability of CWD in adult males than females in Nordfjella, and the fact that the proportion of adult males does not affect population recruitment in this polygynous species (Mysterud et al., 2020c, 2021a). This has yielded greatly increased sample sizes. In 2019 alone, 47% of the adult male population on Hardangervidda was removed, compared to an average harvest rate of 16% (Mysterud et al., 2021a). This has skewed the population sex ratio towards females and lowered the age of males in the population (Rolandsen et al., 2022). The added harvest facilitated the detection of CWD, despite a very low disease prevalence, in Hardangervidda in 2020. Upon detection of disease, a CWD zone was put in place for the whole Hardangervidda region. The heavily male-biased harvesting in reindeer continued, and increased quotas of females were also set from 2021 (Rolandsen et al., 2022). The population size is therefore now lower and more female-biased than before initiation of CWD management. It is nevertheless unlikely that the population sizes would be sufficiently reduced to have a high likelihood of removing all CWD-infected individuals (Mysterud et al., 2021b).

Intensified surveillance in red deer and moose in the Hardangervidda region was also implemented from 2021 in a manner similar to that in the Nordfjella region (see above).

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7936

REVIEW article Front. Virol., 20 February 2023 Sec. Emerging and Reemerging Viruses Volume 3 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fviro.2023.1055487

Mouse models of chronic wasting disease: A review

Makayla Cook

Tiffany Hensley-McBain

Andrea Grindeland* McLaughlin Research Institute, Great Falls, MT, United States

Snip…

Transgenic mice overexpressing human M129-PrPC (tg650) appeared variably susceptible to CWD infection after inoculation with deer CWD isolates (81). Hannaoui et al., reported potential evidence of zoonoses from CWD by inoculating mice with two different CWD strains. The strains that were used were, Wisc-1, which is a strain derived from a white-tailed deer expressing wild type PrP, and 116AG, which is derived from a deer with a polymorphism in Prnp at position 116. Both groups of mice had variable results. A subset developed clinical signs, some of the mice progressed to terminal illness (81). RT-QuIC, western blot analysis, and neuropathological analyses were used to investigate CWD disease in the humanized mouse models. Additionally, they showed some evidence of positive seeding activity in CWD+ mouse feces. These results suggest that CWD may potentially cross the species barrier to humans.

Snip…

CWD cases in Europe were first discovered in Norway in 2016, approximately 50 years after its origin in North America. Gt mice (66, 118) were inoculated and utilized to determine characteristics of the surfacing Norwegian reindeer (NO) and moose prions and compare them with existing North American CWD prions. Their findings suggest that tae emergent Norwegian strains were indeed different than North American strains, however, some isolated were able to adapt after propagation in the Gt mice to a more stable and similar strain to the North American prions. The Gt mice recapitulated the lymphotropic characteristics of naturally occurring CWD strains which improved the transmissibility of the unstable NO reindeer prions, demonstrating the advantages of Gt models in peripheral compartments as opposed to traditional overexpressing Tg mice (118). Similar studies were performed recently utilizing the Gt mouse models (66, 118) to investigate the etiology of CWD found in Finland. These experiments identified novel strain properties in a CWD positive moose, compared to Norweigan strain characteristics, suggesting it was not spread from North American wildlife (119).

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2023.1055487/full

Cwd Norway

https://www.hjortevilt.no/skrantesjuke-cwd/cwd-in-norway-english/

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2023

Norway Changes to the TSE and CWD regulations

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2023/02/norway-changes-to-tse-and-cwd.html

Norway New case of scrapie (CWD) on Hardangervidda

New case of scrapie on Hardangervidda

6.10.2022 19:15:20 CEST | The Norwegian Food Safety Authority

A reindeer heron fell while hunting on Hardangervidda has tested positive for the serious animal disease classical scrapie. This is the second case of the disease found on Hardangervidda.

The first case on Hardangervidda was found in September 2020. Now the second case has been confirmed by samples analyzed at the Veterinary Institute.

