Chronic Wasting Disease CWD surveillance, deer feeding ban continues in southeastern Minnesota
From: Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Sent: Thursday, September 19, 2013 12:10 PM
Subject: Chronic Wasting Disease CWD surveillance, deer feeding ban
continues in southeastern Minnesota
Greetings Honorable Governor Mark Dayton, Minnesota officials and hunters
et al,
I kindly submit the following updated science on CWD from the PRION2013
congressional abstracts. I think you should find interest in this most recent
science. data starts about midway down, after history of CWD in Minnesota.
...
kind regards, terry
CWD surveillance, deer feeding ban continues in southeastern
Minnesota
(Released September 9, 2013)
Mandatory testing for chronic wasting disease (CWD) and a related ban on
deer feeding continues in southeastern Minnesota, according to the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources (DNR).
Sampling of deer harvested in permit area 602 will begin again when the
archery deer season opens Saturday, Sept. 14. Hunters are required to register
their deer in person and may not remove the carcass from the area until a
negative test result is reported. Phone and Internet registration options are
not allowed for deer harvested in this area.
The following registration stations will be open during archery
season:
Neptune Bar and Grill, 468 Highway 60, Zumbro Falls. Greenway Cooperative,
Pine Island. Archery Headquarters, 3440 Northern Valley Place, Rochester. Gander
Mountain, 3470 55th St. NW, Rochester. Kasson Hardware Hank, 11 4th St. SE,
Kasson. Due to the low numbers of deer that are taken, DNR staff will not be
staffing these stations during either the archery or muzzleloader seasons.
Instead, hunters will be required to submit the head of adult deer for sampling.
A box will be located at each site with specific instructions regarding how to
submit the sample. Hunters are encouraged to plan ahead and have a place to
store their deer until test results are available if they plan to transport it
outside of the 602 area. Deer cannot be transported out of the area without a
negative test result.
Samples will be submitted every Monday and Thursday during the archery
season and results will be reported back within three business days. Test
results can be checked online.
Deer feeding prohibited In addition to continued CWD surveillance, a deer
feeding ban remains in place for Dodge, Goodhue, Olmsted and Wabasha
counties.
“The prohibition on feeding has been in place to reduce artificial
concentrations of deer,” said Michelle Carstensen, DNR wildlife health program
supervisor. “Animals congregating around a food source, even a bird feeder if
accessible, increase the odds of spreading an infectious disease like
CWD.”
The current feeding ban, which includes attractants such as salt and
mineral blocks, is effective through February 2014.
DNR has been actively on the lookout for CWD since 2002, when the disease
was first detected in captive animals. Surveillance efforts increased in
southeastern Minnesota during fall 2009 after a captive elk farm near Pine
Island was infected with CWD.
During fall 2010, a hunter-harvested deer was found positive for CWD, the
first occurrence of CWD in wild deer in the state. As a result, a CWD
surveillance zone (permit area 602) was created to help DNR manage the outbreak
of the disease in wild deer.
Intensive surveillance efforts in 2011 and 2012 have failed to find any
additional positive cases. The DNR CWD response plan requires 3 years of testing
without a positive result before an area has its disease management status
designation removed. If no positive results are found this year, the zone’s
disease management status may change.
Detailed information regarding CWD management, registration, sample
submission and carcass requirements can be found on the DNR website. Hunters are
encouraged to monitor this site as new information is added as it becomes
available.
2012-2013 BIENNIAL BUDGET FACT SHEET Wildlife Health Expenditures: $975,000
FY 2012 / $975,000 FY 2013 (General Fund)
It is needed because
Wildlife health issues have recently become more prevalent in and around
Minnesota and threaten to impact both recreational opportunities and commercial
poultry and cattle operations in the state. The first confirmed case of chronic
wasting disease (CWD), a fatal disease of deer, elk, and moose, was detected in
the state’s wild deer population near Pine Island in southeastern Minnesota in
the fall of 2010. The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has initiated a
significant management response within the area. Chronic wasting disease (CWD)
was also confirmed on a captive cervid farm in Olmsted County in 2009, prompting
DNR to conduct surveillance in that area for a 3-year period to ensure the
disease has not spilled over into wild deer. This is the fourth time a captive
cervid farm has been found with CWD in Minnesota and DNR has responded with
increase surveillance in wild deer. DNR also will continue to periodically
conduct surveillance along the border with Wisconsin, which has endemic CWD in
wild deer. ...
