Wisconsin white-tailed deer tested positive for CWD on a Richland County breeding farm, and a case of CWD has been discovered on a Marathon County hunting preserve
News Releases Return...
Two new CWD-positive white-tailed deer found on two different farms in
Wisconsin
October 7, 2014
Two new CWD-positive white-tailed deer found on two different farms in
Wisconsin (PDF)
Contact: Raechelle Cline, 608-224-5005 or Jim Dick, Communications
Director, 608-224-5020
MADISON – A white-tailed deer from a breeding farm in Richland County has
tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) and a third deer on a Marathon
County hunting preserve also tested positive, State Veterinarian Dr. Paul McGraw
announced today.
The National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, reported the
final test results back to the state on Monday afternoon. The 2-year-old
Richland County doe was one of about 50 deer reported to be on the 2 ½ acre farm
located in Richland Center. The Marathon County animal was a 5-year-old
buck.
Samples were taken on September 13 in Richland County and September 9 in
Marathon County in accordance with Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade
and Consumer Protection’s (DATCP’s) rules, which require testing of farm-raised
deer and elk when they die, go to slaughter or are killed.
McGraw quarantined the Richland County herd, which stops movement of live
deer from the property, except to slaughter. Disposition of the remaining deer
will depend upon the outcome of the investigation. The DATCP Animal Health
Division’s investigation will also examine the animal’s history and trace
movements of deer onto and off the property to determine whether other herds may
have been exposed to the CWD test-positive deer.
The Wilderness Whitetails hunting preserve and its three other locations
have been quarantined since December 2013 when the first deer tested positive.
The business was allowed to conduct hunts on the quarantined preserves, because
properly handled dead animals leaving the premises do not pose a disease
risk.
###
Two new cases of chronic wasting disease found on private land in Wisconsin
2014-10-07T12:00:00Z
Two new cases of chronic wasting disease found on private land in
Wisconsin
BILL NOVAK bnovak@madison.com, 608-252-6483 madison.com 3 hours ago • By
Bill Novak | Madison.com
A white-tailed deer tested positive for CWD on a Richland County breeding
farm, and a case of CWD has been discovered on a Marathon County hunting
preserve.
The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection said
in a news release on Tuesday that the state got the test results on
Monday.
The Richland County deer was a 2-year-old doe, one of 50 in a herd on the
2.5-acre farm in Richland Center. The herd has been quarantined by State
Veterinarian Dr. Paul McGraw.
The Marathon County deer was a 5-year-old buck on Wilderness Whitetails
hunting preserve land and was the third CWD-positive deer found on the
land.
The preserve land and three other Wilderness Whitetails locations have been
quarantined since December when the first deer on preserve land tested positive
for CWD.
The new cases were found after samples were taken from the deer in
accordance with DATCP rules that require testing of farm-raised deer and elk
when they die, go to slaughter or are killed.
Copyright 2014 madison.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be
published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
New CWD-positive deer found on two different farms Wisconsin Department of
Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection 11:34 a.m. CDT October 7, 2014
MADISON – A white-tailed deer from a breeding farm in Richland County has
tested positive for chronic wasting disease (CWD) and a third deer on a Marathon
County hunting preserve also tested positive, state veterinarian Dr. Paul McGraw
announced today.
The National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, reported the
final test results back to the state on Monday afternoon. The 2-year-old
Richland County doe was one of about 50 deer reported to be on the 2 ½ acre farm
located in Richland Center. The Marathon County animal was a 5-year-old
buck.
Samples were taken on September 13 in Richland County and September 9 in
Marathon County in accordance with Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade
and Consumer Protection's (DATCP's) rules, which require testing of farm-raised
deer and elk when they die, go to slaughter or are killed.
McGraw quarantined the Richland County herd, which stops movement of live
deer from the property, except to slaughter. Disposition of the remaining deer
will depend upon the outcome of the investigation. The DATCP Animal Health
Division's investigation will also examine the animal's history and trace
movements of deer onto and off the property to determine whether other herds may
have been exposed to the CWD test-positive deer.
The Wilderness Whitetails hunting preserve and its three other locations
have been quarantined since December 2013 when the first deer tested positive.
The business was allowed to conduct hunts on the quarantined preserves, because
properly handled dead animals leaving the premises do not pose a disease
risk
Thursday, October 02, 2014
IOWA TEST RESULTS FROM CAPTIVE DEER HERD WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
RELEASED 79.8 percent of the deer tested positive for the disease
how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from,
each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd
infected cervid game ranch type farms, and this is just one cwd infected farm,
which had the highest documented infection rate of cwd, documented at 80%.
