John Weiss: With every test passed, CWD zone is no more
CWD testing.jpg Post-Bulletin file photo
Allison Hartman, a University of Minnesota veterinarian student, removes
samples from a buck in 2011 at the Greenway Station in Pine Island. After three
years and about 5,000 tests for chronic wasting disease, no animals were found
with the disease — other than the doe that prompted the testing program.
Buy this photo
Posted: Thursday, January 9, 2014 7:43 am | Updated: 7:43 am, Thu Jan 9,
2014.
John Weiss, weiss@postbulletin
All clear.
That's the final word from the so-called "CWD Zone" around Pine Island.
Michelle Carstensen was ecstatic Tuesday when she learned none of the 979
deer tested during the 2013 season had tested positive for chronic wasting
disease. "All negative, baby. Woo-hoo!", said the Department of Natural
Resources wildlife health program director. "Our work down there has come to a
conclusion — and a successful one."
Results from the last nine deer came in this week. With negative tests from
about 5,000 deer since the winter of 2011, there's a better than 99 percent
confidence that CWD is not in more than one half of 1 percent of the deer herd
in the special zone around Pine Island.
What does this mean?
• It means the special 602 zone, which was in effect for the 2011, 2012 and
2013 hunting seasons, is history. The area will go back to its normal zones this
fall.
• It will mean the deer feeding ban, put into effect three years ago,
expires March 1 for Dodge, Olmsted, Goodhue and Wabasha counties.
• And it means she and other DNR wildlife officials will be able to
concentrate on other things besides CWD this fall.
But it doesn't mean the DNR will stop keeping an eye out for the disease
that is always fatal to deer, said Don Nelson, area DNR wildlife supervisor in
Rochester. The DNR will continue checking any deer acting strangely or having
any indication of CWD. With Wisconsin and its heavy CWD infestations so close,
Minnesota can never let down its guard, he said.
"We're not out of the woods yet," he said.
The DNR began an intensive look for CWD after an old doe shot by a bow
hunter in late 2010 near Pine Island was tested in early 2011 and found to have
CWD. That winter, landowners and those they allowed on their land were allowed
and encouraged to shoot deer so they could be tested; any deer killed by a
vehicle in the large zone that centered around Pine Island was also tested.
In the next three hunting seasons, the DNR established a special zone that
allowed hunters to take many deer. This allowed the DNR to test more animals —
and to cull the herd, thus reducing the chances of any more being infected by
contact with an infected deer. All feeding of deer was banned so deer wouldn't
concentrate.
If a deer had tested positive and the DNR had to keep up its intensive
testing programs, the region could be at risk for "CWD fatigue" similar to what
is settling into Wisconsin, Carstensen said. In that state, hunters are pretty
much ignoring CWD and any testing. It's now just a fact of life.
All the testing was a headache for hunters who couldn't take a deer out of
the zone until it was tested, Nelson said. Highway departments couldn't pick up
road-killed deer because they couldn't be taken out of the zone.
It was also a headache for the DNR, which spent more than $1 million on
overtime and other work, Carstensen said. The department has spent nearly $6
million statewide in similar work since 2002 when it did the first surveillance
for CWD near a captive elk herd in Aitkin. Bovine tuberculosis found in deer and
cattle in northwestern Minnesota also required a big chunk of DNR resources, she
said.
Now, for the first time in more than a decade, the DNR doesn't have an
active testing area for CWD or bovine TB. "I welcome the break," said said. "I
feel good about it."
Nelson said hunters knocked down the herd in the area maybe by 20 percent,
but it will recover quickly. "We have learned those deer are pretty productive
down here," he said.
One good thing about the CWD testing is that it was a good model in case
something similar has to be done again, Nelson said. Cooperation of landowners,
hunters and the general public "was just incredible," Nelson said. "We didn't
know how the public would react."
When it offered special shooting permits in early 2011, the DNR expected
maybe 10 or 20 would ask for them. It gave out more than 300 permits. Businesses
at the five check-in stations let the DNR set up places to work and sample, he
said.