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Friday, May 25, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD found in a farmed red deer from Ramsey County
Minnesota
Saturday, March 17, 2012
Minnesota CWD DNR, Can chronic wasting disease jump from deer to humans?
yes, maybe some day YOUTUBE
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
Minnesota, National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, has
confirmed CWD case near Pine Island
Friday, January 21, 2011
MINNESOTA HIGHLY SUSPECT CWD POSITIVE WILD DEER FOUND NEAR PINE ISLAND
Saturday, October 31, 2009
Elk from Olmsted County herd depopulated to control CWD Three additional
elk from the 558-head herd tested positive
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Chronic Wasting Disease found in a farmed elk from Olmsted County ST. PAUL,
Minn.
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE UPDATE September 6, 2002
Minnesota has announced the finding of CWD in a captive elk in Aitkin
County. The animal was a five-year-old male. It had been purchased from a
captive facility in Stearns County in August of 2000. The herd where the elk was
found has been placed under quarantine as has two additional facilities where
the infected elk had resided prior to it coming to the farm in Aitkin County.
Minnesota DNR officials will test wild deer in the area to determine if there is
any sign of CWD in the free-ranging population. This is the first case of CWD in
either captive or freeranging cervids in Minnesota. Several more states have
passed bans on the importation of deer and elk carcasses from states where CWD
has been found in wild animals. Previously the states of Colorado, Illinois and
Iowa and the province of Manitoba had passed such bans. The states of Vermont,
Oregon and Missouri have enacted similar bans. Numerous states have issue
voluntary advisories to their out-of-state hunters encouraging them not to bring
the carcass or carcass parts of deer and elk into their state. The bans do
permit the importation of boned out meat, hides or cape with no meat attached,
clean skull cap with antler attached, finished taxidermy heads or the ivories of
elk. The state of Georgia has recently banned the importation of live cervids
into that state also. Some citizens of Colorado have formed a new political
action group called Colorado Wildlife Defense (just happens that the acronym is
CWD). The stated goal of this group are; Elimination of big game diseases,
especially CWD; promotion of healthy wildlife habitat; promotion of
scientifically sound wildlife research; promotion of a discussion of the ethics
of hunting and wildlife management; education of the hunting and non hunting
public. Their action plan calls for; requiring double fencing of all game farms
at owners expense; all game farmers provide annual proof of bonding; prohibit
new licenses for deer and elk farms; prohibit expansion in acreage of existing
game farms; prohibit the transfer of game farm licenses; prohibit charging for
hunting behind high wire; prohibit blocking of traditional migratory paths by
high fences; requiring game farms to maintain environmental controls and
prohibit the escape of contaminated water or soil; requiring immediate reporting
of missing deer or elk from game farms; and requiring all game farm deer and elk
to be tested for brucellosis and TB. Wisconsin has announced that 7 more
free-ranging deer have tested positive for CWD. They have expanded their
eradication zone by an additional 15 square miles to cover these findings. The
total number of free-ranging CWD positive in Wisconsin is now 31 white-tail
deer.
In 2000, a elk farmer in Wisconsin received elk from a CWD exposed herd in
Colorado. At that time, the farmer advised the Wisconsin Department of
Agriculture that both animals from the exposed herd in Colorado were dead. He
has now advised Wisconsin Ag. that he was mistaken and that one of the animals
is still alive in his herd. The second draft of the implementation documents for
the National CWD Plan was distributed to committee members and others on Friday,
August 30. The final documents are due to APHIS and USFWS on Friday, September
13. The herd of captive elk in Oklahoma that had been exposed to CWD will be
destroyed this week. This herd had an elk test positive for CWD in 1997 but the
depopulation of the herd was not agreed to by the owners and federal
representatives until this week. Since the discovery of CWD in the herd, the
remaining animals have been under quarantine, however, in the meantime the herd
has dropped from 150 animals to 74. Due to a lack of communication, not all of
the 76 animals that died in the interim were tested for CWD. All remaining
animals will be tested but the true degree of infection rate of the herd will
never be known.
