Sybille Wildlife Research Center working on CWD composting study

Sybille Wildlife Research Center working on CWD composting study

AUGUST 8, 2024

LARAMIE REGION NEWS

If you have driven Highway 34 through Sybille Canyon recently, your attention may have been grabbed by what have been described by many as “giant coffins” outside of the Game and Fish Wildlife Research Center at Sybille. Rather than coffins, these are actually compost bins, designed to conduct research to evaluate the ability of the composting process to break down the prions that cause Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD). 

CWD is a chronic, fatal disease of the central nervous system that affects deer, elk, and moose. It is caused by abnormally folded proteins called prions. Early in the disease, animals may show no clinical signs of being sick, however as the disease progresses, animals lose weight, become lethargic, and eventually die. A major challenge associated with the spread of CWD is the ability for prions to persist in the environment. This can lead to contamination of habitats for years, facilitating the spread of the disease to new individuals through ingestion of contaminated forage.

Previous research has demonstrated that CWD-infected carcasses that break down naturally in the environment contribute to habitat contamination. This led researchers at Sybille to wonder if a more robust decomposition process, through composting, could reduce the amount of CWD prions left behind when an infected animal carcass breaks down.

“Composting creates a highly alkaline environment (high pH) that can lead to intense microbial activity and high temperatures,” explains Brie Hashem, Game and Fish research biologist at the Sybille Wildlife Research Center. “Those conditions promote protein breakdown, so we think CWD prions could be degraded or eliminated through that process. We have also added certain materials into the bins that we expect to enhance the composting process. Altogether, we are hoping these bins will produce the optimal conditions for the degradation of prions from infected elk carcasses.”

Construction of the bins was completed in late May, and the composting process began in June. Some bins contain whole elk carcasses and others contain butchered waste of elk to determine whether the composting process affects those two forms differently. All bins are outfitted with temperature and moisture sensors that allow researchers to monitor composting conditions for the duration of the experiment. Hashem anticipates that the project will continue through September, when she will test the compost, soil, and any liquids produced for presence of CWD prions. 

If the composting process is successful at reducing or eliminating CWD prions, it may provide another mechanism for disposal of CWD infected carcasses collected from the landscape or harvested by hunters. Current means to dispose of infected animal carcasses include incineration or landfills. If composting proves successful, additional studies could investigate the feasibility of using composting facilities as an added method to address carcass disposal. 

With hunting seasons fast approaching, hunters are encouraged to educate themselves about CWD. Game and Fish will be continuing its CWD surveillance testing program to track prevalence of the disease in deer and elk herds around the state. Any hunter may submit a sample for CWD testing, and certain hunt areas are designated for enhanced monitoring or mandatory sampling this year.

Bins have open tops to allow rainfall in. Additional moisture is also expected to enhance the composting process. The black wires seen in the bottom left corner connect to temperature and moisture sensors spread throughout the bins to monitor composting conditions.

Laramie Regional Office 307-745-4046

https://wgfd.wyo.gov/news-events/sybille-wildlife-research-center-working-cwd-composting-study

Published: 23 December 2022

Biodegradation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions in compost

Shanwei Xu, Sujeema Abeysekara, Sandor Dudas, Stefanie Czub, Antanas Staskevicius, Gordon Mitchell, Kingsley K. Amoako & Tim A. McAllister

Abstract To reduce the transmission risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prions (PrPBSE), specified risk materials (SRM) that can harbour PrPBSE are prevented from entering the feed and food chains. As composting is one approach to disposing of SRM, we investigated the inactivation of PrPBSE in lab-scale composters over 28 days and in bin composters over 106–120 days. Lab-scale composting was conducted using 45 kg of feedlot manure with and without chicken feathers. Based on protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), after 28 days of composting, PrPBSE seeding activity was reduced by 3–4 log10 with feathers and 3 log10 without. Bin composters were constructed using ~ 2200 kg feedlot manure and repeated in 2017 and 2018. PMCA results showed that seeding activity of PrPBSE was reduced by 1–2 log10 in the centre, but only by 1 log10 in the bottom of bin composters. Subsequent assessment by transgenic (Tgbov XV) mouse bioassay confirmed a similar reduction in PrPBSE infectivity. Enrichment for proteolytic microorganisms through the addition of feathers to compost could enhance PrPBSE degradation. In addition to temperature, other factors including varying concentrations of PrPBSE and the nature of proteolytic microbial populations may be responsible for differential degradation of PrPBSE during composting.