Of course, people are still asking and wondering: Where did that one deer
get the disease? Where did the deer come from? It did appear on a trail camera
earlier in the year, so it wasn't just released, and it wasn't a recent arrival
The doe was unusually old, but there was no indication it was from a
captive herd, Carstensen said. But CWD doesn't occur spontaneously. "I don't
think it came out of the sky," she said.
Not finding another case "is extremely unusual," Nelson agreed. "The odds
of probability don't favor that we sampled the only deer that was infected with
CWD. It just doesn't make sense that we got it all."
Reporter John Weiss has covered the outdoors for the Post-Bulletin for more
than 37 years. If you have a comment or story idea, call John at 507-285-7749.
Greetings Mr. Weiss, Minnesota hunters et al,
>>> Minnesota John Weiss: With every test passed, CWD zone is no
more. All Clear.
wishful thinking Sir, wishful thinking.
I wish to kindly submit the following science on the TSE prion CWD disease
;
• It means the special 602 zone, which was in effect for the 2011, 2012 and
2013 hunting seasons, is history. The area will go back to its normal zones this
fall. ???
• It will mean the deer feeding ban, put into effect three years ago,
expires March 1 for Dodge, Olmsted, Goodhue and Wabasha counties.
SO, 3 years and the all clear sign is given i.e. ‘’CWD ZONE NO MORE’’, even
though the infectious TSE prion can persist in the environment for at least 16
years ???
PLEASE SEE ;
Infectious agent of sheep scrapie may persist in the environment for at
least 16 years
Gudmundur Georgsson1, Sigurdur Sigurdarson2 and Paul Brown3
+ Author Affiliations 1Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of
Iceland, Keldur v/vesturlandsveg, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland 2Laboratory of the
Chief Veterinary Officer, Keldur, Iceland 3Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Correspondence Gudmundur Georgsson ggeorgs@hi.is Received 7 March 2006. Accepted
6 August 2006.
Abstract
In 1978, a rigorous programme was implemented to stop the spread of, and
subsequently eradicate, sheep scrapie in Iceland. Affected flocks were culled,
premises were disinfected and, after 2–3 years, restocked with lambs from
scrapie-free areas. Between 1978 and 2004, scrapie recurred on 33 farms. Nine of
these recurrences occurred 14–21 years after culling, apparently as the result
of environmental contamination, but outside entry could not always be absolutely
excluded. Of special interest was one farm with a small, completely
self-contained flock where scrapie recurred 18 years after culling, 2 years
after some lambs had been housed in an old sheep-house that had never been
disinfected. Epidemiological investigation established with near certitude that
the disease had not been introduced from the outside and it is concluded that
the agent may have persisted in the old sheep-house for at least 16 years.
snip...see full text ;
PO-248: TSE infectivity survives burial for five years with little
reduction in titer
Allister Smith, Robert Somerville, Karen Fernie The Roslin Institute and
R(D)SVS; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh, UK
BSE infected animals, BSE-contaminated materials and other sources of TSE
(prion) infection, such as carcasses from scrapie infected sheep, CWD infected
deer and cadavers of individuals infected with CJD may all end up in the
environment through burial or other methods of disposal. They may continue to
act as a reservoir of TSE infectivity if cattle or other susceptible animals
were to be exposed to these sources in the future. In order to address these
concerns, we performed two large scale demonstration experiments under field
conditions which were designed to mimic some of the ways by which TSE infected
materials may have been disposed of. The project examined the fate of TSE
infectivity over a period of five years in two scenarios; when the infectivity
was contained within bovine heads and when the infectivity was buried without
any containment. Two soil types were compared: a sandy loam and a clay loam. We
used the 301V TSE strain which was derived by serial passage of BSE in VM mice.
TSE infectivity was recovered from all the heads exhumed annually for five
years from both types of soil, with little reduction in the amount of
infectivity throughout the period of the experiment. Small amounts of
infectivity were found in the soil immediately surrounding the heads, but not in
samples remote from them. Similarly there was no evidence of significant lateral
movement of infectivity from the buried bolus. However large amounts of TSE
infectivity were recovered at the site of burial of both boluses. There was
limited vertical upward movement of infectivity from the bolus buried in clay
soil and downward movement from the bolus buried in sandy soil.