- This test result unfortunately confirms that the wild reindeer population on Hardangervidda is infected with scrapie. It is too early to say anything about how many animals may be infected in total. New calculations will now be made and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority is awaiting these, says Inge Erlend Næsset, department director for regulations and control in the Norwegian Food Safety Authority.

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency are now assessing whether the new finding changes the recommendations we are already working with. According to the plan, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Environment Agency are to deliver their recommendation on the way forward in handling scrapie on Hardangervidda to the ministries on 1 November.

- We will also have close dialogue with local parties in the process further, says Næsset.

Hunters are a very central part of the fight

- It is incredibly important that hunters take samples for scrapie from animals they kill while hunting. We are impressed and very grateful for the role that hunters play in mapping this very serious animal disease, says Næsset.

About the disease

Classical scrapie is a very serious and contagious disease in reindeer and other deer. There is no treatment for sick animals, and the outcome is always fatal for animals that become infected. The animals become infected by taking in prions through the mouth or nose. Infection can be transmitted through direct contact between animals, or indirectly through healthy animals coming into contact with the infectious agent in the environment (pasture, infected carcasses). The incubation period is long, up to several years, and the animals are apparently healthy for large parts of this period. However, they excrete prions in faeces, saliva, urine and nasal secretions long before they show signs of illness. Prions retain their infectivity even after a long time in the wild.

Contacts

Other inquiries: The Norwegian Food Safety Authority's switchboard

Winter time: 09:00-11:00 and 12:00-15:00 Summer time: 09:00-11:00 and 12:00-14:30 (15 May to 15 September)

Phone: 22 40 00 00 postmottak@mattilsynet.noMedia enquiries: The Norwegian Food Safety Authority's press service (08.00 - 22.00, no SMS. After working hours and at weekends only urgent matters are answered in principle.)

Phone: 469 12 910 pressevakt@mattilsynet.no

https://kommunikasjon.ntb.no/pressemelding/nytt-tilfelle-av-skrantesjuke-pa-hardangervidda?publisherId=10773547&releaseId=17942673

MONDAY, JUNE 27, 2022

Norway Mapping and monitoring of chronic wasting disease (CWD) 2021

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2022/06/norway-mapping-and-monitoring-of.html

THURSDAY, MARCH 03, 2022

Norway More of the NON-CONTAGIOUS Scrapie (CWD) TSE Prion Disease Keeps Mounting?

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2022/03/norway-more-of-non-contagious-scrapie.html

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 2022

Norway No extraordinary removal of wild reindeer on the Hardangervidda this winter

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2022/02/norway-no-extraordinary-removal-of-wild.html

MONDAY, JANUARY 17, 2022

Norway Infamous, Mysterious, Spontaneous, Sporadic, atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, TSE, Prion, Outbreak Update

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2022/01/norway-infamous-mysterious-spontaneous.html

Norway Nordfjella Researchers have found traces of the disease scrapie (CWD) in a soil sample

Found traces of dreaded reindeer disease in what they thought was a healthy area

Researchers have found traces of the disease scrapie (CWD) in a soil sample from an area in Nordfjella that they thought was free of the disease.

- We were very surprised. There should be no positive animals here, says specialist in wildlife health and scrapie expert Bjørnar Ytrehus to NRK.

Nordfjella is a mountain area in southern Norway, in western Norway and Viken county. The area is divided into two zones, zone 1 and zone 2.

In 2016, Chronic Wasting Disease was discovered in zone 1, and within a couple of years, all the reindeer in the area were shot down. With that, the authorities hoped that the disease would not spread further.

Last year, the disease was still found on a buck on the Hardangervidda. And now traces of the disease have also been found in a soil sample from zone 2 in Nordfjella - an area the researchers thought was infection-free.

The find was recently presented during the trade days in Geilo, reports the magazine Jeger.no. It arouses unrest among both hunters and researchers.

- It went cold down my back when I heard about it, says secretary of the wild reindeer committee in Nordfjella, Siri W. Bøthun, to the newspaper Hallingdølen.

Bjørnar Ytrehus is unsure of how to interpret the discovery.