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American
captive herd. RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of
land for $465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County
and approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
SUMMARY:
Friday, April 04, 2014
Wisconsin State officials kept silent on CWD discovery at game farm
Tuesday, March 25, 2014
Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Wisconsin White-Tailed Deer:
Implications for Disease Spread and Management
*** However, we also note that CWD transmission rates and prevalence are
much higher in captive deer farms than has been reported in wild populations
[67].
Tuesday, February 11, 2014
*** Wisconsin tracks 81 deer from game farm with CWD buck to seven other
states
Monday, December 02, 2013
WISCONSIN CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD DISCOVERED MARATHON COUNTY HUNTING
PRESERVE
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
Wisconsin Second CWD positive deer found in Grant County
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
Monday, January 16, 2012
9 GAME FARMS IN WISCONSIN TEST POSITIVE FOR CWD
2010 WISCONSIN CAPTIVE DEER ESCAPES
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. ...
snip...
C. & D. Captive Cervid and Law Enforcement Update (11:10 AM)- Warden
Pete Dunn gave the captive cervid farm update.
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. Approximately 30% of
these escapes were caused by gates being left open and the other 70% resulted
from bad fencing or fence related issues. The 20 actual confirmed escape
incidents amounted to 77 total animals. 50 of the escaped animals were recovered
or killed and 27 were not recovered and remain unaccounted for. Last year the
CWD Committee passed a resolution to require double gates, but this has not gone
into effect yet. Questions were raised by the committee about double fencing
requirements? Pete responded that double fencing has not been practical or
accepted by the industry. The DNR has the authority to do fence inspections. ?
If a fence fails to pass the inspection the fencing certificate can be revoked
and the farmer can be issued a citation. This year three citations and one
warning have been issued for escapes. Pete reviewed the reporting requirements
for escape incidents that these must be reported within 24 hours. The farmer
then has 72 hours to recover the animals or else it will affect the farm’s herd
status and ability to move animals. Davin proposed in the 15 year CWD Plan that
the DNR take total control and regulatory authority over all deer farm fencing.
Larry Gohlke asked Pete about the reliability for reporting escapes? Pete said
that the majority of escapes were reported by the farmer, but it is very
difficult to determine when an escape actually occurred. Pete said that they are
more concerned that an escape is reported and not that it is reported at the
exact time that it happened.
Wisconsin : 436 Deer Have Escaped From Farms to Wild
Date: March 18, 2003 Source: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Contacts: LEE BERGQUIST lbergquist@journalsentinel.com
State finds violations, lax record keeping at many sites, report says
A state inspection of private deer farms, prompted by the discovery of
chronic wasting disease, found that 436 white-tailed deer escaped into the wild,
officials said Tuesday
The Department of Natural Resources found that captive deer have escaped
from one-third of the state's 550 deer farms over the lifetime of the
operations. The agency also uncovered hundreds of violations and has sought a
total of 60 citations or charges against deer farm operators.
snip...
CWD found on 2 farms
Seven deer have tested positive for the disease on game farms - one on a
Portage County farm and six on a Walworth County farm - since the disease was
discovered in three wild deer killed near Mount Horeb in western Dane County.
One deer that tested positive on the Walworth County farm escaped and roamed
free for six months.
snip...
The audit found that most farms were in compliance, but the DNR found many
violations and instances of poor record keeping. Also in numerous instances,
fences did not stop wild and captive deer from intermingling.
At least 227 farms conducted part of their business on a cash basis, making
it hard to track animal movement with financial records.
For example, both the Internal Revenue Service and the state Department of
Revenue have been contacted about a deer farm near Wild Rose in Waushara County
that is suspected of selling six large bucks for $45,000 in cash and not using
live deer shipping tags as required.
The DNR found that game farm operators have more deer in captivity than
their records show, which is "due in part because the owners of a number of
large deer farm operations were! unable to accurately count the number of deer
within their fences," the audit found.
Hundreds of deer escape
The DNR found a total of 671 deer that escaped farms - 436 of which were
never found - because of storm-damaged fences, gates being left open or the
animals jumping over or through fences.
In one example in Kewaunee County, a deer farmer's fence was knocked down
in a summer storm. Ten deer escaped, and the farmer told the DNR he had no
intention of trying to reclaim them. The DNR found five of the deer, killed them
and cited the farmer for violation of a regulation related to fencing.
Another deer farmer near Mishicot, in Manitowoc County, released all nine
of his whitetails last summer after he believed the discovery of chronic wasting
disease was going to drive down the market for captive deer.
The DNR found 24 instances of unlicensed deer farms and issued 19
citations.
Journal Sentinel correspondent Kevin Murphy contributed to this
report.