Now that these experiments are completed we conclude that TSE infectivity
is likely to survive burial for long periods of time with minimal loss of
infectivity and restricted movement from the site of burial. These experiments
emphasize that the environment is a viable reservoir for retaining large
quantities of TSE infectivity, and reinforce the importance of risk assessment
when disposing of this type of infectious material.
see more about soil content and CWD here ;
In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil
and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a
bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are
present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with
CWD prion.
please remember ;
Inactivation of the TSE Prion disease
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD, and other TSE prion disease, these TSE prions
know no borders.
these TSE prions know no age restrictions.
The TSE prion disease survives ashing to 600 degrees celsius, that’s around
1112 degrees farenheit.
you cannot cook the TSE prion disease out of meat.
you can take the ash and mix it with saline and inject that ash into a
mouse, and the mouse will go down with TSE.
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production as well.
the TSE prion agent also survives Simulated Wastewater Treatment Processes.
IN fact, you should also know that the TSE Prion agent will survive in the
environment for years, if not decades.
you can bury it and it will not go away.
The TSE agent is capable of infected your water table i.e. Detection of
protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area.
it’s not your ordinary pathogen you can just cook it out and be done with.
that’s what’s so worrisome about Iatrogenic mode of transmission, a simple
autoclave will not kill this TSE prion agent.
New studies on the heat resistance of hamster-adapted scrapie agent:
Threshold survival after ashing at 600°C suggests an inorganic template of
replication
The infectious agents responsible for transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy (TSE) are notoriously resistant to most physical and chemical
methods used for inactivating pathogens, including heat. It has long been
recognized, for example, that boiling is ineffective and that higher
temperatures are most efficient when combined with steam under pressure (i.e.,
autoclaving). As a means of decontamination, dry heat is used only at the
extremely high temperatures achieved during incineration, usually in excess of
600°C. It has been assumed, without proof, that incineration totally inactivates
the agents of TSE, whether of human or animal origin.
Prion Infected Meat-and-Bone Meal Is Still Infectious after Biodiesel
Production
Histochemical analysis of hamster brains inoculated with the solid residue
showed typical spongiform degeneration and vacuolation. Re-inoculation of these
brains into a new cohort of hamsters led to onset of clinical scrapie symptoms
within 75 days, suggesting that the specific infectivity of the prion protein
was not changed during the biodiesel process. The biodiesel reaction cannot be
considered a viable prion decontamination method for MBM, although we observed
increased survival time of hamsters and reduced infectivity greater than 6 log
orders in the solid MBM residue. Furthermore, results from our study compare for
the first time prion detection by Western Blot versus an infectivity bioassay
for analysis of biodiesel reaction products. We could show that biochemical
analysis alone is insufficient for detection of prion infectivity after a
biodiesel process.
Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a
CWD-endemic area
The data presented here demonstrate that sPMCA can detect low levels of
PrPCWD in the environment, corroborate previous biological and experimental data
suggesting long term persistence of prions in the environment2,3 and imply that
PrPCWD accumulation over time may contribute to transmission of CWD in areas
where it has been endemic for decades. This work demonstrates the utility of
sPMCA to evaluate other environmental water sources for PrPCWD, including
smaller bodies of water such as vernal pools and wallows, where large numbers of
cervids congregate and into which prions from infected animals may be shed and
concentrated to infectious levels.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Amount of Prion Diverted to Category 1
Materials and Wastewater During Processing
Keywords:Abattoir;bovine spongiform encephalopathy;QRA;scrapie;TSE
In this article the development and parameterization of a quantitative
assessment is described that estimates the amount of TSE infectivity that is
present in a whole animal carcass (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [BSE] for
cattle and classical/atypical scrapie for sheep and lambs) and the amounts that
subsequently fall to the floor during processing at facilities that handle
specified risk material (SRM). BSE in cattle was found to contain the most oral
doses, with a mean of 9864 BO ID50s (310, 38840) in a whole carcass compared to
a mean of 1851 OO ID50s (600, 4070) and 614 OO ID50s (155, 1509) for a sheep
infected with classical and atypical scrapie, respectively. Lambs contained the
least infectivity with a mean of 251 OO ID50s (83, 548) for classical scrapie
and 1 OO ID50s (0.2, 2) for atypical scrapie. The highest amounts of infectivity
falling to the floor and entering the drains from slaughtering a whole carcass
at SRM facilities were found to be from cattle infected with BSE at rendering
and large incineration facilities with 7.4 BO ID50s (0.1, 29), intermediate
plants and small incinerators with a mean of 4.5 BO ID50s (0.1, 18), and
collection centers, 3.6 BO ID50s (0.1, 14). The lowest amounts entering drains
are from lambs infected with classical and atypical scrapie at intermediate
plants and atypical scrapie at collection centers with a mean of 3 × 10−7 OO
ID50s (2 × 10−8, 1 × 10−6) per carcass. The results of this model provide key
inputs for the model in the companion paper published here.