Snip…

Previously, our research group used protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to confirm a reduction of PrPTSE seeding activity with 2 log10 in hamster 263K prions (PrP263K) and 3 log10 in CWD prions (PrPCWD) after 28 days in lab-scale composters18. In this same study, we also measured a 4.8 log10 reduction in PrP263K infectivity based on hamster bioassays after 230 days of field-scale composting. In this study, we (1) assessed the biodegradation of PrPBSE in lab-scale composters using PMCA and (2) in large bin composters in containment to estimate the degradation of PrPBSE using PMCA and an infectivity bioassay. The compost bin model was subjected to multiple heating cycles to generate a thermophilic composting period that was similar to our previous field-scale studies18 which resulted in a 4.8 log10 reduction in PrP263K infectivity.

Snip…

In general, thermophilic composting (i.e., temperature ≥55°C) has a hierarchy of essential factors that facilitate the biodegradation of waste materials and inactivation of pathogens. In this study, we successfully stimulated thermophilic temperature profiles that were similar to that observed during field-scale composting18. However, our composting model in biocontainment did not fully represent the field scale composting systems that could be used for the disposal of SRM or cattle carcasses. In containment, ~2 tonnes of feedlot manure were used over 120 days of composting, resulting in a ~1 to 2 log10 PrPBSE infectivity reduction. In contrast, in our field scale model18, ~100 tonnes of feedlot manure with 16 cattle carcasses were composted over 230 days resulting in a 4.8 log10 reduction in PrP263K infectivity. As a logical extrapolation, a longer composting duration and greater volume of biomass in the field-scale composters would likely enhance PrPBSE degradation. As a 4.8 log10 reduction of PrP263K infectivity was observed in the field-scale composters18, it would be surprising if inactivation of PrPBSE was not further enhanced in field-scale composting. In addition, Belondrade et al.65,66 demonstrated that commercial chemicals fully efficient on sterilization of PrP263K were inefficient for the inactivation of variant PrPCJD, suggesting PrP263K might not be a suitable model to validate the prion resistance to inactivation. Consequently, further investigation of PrPBSE degradation in field-scale composting is needed.

Previous studies documented the more recalcitrant nature of PrPBSE than other TSE agents. After exposure to acidic SDS, PrPBSE was 10 and 10 million fold more resistant to inactivation than PrPCJD and hamster PrPSc, respectively, as assessed by infectivity titration in transgenic mice64. Langeveld et al.67 also reported PrPBSE to be more resistant to wet heat conditions at 115°C than PrP263K and PrPCWD as measured by transgenic mouse bioassay. Our PMCA results suggested that 28 days of lab-scale composting resulted in a reduction of PrPTSE seeding capacity with ~ 2 log10 in PrP263K and ~ 3 log10 in PrPCWD in a previous study18 and ~ 3 log10 in PrPBSE in the current study. Different from chemical treatment of prion inactivation, compost is an exceedingly complex biological system, owning to changing temperatures and pH, and dynamic changes in microbial communities and the enzymes they produce during composting. Once PrPTSE enter the compost environment, a wide variety of physicochemical and microbiological processes can impact PrPTSE infectivity and seeding capacity. These uncontrolled factors might help to account for the variable inactivation observed in our PrPTSE composting studies. While this variability calls into question the utility of our composters for complete PrPTSE inactivation, it is encouraging that when our compost conditions were optimal, 28 days of composting effectively destructed PrPBSE replication capacity in vitro by 3 log10 (i.e., at least 99.9%). Currently, the Canadian government68 enacted a regulation on the limited use of composting for disposal of SRM under a temporary permit. It also requires a 5-year respite from cattle access to pasture or grazing land amended with SRM compost and from direct human consumption of annual crops produced from SRM compost amended field69. A recent study from UK7 reported that the same amount of PrPBSE infectivity remained in both clay and sandy soil over a 5-year period. Our studies suggests that the maximum PrPBSE degradation (up to 3–4 log10) can achieve in the lab-scale composters with the addition of feathers. Therefore, composting of BSE infected-SRM prior to subsequent land application could be an effective approach to reduce the risk of high titer PrPBSE persisting in the environment.