Game Farms Inspected
A summary of the findings of the Department of Natural Resources'
inspection of 550 private white-tailed deer farms in the state: The deer farms
contained at least 16,070 deer, but the DNR believes there are more deer in
captivity than that because large deer farms are unable to accurately count
their deer. 671 deer had escaped from game farms, including 436 that were never
found.
24 farmers were unlicensed. One had been operating illegally since 1999
after he was denied a license because his deer fence did not meet minimum
specifications.
Records maintained by operators ranged from "meticulous documentation to
relying on memory." At least 227 farms conducted various portions of their deer
farm business with cash. Over the last three years, 1,222 deer died on farms for
various reasons. Disease testing was not performed nor required on the majority
of deer. Farmers reported doing business with people in 22 other states and one
Canadian province. Click these links for more information
The initial discovery at Wilderness Whitetails was the first in five years.
In trying to explain the sudden appearance, McGraw cited several possibilities
for transmission, including the chance it occurred spontaneously.
That drew attention of Clausen and wildlife staff at the DNR. Clausen said
he knew of no peer-reviewed research showing the disease turned up that way.
Tami Ryan, wildlife health section chief with the DNR, asked the
agriculture department to back up the claim.
Richard Bourie, a veterinarian, pointed to a paper by Nobel Laureate
Stanley Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco, who discussed
spontaneous occurrence in TSEs.
*** Ryan wrote back and said, "to the best of our collective knowledge,
spontaneous CWD in wild deer has not been substantiated," although she said the
DNR wasn't trying to pick a fight.
Said McGraw: "There is no battle going on here. We all read science here.
Everybody looks at different possibilities."
Saturday, February 04, 2012
*** Wisconsin 16 age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing
Protocol Needs To Be Revised
Approximately 4,200 fawns, defined as deer under 1 year of age, were
sampled from the eradication zone over the last year. The majority of fawns
sampled were between the ages of 5 to 9 months, though some were as young as 1
month.
*** Two of the six fawns with CWD detected were 5 to 6 months old.
All six of the positive fawns were taken from the core area of the CWD
eradication zone where the highest numbers of positive deer have been
identified.
Wednesday, September 04, 2013
***cwd - cervid captive livestock escapes, loose and on the run in the
wild...
”The occurrence of CWD must be viewed against the contest of the locations
in which it occurred. It was an incidental and unwelcome complication of the
respective wildlife research programmes. Despite it’s subsequent recognition as
a new disease of cervids, therefore justifying direct investigation, no specific
research funding was forthcoming. The USDA veiwed it as a wildlife problem and
consequently not their province!” ...page 26.
Sunday, January 06, 2013
USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE
*** "it‘s no longer its business.”
Monday, June 24, 2013
The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry
Following its Discovery
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
“Atypical” Chronic Wasting Disease in PRNP Genotype 225FF Mule Deer
Sunday, May 18, 2014
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD TSE PRION DISEASE and the transmission to other
species
Tuesday, May 27, 2014
New Missouri CWD regulations... You know where we stand... What are your
thoughts?
Friday, May 30, 2014
Wisconsin Waushara County hunting preserve ordered to pay civil forfeiture
in CWD case
Sunday, September 21, 2014
INFORM: Cervid Health and States Indemnity FY 2015
slaughtering cattle, or killing deer ?
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF INDIANA
SOUTH BEND DIVISION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vs. RUSSELL G. BELLAR, Defendant.
___________________________
)))))))))
Cause No.: 3:04cr00068-AS South Bend, Indiana January 4, 2005 9:30 a.m.
TRANSCRIPT EXCERPT OF JURY TRIAL (TESTIMONY OF: RONNIE DUNN AND RUSTY CAMP)
BEFORE THE HONORABLE ALLEN SHARP
snip...
Ronnie Dunn Cross Examination
Q. Mr. Dunn, at one point I believe you told the federal agents that Mr.
Bellar told you that this was a private deer farm and shooting deer on that farm
was like slaughtering cattle; is that correct?
A. I don't know if I used the word "slaughter," but it was, yeah, like
that.
Q. You don't know if that was your word, "slaughtering cattle"?
A. I don't know that.
Q. Well, did he give you the idea of killing cattle?
A. Yes, it was the same principle.
snip...
see full text ;
BUCK FEVER
*** We conclude that TSE infectivity is likely to survive burial for long
time periods with minimal loss of infectivity and limited movement from the
original burial site. However PMCA results have shown that there is the
potential for rainwater to elute TSE related material from soil which could lead
to the contamination of a wider area. These experiments reinforce the importance
of risk assessment when disposing of TSE risk materials.