PPo4-4:
Survival and Limited Spread of TSE Infectivity after Burial
Karen Fernie, Allister Smith and Robert A. Somerville The Roslin Institute
and R(D)SVS; University of Edinburgh; Roslin, Scotland UK
Scrapie and chronic wasting disease probably spread via environmental
routes, and there are also concerns about BSE infection remaining in the
environment after carcass burial or waste 3disposal. In two demonstration
experiments we are determining survival and migration of TSE infectivity when
buried for up to five years, as an uncontained point source or within bovine
heads. Firstly boluses of TSE infected mouse brain were buried in lysimeters
containing either sandy or clay soil. Migration from the boluses is being
assessed from soil cores taken over time. With the exception of a very small
amount of infectivity found 25 cm from the bolus in sandy soil after 12 months,
no other infectivity has been detected up to three years. Secondly, ten bovine
heads were spiked with TSE infected mouse brain and buried in the two soil
types. Pairs of heads have been exhumed annually and assessed for infectivity
within and around them. After one year and after two years, infectivity was
detected in most intracranial samples and in some of the soil samples taken from
immediately surrounding the heads. The infectivity assays for the samples in and
around the heads exhumed at years three and four are underway. These data show
that TSE infectivity can survive burial for long periods but migrates slowly.
Risk assessments should take into account the likely long survival rate when
infected material has been buried.
The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from DEFRA.
PPo3-22:
Detection of Environmentally Associated PrPSc on a Farm with Endemic
Scrapie
Ben C. Maddison,1 Claire A. Baker,1 Helen C. Rees,1 Linda A. Terry,2 Leigh
Thorne,2 Susan J. Belworthy2 and Kevin C. Gough3 1ADAS-UK LTD; Department of
Biology; University of Leicester; Leicester, UK; 2Veterinary Laboratories
Agency; Surry, KT UK; 3Department of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University
of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington, Loughborough UK
Key words: scrapie, evironmental persistence, sPMCA
Ovine scrapie shows considerable horizontal transmission, yet the routes of
transmission and specifically the role of fomites in transmission remain poorly
defined. Here we present biochemical data demonstrating that on a
scrapie-affected sheep farm, scrapie prion contamination is widespread. It was
anticipated at the outset that if prions contaminate the environment that they
would be there at extremely low levels, as such the most sensitive method
available for the detection of PrPSc, serial Protein Misfolding Cyclic
Amplification (sPMCA), was used in this study. We investigated the distribution
of environmental scrapie prions by applying ovine sPMCA to samples taken from a
range of surfaces that were accessible to animals and could be collected by use
of a wetted foam swab. Prion was amplified by sPMCA from a number of these
environmental swab samples including those taken from metal, plastic and wooden
surfaces, both in the indoor and outdoor environment. At the time of sampling
there had been no sheep contact with these areas for at least 20 days prior to
sampling indicating that prions persist for at least this duration in the
environment. These data implicate inanimate objects as environmental reservoirs
of prion infectivity which are likely to contribute to disease transmission.