- We must first analyze more samples and verify the finding. If it is a real find, it means that it is, or has been, animals that have secreted prion in that city, says Ytrehus.

Nordfjella wild reindeer area

FOUR POSITIVE: Researchers have received positive answers to four soil samples in Nordfjella. - The three tests in zone 1 were as expected, says Bjørnar Ytrehus.

Sick animal on the Hardangervidda and indications of disease in Nordfjella zone 2 worries the specialist.

- It is potentially life-threatening for the populations of wild reindeer and potentially other deer in Norway, he says.

- Very surprised - It is a bit worrying, and we have to keep up. On the Hardangervidda, they took samples for four to five years before a case suddenly appeared, says Lars Nesse, CWD coordinator for the six municipalities around the Nordfjella wild reindeer area.

Nesse is one of the members of the group working for the re-establishment of the wild reindeer tribe, which in 2017 was a sign out in Nordfjella.

According to the plan, the trunk will be re-established with animals from the Hardangervidda or from zone 2, the zone between the Hardangervidda and zone 1.

But when the group meets over the weekend, they must include in the discussion both the found in the soil sample in zone 2, and the sick animal on the Hardangervidda.

- In my view, it is now impossible to pick up animals from the Hardangervidda, as one has been diagnosed with disease there. Where we should then take animals from, we must discuss at the meeting, says Nesse.

Need more information The soil samples taken in Nordfjella are important with a view to the plan to re-establish the reindeer herd in Nordfjella. They will also be important for the shooting strategy on the Hardangervidda, Jeger.no reports.

Nesse is happy that soil samples can reveal scrapie, but still knows too little about the sample in zone 2 to be very worried. In between when the tests were over.

He therefore believes that one must have more ice in the stomach than in 2017. When it took a short time from the disease was accidentally discovered, until the government decided to take out the entire tribe.

- As long as nothing has been found on the animals there, one can not make major interventions in the herd just by finding prion in the ground, he says.

Maybe postponement

So far, he insists that the re-establishment in zone 1 goes as planned. This means that the work will start when the area has been fallow for five years - at the earliest in 2023.

- It may take another year or two, but I reckon we will get the animals out when the time is right, he says.

Nesse nevertheless admits that the latest findings offer challenges.

- The biggest challenge is that the Hardangervidda is excluded as a population you can get animals from. Then you have to look for animals elsewhere.

- Where then?

- It has not been discussed yet, but we have 24 wild reindeer areas in Norway. The possibilities are there. But it gets more cumbersome.

Published 23 Oct. at 11:38 Updated yesterday at 01:05

Scrapie (CWD)

The brain disease chronic wasting disease (CWD), has been given the Norwegian name scrapie.

Scrapie is an infectious prion disease that can affect deer.

The disease was first detected in Norway in the spring of 2016, then on a wild reindeer herd in Nordfjella. This was the first documented case of the disease in deer in Europe. The infection was later found on moose in Selbu.

Before the disease was discovered in Norway, the disease was only known from the United States and Canada.

Signs of illness include weight loss and abnormal behavior, but deer can also have scrapie without showing signs of illness. Scrapie is deadly to the animal.

https://www.nrk.no/vestland/nye-funn-problematisk-for-villreinen-1.15701470

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 05, 2021

Norway Vinje in Telemark Moose has been diagnosed with atypical cwd/scrapie

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/10/norway-vinje-in-telemark-moose-has-been.html

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2021

NORWAY CONFIRMS ATYPICAL CWD TSE Prion DEER IN ETNE

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2021/09/norway-confirms-atypical-cwd-tse-prion.html

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Open Access

Chronic wasting disease in Norway—A survey of prion protein gene variation among cervids

Mariella Evelyn Güere,Jørn Våge,Helene Tharaldsen,Kjersti Sternang Kvie,Bård-Jørgen Bårdsen,Sylvie Lafond Benestad,Turid Vikøren,Knut Madslien,Christer Moe Rolandsen,Michael Andreas Tranulis,Knut Håkon Røed

First published: 04 August 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14258 Citations: 4