*** The results show that even highly diluted PrPSc can bind efficiently to
polypropylene, stainless steel, glass, wood and stone and propagate the
conversion of normal prion protein. For in vivo experiments, hamsters were ic
injected with implants incubated in 1% 263K-infected brain homogenate. Hamsters,
inoculated with 263K-contaminated implants of all groups, developed typical
signs of prion disease, whereas control animals inoculated with non-contaminated
materials did not.
PRION 2014 CONFERENCE
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
A FEW FINDINGS ;
Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first established experimental
model of CWD in TgSB3985. We found evidence for co-existence or divergence of
two CWD strains adapted to Tga20 mice and their replication in TgSB3985 mice.
Finally, we observed phenotypic differences between cervid-derived CWD and
CWD/Tg20 strains upon propagation in TgSB3985 mice. Further studies are underway
to characterize these strains.
We conclude that TSE infectivity is likely to survive burial for long time
periods with minimal loss of infectivity and limited movement from the original
burial site. However PMCA results have shown that there is the potential for
rainwater to elute TSE related material from soil which could lead to the
contamination of a wider area. These experiments reinforce the importance of
risk assessment when disposing of TSE risk materials.
The results show that even highly diluted PrPSc can bind efficiently to
polypropylene, stainless steel, glass, wood and stone and propagate the
conversion of normal prion protein. For in vivo experiments, hamsters were ic
injected with implants incubated in 1% 263K-infected brain homogenate. Hamsters,
inoculated with 263K-contaminated implants of all groups, developed typical
signs of prion disease, whereas control animals inoculated with non-contaminated
materials did not.
Our data establish that meadow voles are permissive to CWD via peripheral
exposure route, suggesting they could serve as an environmental reservoir for
CWD. Additionally, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that at least two
strains of CWD circulate in naturally-infected cervid populations and provide
evidence that meadow voles are a useful tool for CWD strain typing.
Conclusion. CWD prions are shed in saliva and urine of infected deer as
early as 3 months post infection and throughout the subsequent >1.5 year
course of infection. In current work we are examining the relationship of
prionemia to excretion and the impact of excreted prion binding to surfaces and
particulates in the environment.
Conclusion. CWD prions (as inferred by prion seeding activity by RT-QuIC)
are shed in urine of infected deer as early as 6 months post inoculation and
throughout the subsequent disease course. Further studies are in progress
refining the real-time urinary prion assay sensitivity and we are examining more
closely the excretion time frame, magnitude, and sample variables in
relationship to inoculation route and prionemia in naturally and experimentally
CWD-infected cervids.
Conclusions. Our results suggested that the odds of infection for CWD is
likely controlled by areas that congregate deer thus increasing direct
transmission (deer-to-deer interactions) or indirect transmission
(deer-to-environment) by sharing or depositing infectious prion proteins in
these preferred habitats. Epidemiology of CWD in the eastern U.S. is likely
controlled by separate factors than found in the Midwestern and endemic areas
for CWD and can assist in performing more efficient surveillance efforts for the
region.
Conclusions. During the pre-symptomatic stage of CWD infection and
throughout the course of disease deer may be shedding multiple LD50 doses per
day in their saliva. CWD prion shedding through saliva and excreta may account
for the unprecedented spread of this prion disease in nature.
see full text and more ;
Monday, June 23, 2014
*** PRION 2014 CONFERENCE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
*** Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at
least 16 years***
Gudmundur Georgsson1, Sigurdur Sigurdarson2 and Paul Brown3
New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent:
Threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of
replication
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a
CWD-endemic area
A Quantitative Assessment of the Amount of Prion Diverted to Category 1
Materials and Wastewater During Processing
Rapid assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion inactivation by
heat treatment in yellow grease produced in the industrial manufacturing process
of meat and bone meals
PPo4-4:
Survival and Limited Spread of TSE Infectivity after Burial
PPo4-4:
Survival and Limited Spread of TSE Infectivity after Burial
Karen Fernie, Allister Smith and Robert A. Somerville The Roslin Institute
and R(D)SVS; University of Edinburgh; Roslin, Scotland UK
Scrapie and chronic wasting disease probably spread via environmental
routes, and there are also concerns about BSE infection remaining in the
environment after carcass burial or waste 3disposal. In two demonstration
experiments we are determining survival and migration of TSE infectivity when
buried for up to five years, as an uncontained point source or within bovine
heads. Firstly boluses of TSE infected mouse brain were buried in lysimeters
containing either sandy or clay soil. Migration from the boluses is being
assessed from soil cores taken over time. With the exception of a very small
amount of infectivity found 25 cm from the bolus in sandy soil after 12 months,
no other infectivity has been detected up to three years. Secondly, ten bovine
heads were spiked with TSE infected mouse brain and buried in the two soil
types. Pairs of heads have been exhumed annually and assessed for infectivity
within and around them. After one year and after two years, infectivity was
detected in most intracranial samples and in some of the soil samples taken from
immediately surrounding the heads. The infectivity assays for the samples in and
around the heads exhumed at years three and four are underway. These data show
that TSE infectivity can survive burial for long periods but migrates slowly.