Conclusions

In this study, we successfully quantified PrPBSE degradation using PMCA and bioassay in two-scale composting systems. After 28 days, ~ 3 log10 reduction of PrPBSE seeding activity was observed in lab-scale composters. Addition of chicken feathers to the compost enhanced PrPBSE degradation, likely as a result of enrichment for keratinolytic bacteria. After 106–120 days, both BSE associated seeding activity and infectivity were reduced by 1–2 log10 in the centre, but only by 1 log10 at the bottom of bin composters. This suggests that placement of SRM in the centre of compost piles would be more amendable for the biodegradation of PrPBSE. Current CFIA policy on SRM destruction methods require at least 5 log10 reduction of PrPBSE to approve composting for disposal of BSE positive SRM. Our field-scale composting study18 demonstrated that 230 days of composting resulted in a 4.8 log10 inactivation in hamster PrP263K infectivity. However, PrP263K might be not a suitable surrogate model to validate the PrPBSE resistance in compost. The outcomes generated from this study did not meet this criteria, but do lay the foundational work needed to further optimize the degradation of PrPBSE in compost. Spatial variability in microbial activity within static compost piles makes it unlikely that the procedure will ever achieve the 5 log10 reduction in PrPBSE required for full regulatory approval as a disposal method of SRM.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26201-2

The abandoned UK factory left to rot after disease-ravaged cows were destroyed there

By ZAK GARNER-PURKIS, Investigations Editor

04:00, Sun, Jun 2, 2024

https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1905418/abandoned-meat-plant-role-scandal

SUNDAY, MARCH 19, 2023

Abandoned factory ‘undoubtedly’ contains dormant Mad Cow Disease that could threaten humans, Thruxted Mill, Queniborough CJD

https://bseinquiry.blogspot.com/2023/03/abandoned-factory-undoubtedly-contains.html

TPWD Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Detection and Response Rules – Recommended Adoption of New Surveillance Zones August 22, 2024

TPWD Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Detection and Response Rules – Recommended Adoption of New Surveillance Zones August 22, 2024

Commission Agenda Item 4

August 22, 2024

Item Type: Action

Presenter: Ben Olsen

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) Detection and Response Rules – Recommended Adoption of New Surveillance Zones

I. Executive Summary:

Staff seeks adoption of a proposed amendment to rules governing chronic wasting disease (CWD) detection, response, and management. The proposed amendment would create new CWD Surveillance Zones (SZ) in portions of Real, Edwards, Zavala, Trinity, and Sutton counties in response to the detection of CWD in additional deer breeding facilities.

II. Discussion:

In March, April, and June of 2024, the department received confirmation that CWD is present in five additional deer breeding facilities. In accordance with TPWD’s Standard Operating Procedure regarding scenarios in which CWD is detected in a breeding facility but not on any associated release sites, staff recommends the creation of an SZ around each positive facility pending further developments, as listed in Exhibit A.

At the Commission Work Session meeting on May 22, 2024, staff was authorized to publish the proposed amendment in the Texas Register for public comment. The proposed amendment appeared in the July 19, 2024, issue of the Texas Register (49 TexReg 5334). A summary of public comment on the proposed amendment will be presented at the time of the meeting.

III. Recommendation:

Staff recommends that the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission adopt the following motion:

“The Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission adopts an amendment to 31 Texas Administrative Code §65.82, concerning Disease Detection and Response, as listed in Exhibit A, with changes as necessary to the proposed text as published in the July 19, 2024, issue of the Texas Register (49 TexReg 5334).”