The owners of the facility will not be permitted to restock the area with
cervids for a period of five years. A New York based organization, BioTech
Research Fund I LLC has committed a $1 million line of credit to fund
commercialization of tests for brain-wasting disorders and production of various
vaccines to Gene-Thera of Wheat Ridge, Colorado. Gene-Thera has spent three
years developing new ways not only to diagnose CWD, but create vaccines for mad
cow disease, E. coli contaminants and foot-and-mouth disease. Its tests for CWD
have been successful in more than 100 samples from Colorado and Wisconsin
according to company officials. Gene-Thera plans to license and market some o
fits disease test kits by the end of the year, then begin volume distribution by
mid-2003. The abstracts of the presentations from the CWD Conference in Denver
August 6 and 7 have been posted on the Colorado Division of Wildlife web site.
You will need adobe acrobat reader to read them.
The Division web site is: http://wildlife.state.co.us/CWD/Symposium_booklet.pdf
If you don’t have adobe acrobat, you can download it free at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html
Minnesota: Second case in a game farmed elk discovered in Stearns Co.
This is a trace forward from the previously affected game farm in Aitkins
Co. An additional game farm in Benton Co is under quarantine.
snip...
Supporting Documents: Colorado: CWD-Exposed Elk Used in 1990 Study-
Wildlife officials call W. Slope move a mistake Date: January 17, 2003 Source:
Denver Post Contacts: Theo Stein Environment Writer
The Colorado Division of Wildlife knowingly used a herd of captive elk
exposed to chronic wasting disease in a grazing study on the Western Slope in
January 1990, possibly introducing the disease to the elk-rich area. "It was a
bad call," said Jeff Ver Steeg, the division's top game manager. "I can't deny
it." About 150 wild elk were allowed to graze in the same pens near Maybell
after the research herd was removed and may have picked up the abnormal protein
that causes the disease from the feces and urine left by the captive elk. While
the Division of Wildlife has expressed concern before that its animals might
have helped spread CWD, this is the first time the agency has acknowledged it
knowingly moved elk exposed to CWD deep into an area where the disease was not
known to already exist. Studies that could help determine the source of CWD on
the Western Slope are incomplete, and officials say what data that do exist are
so new and so spotty they may not provide all the answers. So far, it appears
that less than 1 percent of deer and elk in the area are infected, compared with
as much as 15 to 20 percent in hotspots in northeastern Colorado. But as
wildlife officials grapple with CWD's appearance in northwestern Colorado,
officials now admit the decision to continue the grazing study over the
objections of some biologists was an error. At the time, biologists wanted to
see whether elk grazing on winter range depleted forage that ranchers wanted for
fattening cattle in spring. "I think in hindsight a lot of good people probably
did some dumb things, myself included," said Bruce Gill, a retired wildlife
manager who oversaw research efforts and remembers the debate over the project.
"Had we known CWD would explode into such a potentially volatile ecologic and
economic issue, we wouldn't have done it." Elk ranchers, who have been blamed
for exporting the disease from its stronghold on the Colorado and Wyoming plains
to seven states and two Canadian provinces, say the agency's belated disclosure
smacks of a coverup. "It's pure negligence," said Jerry Perkins, a Delta banker
and rancher who is now demanding a legislative inquiry. "If I'd have moved
animals I knew to be infected around like that, I'd be in jail." Grand Junction
veterinarian and sportsman Dick Steele said he faults the agency for not
disclosing information about CWD-exposed research animals before October, when
information was posted on the Division of Wildlife website. "This went way
beyond poor judgment," he said. "My main concern is that this has been hidden
for the last 12 years. It would have been real important to our decision-making
process on how to deal with CWD." While the Maybell information is new, Perkins
and other ranchers have long suspected Division of Wildlife research facilities
near Meeker and Kremmling, which temporarily housed mule deer kept in heavily
infected pens at the Fort Collins facility, have leaked CWD to the wild. Fear of
an outbreak led the agency to sample 450 deer around the Meeker and Kremmling
facilities. None tested positive, but the sample size was only large enough to
detect cases if the infection rate was greater than 1 percent. This fall, tests
on 23,000 deer and elk submitted by hunters statewide have revealed 48 CWD cases
north of Interstate 70 and west of the Continental Divide. Biologists believe
the infection rate in that area, which includes the Maybell, Meeker and
Kremmling sites, is still well below 1 percent. But CWD has never been contained
in a wild population, so experts fear the problem will grow worse.
The Division of Wildlife says it will be months before a statistical
analysis of the fall's sampling results can be completed, an exercise that may
shed light on the disease's origin on the Western Slope. "We're just not going
to speculate at this point," said Ver Steeg of the possible Maybell connection.