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.14258

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 2019

NORWAY No CWD found in wild reindeer following 2018 hunting season

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/02/norway-no-cwd-found-in-wild-reindeer.html

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2019

Norway Eradication of Chronic Wasting Disease is not completed

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2019/02/norway-eradication-of-chronic-wasting.html

***> NORWAY CWD UPDATE December 2018 Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) 2018: 16

Factors that can contribute to spread of CWD – an update on the situation in Nordfjella, Norway

Opinion of Panel on biological hazards of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment 13.12.2018 ISBN: 978-82-8259-316-8 ISSN: 2535-4019 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) Po 222 Skøyen 0213 Oslo Norway FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2018 Norway, Nordfjella VKM 2018 16

Factors that can contribute to spread of CWD TSE Prion UPDATE December 14, 2018

https://vkm.no/download/18.696229a71677d983532c0c11/1544792739325/CWD%20factors%20for%20spread%202018.pdf

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/12/norway-nordfjella-vkm-2018-16-factors.html

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 25, 2018

***> Norway New additional requirements for imports of hay and straw for animal feed from countries outside the EEA due to CWD TSE Prion

https://www.mattilsynet.no/dyr_og_dyrehold/for/nye_regler_om_tilleggskrav_ved_import_av_hoy_og_halm_til_dyrefor.32299

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/10/norway-new-additional-requirements-for.html

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2020

Norway Skrantesjuke CWD TSE Prion detected on reindeer buck from Hardangervidda

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2020/09/norway-skrantesjuke-cwd-tse-prion.html

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 2020

Norway Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) identified in a wild reindeer at Hardanger Plateau

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2020/09/norway-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd.html

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 2018

NORWAY How many CWD-infected animals are out there?

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/09/norway-how-many-cwd-infected-animals.html

Announcement

Scranty Illness (CWD) - Need for a fresh notification of Zone 2 and Hardangervidda

Published 06.07.2018 Last changed 06.07.2018 Print

The zone 1 of the zone 1 has now been removed, and the area should be as empty as possible for deer for at least five years. After a set-aside period, a fresh wild-reindeer population in Nordfjella zone 1 will be restored. One of the reasons for this is that Nordfjella zone 2 must be well-known. In addition, current stocks as a source for re-establishment must be well-reported.

This means that a high withdrawal of animals must take place in 2018 to obtain sufficient numbers of tests to detect any occurrence of CWD. Although it is extensive to take out so many animals, the withdrawal will not threaten the productivity of the stock.

Modeling has been used to not reduce the number of individuals in the population unnecessary while detecting infection.

The earlier a source population is well-known, the earlier the construction of the strain in Nordfjella zone 1 can start. We also quickly need knowledge about infection in the areas so that we can possibly implement appropriate measures and prevent further spread of infection.

Both Nordfjella zone 2 and Hardangervidda are current source populations.

Nordfjella zone 2 represents today the greatest uncertainty about whether the disease has spread or not.

There must be a high deflection of bends. Bukker is more likely to be infected with scar tissue than adult female animals, and a sample of bows is of great value. In addition, the bucks use larger areas and thus pose a greater risk of spreading infection.

It is important that both the brain and the lymph node are tested, since you can detect any infection earlier. In Nordfjella zone 2 it will be added that hunters can deliver heads to get samples. At Hardangervidda, the hunters must try, but there will be a course.

The Norwegian Food Safety Authority has, according to professional input from the Veterinary Institute, UiO and NINA, calculated the need for the number of samples to be taken, both for Nordfjella zone 2 and Hardangervidda, in order to obtain the necessary safety for freedom of infection. See the letter we have written to the Environmental Directorate, where this is described further: Need for fresh message Nordfj zone 2 Hardv 060718

https://www.mattilsynet.no/dyr_og_dyrehold/dyrehelse/dyresykdommer/skrantesjuke__cwd_/behov_for_friskmelding_nordfj_sone_2_hardv_060718.31606/binary/Behov%20for%20friskmelding%20Nordfj%20sone%202%20Hardv%20060718