Risk assessments should take into account the likely long survival rate when
infected material has been buried.
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from DEFRA.
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered
at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the
animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a
requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.
The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from
the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES.
It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin
processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
*** Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than
negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer
and/or elk protein is imported into GB.
There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data
on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these
products.
snip...
36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of
deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of
Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).
The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and
behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition,
signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a
fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an
altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids
experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).
Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB,
for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate
if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the
human food-chain via affected venison.
snip...
The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and
can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).
snip...
In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil
and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a
bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are
present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with
CWD prion.
snip...
In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving
between GB and North America, *** the probability of at least one person
travelling to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their
clothing, footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than
negligible. For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater
given the increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is
significant uncertainty associated with these estimates.
snip...
Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher
probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer
given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists
and returning GB residents.
snip...
Susceptibility of UK red deer (Cervus alaphus elaphus) to oral BSE
transmission Project Code: M03024
02/08/2011
The project confirmed that U.K red deer are susceptible to both oral and
intra-cerebral inoculation with the cattle BSE agent. Six clinically positive
(from 26-42 months post inoculation) i.c inoculated and one (56 months post
inoculation) orally dosed deer that tested positive for TSE by
immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using several primary antibodies
demonstrated widespread accumulation of disease specific prion protein in the
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and enteric nervous system but
none in lymphoreticular system. All showed several brain sites positive for
disease specific prion protein and presented immunohistochemistry and Western
blotting phenotypes with similarities to BSE in sheep, goats and cattle but
unlike those seen in chronic wasting disease (CWD) in elk or scrapie in sheep.
The vacuolar pathology and distribution of disease specific prion protein in red
deer resembled that of CWD in most major respects however we have shown that BSE
can be clearly differentiated from CWD by existing immunohistochemical and
biochemical methods that are in routine use.
The knowledge gained as a result of this work will permit rapid and
accurate diagnosis should a TSE ever be detected in European red deer and will
also enable effective disease control methods to be quickly put in place.
REASON
Products manufactured from bulk feed containing blood meal that was cross
contaminated with prohibited meat and bone meal and the labeling did not bear
cautionary BSE statement.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
9,997,976 lbs.
DISTRIBUTION
ID and NV
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR MARCH 21, 2007
Sunday, December 15, 2013
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
Thursday, July 03, 2014
*** How Chronic Wasting Disease is affecting deer population and what’s the
risk to humans and pets?
Tuesday, July 01, 2014
*** CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION DISEASE, GAME FARMS, AND
POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS THERE FROM
Sunday, August 24, 2014
*** USAHA 117TH ANNUAL MEETING USDA-APHIS–VS CWD Herd Certification Program
Goals TSE PRION October 17 – 23, 2013
Saturday, September 20, 2014
*** North Carolina Captive cervid licenses and permits Senate Bill 744
Singeltary Submission
Thursday, September 18, 2014
*** Risk behaviors in a rural community with a known point-source exposure
to chronic wasting disease
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
*** Cervid Health Business Plan Fiscal Years 2014 to 2018 Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services ***
Friday, September 05, 2014
*** CFIA CWD and Grain Screenings due to potential risk factor of spreading
via contamination of grain, oil seeds, etc. ***
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
*** Cervid Health Business Plan Fiscal Years 2014 to 2018 Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services ***
cwd to humans ???
Envt.07:
Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free
Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease
Martin L. Daus,1,† Johanna Breyer,2 Katjs Wagenfuehr,1 Wiebke Wemheuer,2
Achim Thomzig,1 Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2 and Michael Beekes1 1Robert Koch
Institut; P24 TSE; Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Neuropathology, Prion and
Dementia Research Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
†Presenting author; Email: dausm@rki.de
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, rapidly spreading
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurring in cervids in North
America. Despite efficient horizontal transmission of CWD among cervids natural
transmission of the disease to other species has not yet been observed. Here, we
report a direct biochemical demonstration of pathological prion protein PrPTSE
and of PrPTSE-associated seeding activity in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected
cervids. The presence of PrPTSE was detected by Western- and postfixed frozen
tissue blotting, while the seeding activity of PrPTSE was revealed by protein
misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). The concentration of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscles of CWD-infected WTD was estimated to be approximately 2000- to
10000-fold lower than in brain tissue. Tissue-blot-analyses revealed that PrPTSE
was located in muscle- associated nerve fascicles but not, in detectable
amounts, in myocytes. The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscle from CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human
diet as a precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further
clarification of whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.
feeding a healthy looking deer to your family could expose them to CWD TSE
prion disease. just saying. ...