"This is one possibility, but certainly not the only possibility." Some
biologists think a defunct elk ranch near Pagoda, which had dozens of
unexplained deaths in the mid-'90s, is another, a suggestion Perkins rejects.
"It may be inconclusive to them," said Perkins. "It isn't inconclusive to us."
To date, 19 CWD-positive animals have been found on six Wisconsin farms.
All have been white-tailed deer except for one elk imported from a Minnesota
herd later found to be infected. More than 8,000 farm-raised deer and elk have
been tested in Wisconsin, and about 540 herds are enrolled in the CWD monitoring
program.
Subject: CWD disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
southwestern Minnesota (2006-03-15) Date: March 15, 2006 at 12:36 pm PST
Chronic wasting disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
(2006-03-15) The Board of Animal Health announced today that chronic wasting
disease (CWD) has been detected in one domestic white-tailed deer on a cervid
farm in Lac qui Parle County, which is located in southwestern Minnesota.
Immediately, DNR officials will conduct a local deer survey to determine
the number of wild deer in the area. It is expected that not many deer will be
found because the area is highly agricultural, with little deer habitat
surrounding the farm. DNR will conduct opportunistic sampling of deer, like road
kills, in the immediate area now and will conduct intensive hunter-harvested
surveillance during the 2006 firearm deer season.
Although this positive animal is a captive deer, DNR has conducted
surveillance for CWD in wild deer in the area. The farm is located near the
northern boundary of deer permit area 447, where wild deer surveillance for CWD
last occurred in 2003.
Lou Cornicelli, DNR big game program coordinator, said, "In 2003, we
conducted wild deer CWD surveillance in adjoining permit areas 433, 446 and 447.
In total, we collected 392 samples from those permit areas during the regular
firearm deer season and CWD was not detected."
The sampling of wild deer was designed statistically to have a 95 percent
confidence of detecting a 1 percent infection rate, according to Mike DonCarlos,
DNR wildlife programs manager.
"This situation is very similar to the positive elk farm discovered in
Stearns County in 2003, which followed the first discovery of CWD in an Aitkin
County elk farm," DonCarlos said. “The DNR response will be similar to the
Stearns County action and will include an initial assessment of wild deer
populations in the area and development of a surveillance program for next
fall."
From 2002 to 2004, DNR staff collected nearly 28,000 CWD samples statewide
and no disease found in the wild herd.
"The intensive surveillance conducted in 2003 indicated CWD was not present
in wild deer," Cornicelli said. “In addition, all indications are that this
positive captive deer has not contacted any wild deer, but we will conduct
additional surveillance this fall to be sure."
Subject: CWD disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
southwestern Minnesota (2006-03-15) Date: March 15, 2006 at 12:36 pm PST
Chronic wasting disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
(2006-03-15) The Board of Animal Health announced today that chronic wasting
disease (CWD) has been detected in one domestic white-tailed deer on a cervid
farm in Lac qui Parle County, which is located in southwestern Minnesota.
Immediately, DNR officials will conduct a local deer survey to determine
the number of wild deer in the area. It is expected that not many deer will be
found because the area is highly agricultural, with little deer habitat
surrounding the farm. DNR will conduct opportunistic sampling of deer, like road
kills, in the immediate area now and will conduct intensive hunter-harvested
surveillance during the 2006 firearm deer season.
Although this positive animal is a captive deer, DNR has conducted
surveillance for CWD in wild deer in the area. The farm is located near the
northern boundary of deer permit area 447, where wild deer surveillance for CWD
last occurred in 2003.
Lou Cornicelli, DNR big game program coordinator, said, "In 2003, we
conducted wild deer CWD surveillance in adjoining permit areas 433, 446 and 447.
In total, we collected 392 samples from those permit areas during the regular
firearm deer season and CWD was not detected."
The sampling of wild deer was designed statistically to have a 95 percent
confidence of detecting a 1 percent infection rate, according to Mike DonCarlos,
DNR wildlife programs manager.
"This situation is very similar to the positive elk farm discovered in
Stearns County in 2003, which followed the first discovery of CWD in an Aitkin
County elk farm," DonCarlos said. “The DNR response will be similar to the
Stearns County action and will include an initial assessment of wild deer
populations in the area and development of a surveillance program for next
fall."