https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mattilsynet.no%2Fdyr_og_dyrehold%2Fdyrehelse%2Fdyresykdommer%2Fskrantesjuke__cwd_%2Fbehov_for_friskmelding_nordfj_sone_2_hardv_060718.31606%2Fbinary%2FBehov%2520for%2520friskmelding%2520Nordfj%2520sone%25202%2520Hardv%2520060718&edit-text=

https://www.mattilsynet.no/dyr_og_dyrehold/dyrehelse/dyresykdommer/skrantesjuke__cwd_/skrantesjuke_cwd_behov_for_friskmelding_av_sone_2_og_hardangervidda.31603?utm_campaign=Nyhetsbrev&utm_medium=Epost&utm_source=Mattilsynet&utm_term=Skrantesjuke_CWD_behov_for_friskmelding_av_sone_2_og_Hardangervidda&utm_content=Dyrehelse

TUESDAY, JULY 03, 2018

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Global Report Update, USA, CANADA, KOREA, NORWAY, FINLAND, Game Farms and Fake news

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/07/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html

NORWAY CWD TSE HISTORY

OIE CWD TSE PRION NORWAY

International reference laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease

Publisert 04.04.2018

The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has designated the Norwegian Veterinary Institute as the third reference laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in the world, and the first one in Europe. Senior researcher Sylvie Benestad has been designated as the expert, responsible for the new reference laboratory. OIE has previously appointed laboratories in Canada and South Korea.

-Being designated as a reference laboratory for OIE is a major professional recognition. This is the result of 20 years of work on prion diseases, says senior researcher Sylvie Benestad who will be responsible for the new reference laboratory. Photo: Agnete Brun. The Norwegian Veterinary Institute is a national reference laboratory for the Norwegian Food Safety Authority regarding several diseases and infectious agents. As a reference laboratory worldwide, the institute will collaborate with other countries to confirm diagnoses and exchange knowledge within diagnostics, disease and epidemiology. Sharing of material for diagnostics is also an important task. An international reference function will also create opportunities for academic cooperation worldwide.

- Being designated as a reference laboratory for OIE is first and foremost a major professional recognition. This is the result of 20 years of work on prion diseases and shows that Norway has been central in this field, such as in connection to the Nor98 scrapie disease in sheep and goats. I hope that with this we can increase the cooperation with the North America and South Korea and facilitate exchange of material and experience. We will also be able to assist other countries in the world that will detect CWD, such as Finland recently did, says Sylvie Benestad.

As of today, the Norwegian Veterinary Institute has analyzed more than 40 500 CWD samples from cervids. 18 cases of CWD have been detected in wild reindeer, 3 in moose and 1 in red deer.

Del artikkel - See more at:  https://wwweng.vetinst.no/news/international-reference-laboratory-for-chronic-wasting-disease#sthash.A0SV52iq.dpuf

https://wwweng.vetinst.no/news/international-reference-laboratory-for-chronic-wasting-disease

FINLAND MOOSE FOUND DEAD IN FOREST WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE 8.3.2018 12:56

The chronic wasting disease (CWD) has been found in a moose or European elk (Alces alces) for the first time ever in Finland. The disease was diagnosed in Kuhmo in a 15-year old moose that had died naturally. The results of the analyses carried out by Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira have been verified by a EU reference laboratory. Species of the deer family, known as “cervids”, can suffer from the chronic wasting disease, and it is always fatal. The disease is not known to have been contracted by people.

Norway was before this case the only European country where CWD has been diagnosed. The monitoring of the occurrence of the disease was intensified from the beginning of 2018 in Finland and five other EU Member States.

In Finland, the occurrence of the disease has been studied already since 2003. None of the ca. 2 500 samples analysed so far had tested positive for the disease. The monitoring of the disease will now be further intensified in the Kuhmo and Kainuu region. Hunters are going to be provided with more instructions before the start of the next hunting season, if appropriate.

The chronic wasting disease is not known to have been contracted by people. Moose meat is safe to eat and no restrictions are imposed on the sales and exportation of meat of animals of the deer family. As a precautionary measure the export of live animals of the deer family to other countries will be discontinued for now.