Attachment – 1

Exhibit A – Disease Detection and Response Rules

Exhibit A – Commission Agenda Item No. 4

DISEASE DETECTION AND RESPONSE RULES

CWD SURVEILLANCE ZONES

PROPOSAL PREAMBLE

1. Introduction.

 The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department proposes an amendment to 31 TAC §65.82, concerning Disease Detection and Response. The proposed amendment would establish five new Surveillance Zones (SZs) in response to the continued detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer breeding facilities.

 The proposed amendment would implement heightened surveillance efforts in the affected areas as part of the agency’s effort to manage chronic wasting disease (CWD).

 CWD is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects some cervid species, including white-tailed deer, mule deer, elk, red deer, sika, and their hybrids (referred to collectively as susceptible species). It is classified as a TSE (transmissible spongiform encephalopathy), a family of diseases that includes scrapie (found in sheep), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, found in cattle and commonly known as “Mad Cow Disease”), and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) in humans.

 Much remains unknown about CWD, although robust efforts to increase knowledge are underway in many states and countries. The peculiarities of its transmission (how it is passed from animal to animal), infection rate (the frequency of occurrence through time or other comparative standard), incubation period (the time from exposure to clinical manifestation), and potential for transmission to other species are still being investigated. Currently, scientific evidence suggests that CWD has zoonotic potential; however, no confirmed cases of CWD have been found in humans. Consequently, both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization strongly recommend testing animals taken in areas where CWD exists, and if positive, recommend not consuming the meat. What is known is that CWD is invariably fatal to certain species of cervids (including white-tailed and mule deer) and is transmitted both directly (through animal-to-animal contact) and indirectly (through environmental contamination). If CWD is not contained and controlled, the implications of the disease for Texas and its multi-billion-dollar ranching, hunting, wildlife management, and real estate economies could be significant.

 The department has engaged in several rulemakings over the years to address the threat posed by CWD, including rules to designate a system of zones in areas where CWD has been confirmed. The purpose of those CWD zones is to determine the geographic extent and prevalence of the disease while containing it by limiting the unnatural movement of live CWD-susceptible species as well as the movement of carcass parts.

 The department’s response to the emergence of CWD in captive and free-ranging populations is guided by the department’s CWD Management Plan (Plan) https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/plan.phtml. Developed in 2012 in consultation with the Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC), other governmental entities and conservation organizations, and various advisory groups consisting of landowners, hunters, deer managers, veterinarians, and epidemiologists, the Plan sets forth the department’s CWD management strategies and informs regulatory responses to the detection of the disease in captive and free-ranging cervid populations in the State of Texas. The Plan is intended to be dynamic; in fact, it must be so in order to accommodate the growing understanding of the etiology, pathology, and epidemiology of the disease and the potential management pathways that emerge as it becomes better understood through time. The Plan proceeds from the premise that disease surveillance and active management of CWD once it is detected are critical to containing it on the landscape.

 When CWD is detected in a deer breeding facility, a SZ is created, consisting of the area within a two-mile radius around the deer breeding facility (the physical facility, not the boundaries of the property where the facility is located), within which the department implements heightened sampling efforts in an effort to quickly determine the prevalence and spread of CWD, if it exists, surrounding the facility where it has been discovered.

 On March 11, 2024, the department received confirmation of CWD in a 10.5-year-old female deer in a deer breeding facility in Real County. On April 5, 2024, the department received confirmation of CWD in two 2.6-year-old female deer in a deer breeding facility in Edwards County (the department notes that both deer had tested negative via ante-mortem test one year earlier, which illustrates why ante-mortem testing, at this point in time, cannot be used as a definitive test for individual animals). On April 11, 2024, the department received confirmation of CWD in a 2.6-year-old male deer in a deer breeding facility in Zavala County. On June 7, 2024, the department received confirmation of CWD in a 2.9-year-old female deer in a deer breeding facility in Trinity County. On June 26, 2024, the department received confirmation of CWD in a 1.9-year-old female deer in a deer breeding facility in Sutton County. In response to these detections, per department policy, the proposed amendment would create new SZs in Real, Edwards, Zavala, Trinity, and Sutton counties, to consist of a two-mile radius around each positive facility.