SUB-CLINICAL CWD TSE PRION PERFECTLY HEALTHY LOOKING DEER
>>> Elk were captured from early January through mid March. The
majority of captures took place in Moraine Park and near Beaver Meadows Visitor
Center. Out of 136 female elk captured, (there were 117 usable biopsies), 13
tested CWD positive and were removed. Complete necropsies were performed and
confirmed those results. Based on those results there was an 11 percent
estimated CWD prevalence rate in this sample population. At the time of capture
there was no obvious evidence of clinical CWD. <<<
Research Article
Detection of Sub-Clinical CWD Infection in Conventional Test-Negative Deer
Long after Oral Exposure to Urine and Feces from CWD+ Deer
Nicholas J. Haley, Affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and
Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
X Candace K. Mathiason, Affiliation: Department of Microbiology,
Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of
America
X Mark D. Zabel, Affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and
Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
X Glenn C. Telling, Affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
X Edward A. Hoover mail * E-mail: Edward.Hoover@colostate.edu
Affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College
of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado, United States of America
X
Abstract Background Chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids is a prion
disease distinguished by high levels of transmissibility, wherein bodily fluids
and excretions are thought to play an important role. Using cervid bioassay and
established CWD detection methods, we have previously identified infectious
prions in saliva and blood but not urine or feces of CWD+ donors. More recently,
we identified very low concentrations of CWD prions in urine of deer by cervid
PrP transgenic (Tg[CerPrP]) mouse bioassay and serial protein misfolding cyclic
amplification (sPMCA). This finding led us to examine further our initial cervid
bioassay experiments using sPMCA.
Objectives We sought to investigate whether conventional test-negative
deer, previously exposed orally to urine and feces from CWD+ sources, may be
harboring low level CWD infection not evident in the 19 month observation
period. We further attempted to determine the peripheral PrPCWD distribution in
these animals.
Methods Various neural and lymphoid tissues from conventional test-negative
deer were reanalyzed for CWD prions by sPMCA and cervid transgenic mouse
bioassay in parallel with appropriate tissue-matched positive and negative
controls.
Results PrPCWD was detected in the tissues of orally exposed deer by both
sPMCA and Tg[CerPrP] mouse bioassay; each assay revealed very low levels of CWD
prions previously undetectable by western blot, ELISA, or IHC. Serial PMCA
analysis of individual tissues identified that obex alone was positive in 4 of 5
urine/feces exposed deer. PrPCWD was amplified from both lymphoid and neural
tissues of positive control deer but not from identical tissues of negative
control deer.
Discussion Detection of subclinical infection in deer orally exposed to
urine and feces (1) suggests that a prolonged subclinical state can exist,
necessitating observation periods in excess of two years to detect CWD
infection, and (2) illustrates the sensitive and specific application of sPMCA
in the diagnosis of low-level prion infection. Based on these results, it is
possible that low doses of prions, e.g. following oral exposure to urine and
saliva of CWD-infected deer, bypass significant amplification in the LRS,
perhaps utilizing a neural conduit between the alimentary tract and CNS, as has
been demonstrated in some other prion diseases.
Citation: Haley NJ, Mathiason CK, Zabel MD, Telling GC, Hoover EA (2009)
Detection of Sub-Clinical CWD Infection in Conventional Test-Negative Deer Long
after Oral Exposure to Urine and Feces from CWD+ Deer. PLoS ONE 4(11): e7990.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007990
Editor: Jiyan Ma, Ohio State University, United States of America
Received: September 29, 2009; Accepted: October 29, 2009; Published:
November 24, 2009
Copyright: © 2009 Haley et al. This is an open-access article distributed
under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported by NIH/NCRR Ruth L. Kirschstein
Institutional T32 R07072-03 and NIH/NIAID NO1-AI-25491-02 (EAH, GCT). The
funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to
publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests
exist.
Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Infectious Prions in Pre-Clinical Deer and Transmission of Chronic Wasting
Disease Solely by Environmental Exposure
*** We hypothesize that both BSE prions and CWD prions passaged through
felines will seed human recPrP more efficiently than BSE or CWD from the
original hosts, evidence that the new host will dampen the species barrier
between humans and BSE or CWD. The new host effect is particularly relevant as
we investigate potential means of trans-species transmission of prion disease.
SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;
Monday, June 23, 2014
*** PRION 2014 CONFERENCE CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD
*** PPo3-7: Prion Transmission from Cervids to Humans is Strain-dependent
*** Here we report that a human prion strain that had adopted the cervid
prion protein (PrP) sequence through passage in cervidized transgenic mice
efficiently infected transgenic mice expressing human PrP,
*** indicating that the species barrier from cervid to humans is prion
strain-dependent and humans can be vulnerable to novel cervid prion strains.
PPo2-27:
Generation of a Novel form of Human PrPSc by Inter-species Transmission of
Cervid Prions
*** Our findings suggest that CWD prions have the capability to infect
humans, and that this ability depends on CWD strain adaptation, implying that
the risk for human health progressively increases with the spread of CWD among
cervids.
PPo2-7:
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Different CWD Isolates
*** The data presented here substantiate and expand previous reports on the
existence of different CWD strains.
Envt.07:
Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free
Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease
***The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal muscle from
CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human diet as a
precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further clarification of
whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.
>>>CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE , THERE WAS NO ABSOLUTE BARRIER TO
CONVERSION OF THE HUMAN PRION PROTEIN<<<
*** PRICE OF CWD TSE PRION POKER GOES UP 2014 ***
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE PRION update January 2, 2014
Wednesday, January 01, 2014
Molecular Barriers to Zoonotic Transmission of Prions
*** chronic wasting disease, there was no absolute barrier to conversion of
the human prion protein.
*** Furthermore, the form of human PrPres produced in this in vitro assay
when seeded with CWD, resembles that found in the most common human prion
disease, namely sCJD of the MM1 subtype.
PRION2013 CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS CWD
Sunday, August 25, 2013
HD.13: CWD infection in the spleen of humanized transgenic mice
***These results indicate that the CWD prion may have the potential to
infect human peripheral lymphoid tissues.
Oral.15: Molecular barriers to zoonotic prion transmission: Comparison of
the ability of sheep, cattle and deer prion disease isolates to convert normal
human prion protein to its pathological isoform in a cell-free system
***However, they also show that there is no absolute barrier ro conversion of
human prion protein in the case of chronic wasting disease.
PRION2013 CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS CWD
Sunday, August 25, 2013
***Chronic Wasting Disease CWD risk factors, humans, domestic cats, blood,
and mother to offspring transmission
Friday, November 09, 2012
*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other
species
there is in fact evidence that the potential for cwd transmission to humans
can NOT be ruled out.
I thought your readers and hunters and those that consume the venison,
should have all the scientific facts, personally, I don’t care what you eat, but
if it effects me and my family down the road, it should then concern everyone,
and the potential of iatrogenic transmission of the TSE prion is real i.e.
‘friendly fire’, medical, surgical, dental, blood, tissue, and or products there
from...like deer antler velvet and TSE prions and nutritional supplements there
from, all a potential risk factor that should not be ignored or silenced. ...
the prion gods at the cdc state that there is ;
''no strong evidence''
but let's see exactly what the authors of this cwd to human at the cdc
state ;
now, let’s see what the authors said about this casual link, personal
communications years ago. see where it is stated NO STRONG evidence. so, does
this mean there IS casual evidence ????
“Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD
transmission to humans”
From: TSS (216-119-163-189.ipset45.wt.net)
Subject: CWD aka MAD DEER/ELK TO HUMANS ???
Date: September 30, 2002 at 7:06 am PST
From: "Belay, Ermias"
To:
Cc: "Race, Richard (NIH)" ; ; "Belay, Ermias"
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 9:22 AM
Subject: RE: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS
Dear Sir/Madam,
In the Archives of Neurology you quoted (the abstract of which was attached
to your email), we did not say CWD in humans will present like variant CJD.
That assumption would be wrong. I encourage you to read the whole article
and call me if you have questions or need more clarification (phone:
404-639-3091). Also, we do not claim that "no-one has ever been infected with
prion disease from eating venison." Our conclusion stating that we found no
strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans in the article you quoted or in
any other forum is limited to the patients we investigated.
Ermias Belay, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-----Original Message-----
From:
Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:15 AM
To: rr26k@nih.gov; rrace@niaid.nih.gov; ebb8@CDC.GOV
Subject: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS
Sunday, November 10, 2002 6:26 PM ......snip........end..............TSS
Thursday, April 03, 2008
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
Sigurdson CJ.
snip...