CWD is a slowly progressing disease of deer, elk, reindeer, and moose which always leads to death. The chronic wasting disease is a prion disease and related to the BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and other TSE diseases (transmissible spongiform encephalopathy). The disease is common in North America. The moose found in Kuhmo did not suffer from the North American, highly contagious form of the chronic wasting disease. The disease seems to resemble most the form of cervid TSE diagnosed in Norway, which appears to be found incidentally in individual animals of the deer family.

For more information, please contact:

Leena Räsänen, Director, tel. +358 50 388 6518(Food Safety)

Terhi Laaksonen, Head of Unit, tel. +358 40 159 5812 (Control of Animal Diseases)

Sirkka-Liisa Korpenfelt, Senior Resarcher, tel. + 358 50 351 0308(Laboratory Analyses)

Antti Oksanen, Research Professor, tel. +358 44 561 6491 (Wild Animal Diseases)

Kajsa Hakulin, Ministerial Advisor, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, tel. +358 295 162361(National and EU Legislation)

https://www.evira.fi/en/animals/current_issues/2018/moose-found-dead-in-forest-with-chronic-wasting-disease/

WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 2018

The executioner in Nordfjella and Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Skrantesjuke

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/the-executioner-in-nordfjella-and.html

SATURDAY, MARCH 10, 2018

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Goes Global Finland Falls, Behind Norway and S. Korea

FINLAND REPORTS FIRST CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION IN A moose or European elk (Alces alces)

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/03/finland-reports-first-case-of-chronic.html

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2018

NORWAY CWD TSE PRION Skrantesjuke Nordfjella zone 1 Complete Eradication Complete

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2018/02/norway-cwd-tse-prion-skrantesjuke.html

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 05, 2017

Norway 30,000 deer animals have so far been tested for Skrantesyke chronic wasting disease CWD TSE PRION DISEASE

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/12/norway-30000-deer-animals-have-so-far.html

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 30, 2017

Norway Animal welfare surveillance at Nordfjella Skrantesjuke CWD TSE Prion Update

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norway-animal-welfare-surveillance-at.html

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 2017

Norway another case of Skrantesjuke CWD TSE Prion Adult Reindeer pitcher field in Nordfjella (preliminary testing) 13th case if confirmed

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norway-another-case-of-skrantesjuke-cwd.html

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 24, 2017

Norwegian Food Safety Authority makes changes to measures to limit the spread of disease Skrantesjuke (CWD) in deer wildlife

https://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norwegian-food-safety-authority-makes.html

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 18, 2017

Norway detects more Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Skrantesjuke

This is the eighth case of the lethal deer disease in the area since the survey started in 2016.

The reindeer cub was shot by a flock from the Norwegian National Guard, and the infectious agent was detected in the animal's lymph nodes.

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norway-detects-more-chronic-wasting.html

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 01, 2017

Norway detects CWD Skrantesjuke Deer possibly atypical Nor-98-type TSE?

Greetings TSE prion world,

i am seeing more and more references to the atypical Nor-98-type CWD TSE Prion in Norway as being of the non-infectious or non-infective variant. with science documented to date, i do not believe that any CWD Skrantesjuke TSE Prion typical or atypical in Norway or anywhere else can be classified as ''non-infective variant''. IF, Norway takes the USDA OIE views and makes atypical Nor-98 type CWD in Deer a International trading commodity fueled by junk science, as they did with sheep, i.e. no trade restrictions for Nor-98 in sheep, the world should then weep...terry

Nor-98 atypical Scrapie Transmission Studies Review

snip...see full text;

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norway-detects-cwd-skrantesjuke-deer.html

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/11/norway-cwd-ny-informasjon-om.html

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2017

Norway, Two More New Cases of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion Skrantesjuke

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/10/norway-two-more-new-cases-of-chronic.html

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 10, 2017

Norway detects another case of CWD TSE PRION Skrantesjuke

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/10/norway-detects-another-case-of-cwd-tse.html

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

Norway, CWD TSE Prion, Humans, Zoonosis, Fortsatt lite sannsynlig at mennesker kan smittes av skrantesyke?