Wednesday, July 10, 2013
Rapid assessment of bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion inactivation by
heat treatment in yellow grease produced in the industrial manufacturing process
of meat and bone meals
BMC Veterinary Research 2013, 9:134 doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-134
Friday, February 25, 2011
Soil clay content underlies prion infection odds Soil clay content
underlies prion infection odds
>>> Minnesota John Weiss: With every test passed, CWD zone is no
more. All Clear.
• It will mean the deer feeding ban, put into effect three years ago,
expires March 1 for Dodge, Olmsted, Goodhue and Wabasha counties.
SO, we are now going to go back to congregating cervids and other species
over tainted and infectious grounds, and feed them more animal protein ???
I urge you all to understand, animal protein is still allowed to be fed to
cervids. it is only a voluntary ban on cervids still in 2014. please see ;
Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; CVM
Updates on Deer and Elk Withdrawn FDA Veterinarian Newsletter July/August 2003
Volume XVIII, No 4
FDA has announced the availability of a draft guidance for industry
entitled “Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed.” This draft guidance
document (GFI #158), when finalized, will describe FDA’s current thinking
regarding the use in animal feed of material from deer and elk that are positive
for Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) or that are at high risk for CWD.
CWD is a neurological (brain) disease of farmed and wild deer and elk that
belong in the cervidae animal family (cervids). Only deer and elk are known to
be susceptible to CWD by natural transmission. The disease has been found in
farmed and wild mule deer, white-tailed deer, North American elk, and farmed
black-tailed deer. CWD belongs to a family of animal and human diseases called
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs are very rare, but are
always fatal.
This draft Level 1 guidance, when finalized, will represent the Agency’s
current thinking on the topic.
***It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does
not operate to bind FDA or the public.
An alternate method may be used as long as it satisfies the requirements of
applicable statutes and regulations.
Draft guidance #158 is posted on the FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine
Home Page. Single copies of the draft guidance may be obtained from the FDA
Veterinarian.
- - Page Last Updated: 04/16/2013
CONTAINS NON-BINDING RECOMMENDATIONS
158
Guidance for Industry
Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed
Comments and suggestions regarding the document should be submitted to
Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630
Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. Submit electronic comments to
http://www.regulations.gov. All comments
should be identified with the Docket No. 03D-0186.
For questions regarding this guidance, contact Burt Pritchett, Center for
Veterinary Medicine (HFV- 222), Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish
Place, Rockville, MD 20855, 240-453-6860, E-mail: burt.pritchett@fda.hhs.gov.
Additional copies of this guidance document may be requested from the
Communications Staff (HFV-12), Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug
Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, and may be viewed on
the Internet at
http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/GuidanceComplianceEnforcement/GuidanceforIndustry/default.htm.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine September 15,
2003
CONTAINS NON-BINDING RECOMMENDATIONS
158
Guidance for Industry1
Use of Material from Deer and Elk in Animal Feed
This guidance represents the Food and Drug Administration’s current
thinking on the use of material from deer and elk in animal feed. It does not
create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind
FDA or the public.
You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the
requirements of applicable statutes or regulations. If you want to discuss an
alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for implementing this
guidance. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the appropriate
number listed on the title page of this guidance.
I. Introduction
*** FDA’s guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish
legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the Agency’s
current thinking on a topic and should be viewed only as recommendations, unless
specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited. The use of the word
“should” in Agency guidances means that something is suggested or recommended,
but not required. ***
Under FDA’s BSE feed regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material from deer
and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. This guidance
document describes FDA’s recommendations regarding the use in all animal feed of
all material from deer and elk that are positive for Chronic Wasting Disease
(CWD) or are considered at high risk for CWD. The potential risks from CWD to
humans or non-cervid animals such as poultry and swine are not well understood.
However, because of recent recognition that CWD is spreading rapidly in
white-tailed deer, and because CWD’s route of transmission is poorly understood,
FDA is making recommendations regarding the use in animal feed of rendered
materials from deer and elk that are CWD-positive or that are at high risk for
CWD.