*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported
to the Surveillance Center***,
snip...
full text ;
***********CJD REPORT 1994 increased risk for consumption of veal and
venison and lamb***********
CREUTZFELDT JAKOB DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM THIRD ANNUAL
REPORT AUGUST 1994
Consumption of venison and veal was much less widespread among both cases
and controls. For both of these meats there was evidence of a trend with
increasing frequency of consumption being associated with increasing risk of
CJD. (not nvCJD, but sporadic CJD...tss)
These associations were largely unchanged when attention was restricted to
pairs with data obtained from relatives. ...
Table 9 presents the results of an analysis of these data.
There is STRONG evidence of an association between ‘’regular’’ veal eating
and risk of CJD (p = .0.01).
Individuals reported to eat veal on average at least once a year appear to
be at 13 TIMES THE RISK of individuals who have never eaten veal.
There is, however, a very wide confidence interval around this estimate.
There is no strong evidence that eating veal less than once per year is
associated with increased risk of CJD (p = 0.51).
The association between venison eating and risk of CJD shows similar
pattern, with regular venison eating associated with a 9 FOLD INCREASE IN RISK
OF CJD (p = 0.04).
There is some evidence that risk of CJD INCREASES WITH INCREASING FREQUENCY
OF LAMB EATING (p = 0.02).
The evidence for such an association between beef eating and CJD is weaker
(p = 0.14). When only controls for whom a relative was interviewed are included,
this evidence becomes a little STRONGER (p = 0.08).
snip...
It was found that when veal was included in the model with another
exposure, the association between veal and CJD remained statistically
significant (p = < 0.05 for all exposures), while the other exposures ceased
to be statistically significant (p = > 0.05).
snip...
In conclusion, an analysis of dietary histories revealed statistical
associations between various meats/animal products and INCREASED RISK OF CJD.
When some account was taken of possible confounding, the association between
VEAL EATING AND RISK OF CJD EMERGED AS THE STRONGEST OF THESE ASSOCIATIONS
STATISTICALLY. ...
snip...
In the study in the USA, a range of foodstuffs were associated with an
increased risk of CJD, including liver consumption which was associated with an
apparent SIX-FOLD INCREASE IN THE RISK OF CJD. By comparing the data from 3
studies in relation to this particular dietary factor, the risk of liver
consumption became non-significant with an odds ratio of 1.2 (PERSONAL
COMMUNICATION, PROFESSOR A. HOFMAN. ERASMUS UNIVERSITY, ROTTERDAM). (???...TSS)
snip...see full report ;
Thursday, October 10, 2013
*************CJD REPORT 1994 increased risk for consumption of veal and
venison and lamb**************
CJD9/10022
October 1994
Mr R.N. Elmhirst Chairman British Deer Farmers Association Holly Lodge
Spencers Lane BerksWell Coventry CV7 7BZ
Dear Mr Elmhirst,
CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) SURVEILLANCE UNIT REPORT
Thank you for your recent letter concerning the publication of the third
annual report from the CJD Surveillance Unit. I am sorry that you are
dissatisfied with the way in which this report was published.
The Surveillance Unit is a completely independant outside body and the
Department of Health is committed to publishing their reports as soon as they
become available. In the circumstances it is not the practice to circulate the
report for comment since the findings of the report would not be amended. In
future we can ensure that the British Deer Farmers Association receives a copy
of the report in advance of publication.
The Chief Medical Officer has undertaken to keep the public fully informed
of the results of any research in respect of CJD. This report was entirely the
work of the unit and was produced completely independantly of the the
Department.
The statistical results reqarding the consumption of venison was put into
perspective in the body of the report and was not mentioned at all in the press
release. Media attention regarding this report was low key but gave a realistic
presentation of the statistical findings of the Unit. This approach to
publication was successful in that consumption of venison was highlighted only
once by the media ie. in the News at one television proqramme.
I believe that a further statement about the report, or indeed statistical
links between CJD and consumption of venison, would increase, and quite possibly
give damaging credence, to the whole issue. From the low key media reports of
which I am aware it seems unlikely that venison consumption will suffer
adversely, if at all.
http://web.archive.org/web/20030511010117/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/10/00003001.pdf
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. ***These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
*** our results raise the possibility that CJD cases classified as VV1 may
include cases caused by iatrogenic transmission of sCJD-MM1 prions or food-borne
infection by type 1 prions from animals, e.g., chronic wasting disease prions in
cervid. In fact, two CJD-VV1 patients who hunted deer or consumed venison have
been reported (40, 41). The results of the present study emphasize the need for
traceback studies and careful re-examination of the biochemical properties of
sCJD-VV1 prions. ***
snip...see full text ;
Thursday, January 2, 2014
*** CWD TSE Prion in cervids to hTGmice, Heidenhain Variant
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease MM1 genotype, and iatrogenic CJD ??? ***
TSS
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
3:26 PM
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