From 2002 to 2004, DNR staff collected nearly 28,000 CWD samples statewide
and no disease found in the wild herd.
"The intensive surveillance conducted in 2003 indicated CWD was not present
in wild deer," Cornicelli said. “In addition, all indications are that this
positive captive deer has not contacted any wild deer, but we will conduct
additional surveillance this fall to be sure."
***PRION2013 CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS ON
CWD***
Sunday, August 25, 2013
***PRION2013 CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS
Prion2013 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD risk factors, humans, domestic cats,
blood, and mother to offspring transmission
Sunday, July 21, 2013
*** As Chronic Wasting Disease CWD rises in deer herd, what about risk for
humans?
Wednesday, September 04, 2013
***cwd - cervid captive livestock escapes, loose and on the run in the
wild...
Thursday, August 08, 2013
***PRION2013 CONGRESSIONAL ABSTRACTS
Characterization of the first case of naturally occurring chronic wasting
disease in a captive red deer (Cervus elaphus) in North America
Sunday, September 01, 2013
hunting over gut piles and CWD TSE prion disease
Sunday, June 09, 2013
Missouri House forms 13-member Interim Committee on the Cause and Spread of
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Wednesday, August 21, 2013
IOWA DNR EMERGENCY CONSENT ORDER IN THE MATTER OF TOM & LINDA BRAKKE
D/B/A PINE RIDGE HUNTING LODGE UPDATE AUGUST 21, 2013
Saturday, September 07, 2013
Georgia House Bill 1043 and Chronic Wasting Disease CWD
Greetings Honorable Representatives of the House, Game, Fish, & Parks,
Tuesday, October 23, 2012
PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free
USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”
Sunday, January 06, 2013
USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”
Tuesday, May 28, 2013
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD quarantine Louisiana via CWD index herd
Pennsylvania Update May 28, 2013
6 doe from Pennsylvania CWD index herd still on the loose in Louisiana,
quarantine began on October 18, 2012, still ongoing, Lake Charles premises.
Monday, June 24, 2013
The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry
Following its Discovery
Saturday, June 29, 2013
PENNSYLVANIA CAPTIVE CWD INDEX HERD MATE YELLOW *47 STILL RUNNING LOOSE IN
INDIANA, YELLOW NUMBER 2 STILL MISSING, AND OTHERS ON THE RUN STILL IN LOUISIANA
Friday, August 02, 2013
The Fight to Keep Chronic Wasting Disease Out of Florida
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
pens, pens, PENS ???
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD.
The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr.
Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at
this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had
previously been occupied by sheep.
now, decades later ;
2012
PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed
deer
Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture;
Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA
snip...
The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the
manifestation of CWD and scrapie in WTD after IC inoculation including early and
widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression
and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months.
Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a
molecular profile similar to CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or
the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination
indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and
those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any
sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity
by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure,
100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of
wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI.
Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC
inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular
profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were
similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a
panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties
differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples
from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed
with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly
immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from
sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from
WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are
highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is
differentiable from CWD.
2011
*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were
susceptible to scrapie.
Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National
Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA
snip...
This highlights the facts that 1) prior to the onset of clinical signs
PrPSc is widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues and 2) currently
used diagnostic methods are sufficient to detect PrPSc prior to the onset of
clinical signs. The results of this study suggest that there are many
similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in white-tailed deer after
IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid
tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting,
and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on
brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile consistent with CWD
and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However,
results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences
between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie:
amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer
and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like.
After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to
scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were
necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for
scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain,
tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches,
and spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer
inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern
similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.
2011 Annual Report
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research
Unit
2011 Annual Report
In Objective 1, Assess cross-species transmissibility of transmissible
spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in livestock and wildlife, numerous
experiments assessing the susceptibility of various TSEs in different host
species were conducted. Most notable is deer inoculated with scrapie, which
exhibits similarities to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer suggestive of
sheep scrapie as an origin of CWD.
snip...
4.Accomplishments 1. Deer inoculated with domestic isolates of sheep
scrapie. Scrapie-affected deer exhibit 2 different patterns of disease
associated prion protein. In some regions of the brain the pattern is much like
that observed for scrapie, while in others it is more like chronic wasting
disease (CWD), the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy typically associated
with deer. This work conducted by ARS scientists at the National Animal Disease
Center, Ames, IA suggests that an interspecies transmission of sheep scrapie to
deer may have been the origin of CWD. This is important for husbandry practices
with both captive deer, elk and sheep for farmers and ranchers attempting to
keep their herds and flocks free of CWD and scrapie.