 NOTE: Regulation of CWD response and surveillance efforts within deer breeding facilities is not the subject of this rulemaking; the rules governing CWD response and surveillance within deer breeding facilities are located in Division 2 of this subchapter and are not affected or implicated by this rulemaking.

2. Fiscal Note.

 Robert Macdonald, Regulations Coordinator, has determined that for each of the first five years that the rule as proposed are in effect, there will be no fiscal implications to state and local governments as a result of enforcing or administering the rule as proposed, as department personnel currently allocated to the administration and enforcement of disease management activities will administer and enforce the rules as part of their current job duties.

3. Public Benefit/Cost Note.

 Mr. Macdonald also has determined that for each of the first five years the amendment as proposed is in effect:

 (A) The public benefit anticipated as a result of enforcing or administering the rule as proposed will be a reduction of the probability of CWD being spread from locations where it might exist and an increase in the probability of detecting CWD if it does exist, thus ensuring the public of continued enjoyment of the resource and also ensuring the continued beneficial economic impacts of hunting in Texas.

 (B) There could be adverse economic impact to persons required to comply with the rules as proposed. Persons who harvest deer within a SZ where mandatory testing requirements are in effect (which would be the case in all four proposed new SZs) are required to preserve and present the heads of harvested animals to the department for CWD testing (testing costs are borne by the department). Therefore, persons who harvest a deer within a SZ would incur the cost of transporting the head to a department-designated check station, unless a tissue sample is removed at the site of harvest by a TAHC-certified CWD sample collector (training and certification are free) or the department has approved an alternative arrangement in writing. The department estimates the cost of compliance to be less than $50, which represents the maximum fuel cost to travel 100 miles round-trip averaging 20 miles per gallon fuel efficiency at the current per-gallon gasoline average cost in Texas of $3.10.

 (C) Under the provisions of Government Code, Chapter 2006, a state agency must prepare an economic impact statement and a regulatory flexibility analysis for a rule that may have an adverse economic effect on small businesses, micro-businesses, and rural communities. As required by Government Code, §2006.002(g), in April 2008, the Office of the Attorney General issued guidelines to assist state agencies in determining a proposed rule’s potential adverse economic impact on small businesses. Those guidelines state that an agency need only consider a proposed rule’s "direct adverse economic impacts" to small businesses and micro-businesses to determine if any further analysis is required. For that purpose, the department considers "direct economic impact" to mean a requirement that would directly impose recordkeeping or reporting requirements; impose taxes or fees; result in lost sales or profits; adversely affect market competition; or require the purchase or modification of equipment or services.

 The department has determined that because the proposed rule does not directly or indirectly regulate any small business, microbusiness or rural community, neither the economic impact statement nor the regulatory flexibility analysis required under Government Code, Chapter 2006, is not required.

 (D) The department has not drafted a local employment impact statement under the Administrative Procedures Act, §2001.022, as the agency has determined that the rule as proposed will not result in direct impacts to local economies.

 (E) The department has determined that Government Code, §2001.0225 (Regulatory Analysis of Major Environmental Rules), does not apply to the proposed rule.

 (F) The department has determined that there will not be a taking of private real property, as defined by Government Code, Chapter 2007, as a result of the proposed rules. Any impacts resulting from the discovery of CWD in or near private real property would be the result of the discovery of CWD and not the proposed rule.

 (G) In compliance with the requirements of Government Code, §2001.0221, the department has prepared the following Government Growth Impact Statement (GGIS). The rules as proposed, if adopted, will:

 (1) neither create nor eliminate a government program;

 (2) not result in an increase or decrease in the number of full-time equivalent employee needs;

 (3) not result in a need for additional General Revenue funding;

 (4) not affect the amount of any fee;

 (5) create a new regulation;

 (6) will not limit or repeal an existing regulation, but will expand an existing regulation (by adding new SZs);

 (7) not increase the number of individuals subject to regulation; and

 (8) not positively or adversely affect the state’s economy.