II. Background
CWD is a neurological (brain) disease of farmed and wild deer and elk that
belong in the animal family cervidae (cervids). Only deer and elk are known to
be susceptible to CWD by natural transmission. The disease has been found in
farmed and wild mule deer,
1 This guidance has been prepared by the Division of Animal Feeds in the
Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) at the Food and Drug Administration.
1
CONTAINS NON-BINDING RECOMMENDATIONS
2
white-tailed deer, North American elk, and in farmed black-tailed deer. CWD
belongs to a family of animal and human diseases called transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSEs). These include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or
“mad cow” disease) in cattle; scrapie in sheep and goats; and classical and
variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases (CJD and vCJD) in humans. There is no known
treatment for these diseases, and there is no vaccine to prevent them. In
addition, although validated postmortem diagnostic tests are available, there
are no validated diagnostic tests for CWD that can be used to test for the
disease in live animals.
===========================================
*******************************************
===========================================
III.
Use in animal feed of material from CWD-positive deer and elk
Material from CWD-positive animals may not be used in any animal feed or
feed ingredients. Pursuant to Sec. 402(a)(5) of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act, animal feed and feed ingredients containing material from a
CWD-positive animal would be considered adulterated. FDA recommends that any
such adulterated feed or feed ingredients be recalled or otherwise removed from
the marketplace.
IV.
Use in animal feed of material from deer and elk considered at high risk
for CWD
Deer and elk considered at high risk for CWD include:
(1) animals from areas declared by State officials to be endemic for CWD
and/or to be CWD eradication zones; and
(2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period immediately
before the time of slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a
CWD-positive animal.
FDA recommends that materials from deer and elk considered at high risk for
CWD no longer be entered into the animal feed system. Under present
circumstances, FDA is not recommending that feed made from deer and elk from a
non-endemic area be recalled if a State later declares the area endemic for CWD
or a CWD eradication zone. In addition, at this time, FDA is not recommending
that feed made from deer and elk believed to be from a captive herd that
contained no CWD-positive animals be recalled if that herd is subsequently found
to contain a CWD-positive animal.
V. Use in animal feed of material from deer and elk NOT considered at high
risk for CWD
FDA continues to consider materials from deer and elk NOT considered at
high risk for CWD to be acceptable for use in NON-RUMINANT animal feeds in
accordance with current agency regulations, 21 CFR 589.2000.
Deer and elk not considered at high risk include:
(1) deer and elk from areas not declared by State officials to be endemic
for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones; and
(2) deer and elk that were not at some time during the 60-month period
immediately before the time of slaughter in a captive herd that contained a
CWD-positive animal.
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material
From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 –0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov
Greetings FDA,
i would kindly like to comment on; Docket 03D-0186FDA Issues Draft Guidance
on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability Several
factors on this apparent voluntary proposal disturbs me greatly, please allow me
to point them out;
Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease
PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus )
Christina J. Sigurdson1, Elizabeth S. Williams2, Michael W. Miller3, Terry
R. Spraker1,4, Katherine I. O’Rourke5 and Edward A. Hoover1
Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting
diseasePrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus ) These results indicate
that CWD PrP res can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the alimentary
tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and may
reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer. The rapid infection of
deer fawns following exposure by the most plausible natural route is consistent
with the efficient horizontal transmission of CWD in nature and enables
accelerated studies of transmission and pathogenesis in the native
species.
snip...
now, just what is in that mad deer feed? _ANIMAL PROTEIN_
Subject: MAD DEER/ELK DISEASE AND POTENTIAL SOURCES
Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 18:41:46 -0700 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: BSE-LTo: BSE-L
8420-20.5% Antler DeveloperFor Deer and Game in the wildGuaranteed Analysis
Ingredients / Products Feeding Directions
snip...
_animal protein_
snip...
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICESPUBLIC HEALTH SERVICEFOOD AND DRUG
ADMINISTRATIONApril 9, 2001 WARNING LETTER01-PHI-12CERTIFIED MAILRETURN RECEIPT
REQUESTED
Brian J. Raymond, Owner Sandy Lake Mills 26 Mill Street P.O. Box 117 Sandy
Lake, PA 16145
PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT
Tel: 215-597-4390
Dear Mr. Raymond:Food and Drug Administration Investigator Gregory E.