White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection
Jodi D. Smith, Justin J. Greenlee, and Robert A. Kunkle; Virus and Prion
Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS
snip...
This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are
susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation.
In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine similarities between
scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic
wasting disease resulting from similar routes of inoculation.
see full text ;
SEE MORE USAHA REPORTS HERE, 2012 NOT PUBLISHED YET...TSS
Thursday, June 20, 2013
atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild
Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update
Friday, December 14, 2012
*** DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being
introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
snip...
In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation
(21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin)
from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With
regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may
not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients. For elk and deer considered
at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the
animal feed system. However, this recommendation is guidance and not a
requirement by law.
Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:
1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD
eradication zones and
2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to
slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.
Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive
animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.
The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from
the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES.
It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin
processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.
Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible
risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk
protein is imported into GB.
There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data
on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these
products.
snip...
36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of
deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of
Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011). The clinical signs
of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and behavioural changes that can span
weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition, signs might include excessive
salivation, behavioural alterations including a fixed stare and changes in
interaction with other animals in the herd, and an altered stance (Williams,
2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids experimentally infected
with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Given this, if CWD was to be
introduced into countries with BSE such as GB, for example, infected deer
populations would need to be tested to differentiate if they were infected with
CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the human food-chain via
affected venison.
snip...
The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and
can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).
snip...
In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil
and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a
bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are
present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with
CWD prion.
snip...
In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving
between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling
to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing,
footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible.
For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the
increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant
uncertainty associated with these estimates.
snip...
Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher
probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer
given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists
and returning GB residents.
snip...
SNIP...SEE ;
Friday, December 14, 2012
DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced
into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012
Tuesday, September 17, 2013
***USAHA 116TH ANNUAL MEETING October 18 – 24, 2012 CWD, Scrapie, BSE, TSE
prion (September 17, 2013)
Sunday, September 1, 2013
***Evaluation of the Zoonotic Potential of Transmissible Mink
Encephalopathy
We previously described the biochemical similarities between PrPres derived
from L-BSE infected macaque and cortical MM2 sporadic CJD: those observations
suggest a link between these two uncommon prion phenotypes in a primate model
(it is to note that such a link has not been observed in other models less
relevant from the human situation as hamsters or transgenic mice overexpressing
ovine PrP [28]). We speculate that a group of related animal prion strains
(L-BSE, c-BSE and TME) would have a zoonotic potential and lead to prion
diseases in humans with a type 2 PrPres molecular signature (and more
specifically type 2B for vCJD)
snip...
Together with previous experiments performed in ovinized and bovinized
transgenic mice and hamsters [8,9] indicating similarities between TME and
L-BSE, the data support the hypothesis that L-BSE could be the origin of the TME
outbreaks in North America and Europe during the mid-1900s.
Monday, September 02, 2013
Atypical BSE: role of the E211K prion polymorphism
Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF
TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES
Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit
Sunday, August 11, 2013
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America updated report
August 2013
***Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease CJD cases rising North America with Canada
seeing an extreme increase of 48% between 2008 and 2010
Saturday, July 6, 2013
*** Small Ruminant Nor98 Prions Share Biochemical Features with Human
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease and Variably Protease-Sensitive
Prionopathy
Research Article
Sunday, September 08, 2013
***Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease via surgical instruments and
decontamination possibilities for the TSE prion
lost my mom to hvCJD i.e. the Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob
Disease hvCJD ‘confirmed’ 12/14/97. just made a promise to her. back then, there
was not much information in the public domain about the TSE prion disease. I
could not and still, to this day, don’t accept the bogus myth that 85%+ of all
human TSE prion disease i.e. sporadic CJD, just happens, without route and
source of anything, a happenstance of bad luck, a spontaneous event, of a
miss-folding protein. and in fact, we are learning today that some of the
sporadic CJDs are being linked to atypical BSE and atypical scrapie, cwd will be
next, if it has not happened already. ...
layperson
kind regards, terry
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
P.O. Box 42
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
12:14 PM
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