4. Request for Public Comment.

 Comments on the proposed rule may be submitted to Dr. Hunter Reed, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4200 Smith School Road, Austin, Texas, 78744; (830) 890-1230 (email: jhunter.reed@tpwd.texas.gov); or via the department’s website at www.tpwd.texas.gov.

5. Statutory Authority.

 The amendment is proposed under the authority of Parks and Wildlife Code, §42.0177, 42.0177, which authorizes the commission to modify or eliminate the tagging, carcass, final destination, or final processing requirements or provisions of §§42.001, 42.018, 42.0185, 42.019, or 42.020, or other similar requirements or provisions in Chapter 42; Chapter 43, Subchapter L, which authorizes the commission to make regulations governing the possession, transfer, purchase, sale, of breeder deer held under the authority of the subchapter; and §61.021, which provides that no person may possess a game animal at any time or in any place except as permitted under a proclamation of the commission.

 The proposed amendment affects Parks and Wildlife Code, Chapter 42, Chapter 43, Subchapter L, Chapter 61.

6. Rule Text.

 §65.82. Surveillance Zones; Restrictions. The areas described in paragraph (1) of this section are SZs and the provisions of this subchapter applicable within the described areas.

 (1) Surveillance Zones.

 (A) – (W) (No change.)

 (X) Surveillance Zone 27. Surveillance Zone 27 is that portion of Real County lying within the area described by the following latitude/longitude pairs:…

Snip…see full text;

https://tpwd.texas.gov/business/feedback/meetings/2024/0822/agenda/item.phtml?item=4

PLEASE NOTE, TPWD CWD TRACKING PAGE HAS BEEN STUCK ON 795 POSITIVE CWD CASES FOR SOME TIME AGAIN, AND IS WOEFULLY OUTDATED!

Texas TAHC TPWD Confirm 132 More Cases of CWD TSE PrP

Jumps from 663 in March, to 795 Positive In May 2024, wow!

https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/positive-cases/listing-cwd-cases-texas.phtml#texasCWD

Texas CWD TSE Prion Jumps To 795 Positive To Date

Listing of CWD Cases in Texas

Show entries

Positive Number CWD Positive Confirmation Date Free Range Captive County Source Species Sex Age

795 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 2.9

794 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 2.9

793 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 2.9

792 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 4.8

791 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 6.8

790 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 3.8

789 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 1.8

788 2024-05-16 White-tailed Deer Hunt Facility #9 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.9

787 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 4.7

786 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

785 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 4.7

784 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

783 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

782 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 1.7

781 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

780 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

779 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

778 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 3.7

777 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Frio Facility #21 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer M 2.7

776 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Zavala Facility #17 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 8.8

775 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Zavala Facility #17 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 2.8

774 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Zavala Facility #17 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 2.8

773 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Zavala Facility #17 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 6.8

772 2024-05-01 White-tailed Deer Zavala Facility #17 White-tailed Deer - Breeder Deer F 14.8

Showing 1 to 24 of 795 entries

*CWD Positive Confirmation Dates marked with * are dates confirmed by Texas A&M Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory rather than the National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.

https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/positive-cases/listing-cwd-cases-texas.phtml#texasCWD

Texas CWD Surveillance Positives (cwd totals confirmed at 663 is outdated)

https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/diseases/cwd/positive-cases/listing-cwd-cases-texas.phtml#texasCWD

Counties where CWD Exposed Deer were Released

https://tpwd.texas.gov/documents/257/CWD-Trace-OutReleaseSites.pdf

Number of CWD Exposed Deer Released by County

https://tpwd.texas.gov/documents/258/CWD-Trace-OutReleaseSites-NbrDeer.pdf

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Captive Herds updated April 2023

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/cervid/cervids-cwd/cervids-voluntary-hcp

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Captive Herds updated April 2023

https://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/cwd/downloads/status-of-captive-herds.pdf

Distribution of CWD in North America MAP

https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/distribution-chronic-wasting-disease-north-america-0