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/09/norway-cwd-tse-prion-humans-zoonosis.html

MONDAY, AUGUST 14, 2017

NORWAY CWD, SHEEP GRAZING, and Scrapie, What If?

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/08/norway-cwd-sheep-grazing-and-scrapie.html

TUESDAY, JUNE 20, 2017

Norway Confirms 6th Case of Skrantesjuke CWD TSE Prion Disease

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2017/06/norway-confirms-6th-case-of.html

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

Norway Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion disease Skrantesjuke December 2016 Update

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/12/norway-chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse.html

Thursday, September 22, 2016

NORWAY DETECTS 5TH CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION Skrantesjuke

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/09/norway-detects-5th-case-of-chronic.html

Saturday, September 03, 2016

NORWAY Regulation concerning temporary measures to reduce the spread of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) as 4th case of skrantesjuke confirmed in Sogn og Fjordane

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/09/norway-regulation-concerning-temporary.html

Wednesday, August 31, 2016

*** NORWAY CONFIRMS 4TH CASE OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION IN SECOND CARIBOU

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/norway-confirms-4th-case-of-chronic.html

Tuesday, August 02, 2016

Chronic wasting disease of deer – is the battle to keep Europe free already lost?

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/08/chronic-wasting-disease-of-deer-is.html

Thursday, July 07, 2016

Norway reports a third case Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion in 2nd Norwegian moose

14/06/2016 - Norway reports a third case

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/norway-reports-third-case-chronic.html

Tuesday, June 14, 2016

*** Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in a moose from Selbu in Sør-Trøndelag Norway ***

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/06/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-in-moose.html

Tuesday, April 12, 2016

The first detection of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in Europe free-ranging reindeer from the Nordfjella population in South-Norway.

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/04/the-first-detection-of-chronic-wasting.html

Saturday, April 9, 2016

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI, 2016) has reported a case of prion disease Cervid Spongiform Encephalopathy detected in free ranging wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2016/04/the-norwegian-veterinary-institute-nvi.html

Saturday, July 16, 2016

Chronic wasting Disease in Deer (CWD or Spongiform Encephalopathy) The British Deer Society 07/04/2016

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Animal and Plant Health Agency Veterinary & Science Policy Advice Team - International Disease Monitoring 1

Preliminary Outbreak Assessment Cervid Spongiform Encephalopathy in Norway

7 th April 2016 Ref: VITT/1200

Cervid disease in Norway

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/515154/poa-tse-norway.pdf

Red Deer Ataxia or Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PRION?

could this have been cwd in the UK back in 1970’S ???

https://web.archive.org/web/20161027181651/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1982/07/05001001..pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20161027182246/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1982/07/28001001..pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20161027181712/http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20090505194948/http://bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1983/03/01001001..pdf

Clinical Communication Enzootic ataxia in Red deer

P.R. Wilson , Marjorie B. Orr & E.L. Key Pages 252-254 | Published online: 23 Feb 2011

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00480169.1979.34665

SEE FULL TEXT ;

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2016/07/chronic-wasting-disease-in-deer-cwd-or.html

Singeltary Submissions to EU on CWD TSE Prion

Friday, November 22, 2013

Wasting disease is threat to the entire UK deer population CWD TSE PRION disease in cervids

***SINGELTARY SUBMISSION

The Scottish Parliament's Rural Affairs, Climate Change and Environment Committee has been looking into deer management, as you can see from the following press release,

***and your email has been forwarded to the committee for information:

http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/29878.aspx

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html

Friday, November 22, 2013

Wasting disease is threat to the entire UK deer population

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/11/wasting-disease-is-threat-to-entire-uk.html

Sunday, July 21, 2013

Welsh Government and Food Standards Agency Wales Joint Public Consultation on the Proposed Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (Wales) Regulations 2013

*** Singeltary Submission WG18417

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/07/welsh-government-and-food-standards.html

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2026

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE Prion, Economical, Environmental, Zoonotic, Risk Factors 2026

https://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2026/02/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-tse-prion.html

terry