Beichner conducted an inspection of your animal feed manufacturing operation,
located in Sandy Lake, Pennsylvania, on March 23,2001, and determined that your
firm manufactures animal feeds including feeds containing prohibited materials.
The inspection found significant deviations from the requirements set forth in
Title 21, code of Federal Regulations, part 589.2000 - Animal Proteins
Prohibited in Ruminant Feed. The regulation is intended to prevent the
establishment and amplification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Such
deviations cause products being manufactured at this facility to be misbranded
within the meaning of Section 403(f), of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic
Act (the Act).Our investigation found failure to label your swine feed with the
required cautionary statement "Do Not Feed to cattleor other Ruminants" The FDA
suggests that the statement be distinguished by different type-size or color or
other means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a
purchaser.
In addition, we note that you are using approximately 140 pounds of cracked
corn to flush your mixer used in the manufacture of animal feeds containing
prohibited material. This flushed material is fed to wild game including deer, a
ruminant animal.Feed material which may potentially contain prohibited material
should not be fed to ruminant animals which may become part of the food
chain.The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations
fromthe regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animalfeed use,
you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products
you manufacture and distribute are in compliance withthe law. We have enclosed a
copy of FDA's Small Entity Compliance Guideto assist you with complying with the
regulation...
snip...end...full text ;
2003D-0186 Guidance for Industry: Use of Material From Deer and Elk In
Animal Feed
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
see my full text submission here ;
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Available online 26 November 2013
Impacts of wildlife baiting and supplemental feeding on infectious disease transmission risk: A synthesis of knowledge
Anja Sorensena, Floris M. van Beesta, b, Ryan K. Brooka, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author
a Department of Animal and Poultry Science & Indigenous Land Management Institute, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
b Department of Bioscience, Arctic Environment, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Abstract
Baiting and supplemental feeding of wildlife are widespread, yet highly controversial management practices, with important implications for ecosystems, livestock production, and potentially human health. An often underappreciated threat of such feeding practices is the potential to facilitate intra- and inter-specific disease transmission. We provide a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence of baiting and supplemental feeding on disease transmission risk in wildlife, with an emphasis on large herbivores in North America. While the objectives of supplemental feeding and baiting typically differ, the effects on disease transmission of these practices are largely the same. Both feeding and baiting provide wildlife with natural or non-natural food at specific locations in the environment, which can result in large congregations of individuals and species in a small area and increased local densities. Feeding can lead to increased potential for disease transmission either directly (via direct animal contact) or indirectly (via feed functioning as a fomite, spreading disease into the adjacent environment and to other animals). We identified numerous diseases that currently pose a significant concern to the health of individuals and species of large wild mammals across North America, the spread of which are either clearly facilitated or most likely facilitated by the application of supplemental feeding or baiting. Wildlife diseases also have important threats to human and livestock health. Although the risk of intra- and inter-species disease transmission likely increases when animals concentrate at feeding stations, only in a few cases was disease prevalence and transmission measured and compared between populations. Mostly these were experimental situations under controlled conditions, limiting direct scientific evidence that feeding practices exacerbates disease occurrence, exposure, transmission, and spread in the environment.
Vaccination programs utilizing baits have received variable levels of success. Although important gaps in the scientific literature exist, current information is sufficient to conclude that providing food to wildlife through supplemental feeding or baiting has great potential to negatively impact species health and represents a non-natural arena for disease transmission and preservation. Ultimately, this undermines the initial purpose of feeding practices and represents a serious risk to the maintenance of biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, human health, and livestock production. Managers should consider disease transmission as a real and serious concern in their decision to implement or eliminate feeding programs. Disease surveillance should be a crucial element within the long-term monitoring of any feeding program in combination with other available preventive measures to limit disease transmission and spread.
Keywords Artificial feeding; Baiting; Bovine tuberculosis; Chronic wasting disease; Elk; Vaccination; White-tailed deer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no figures or tables for this document.
Corresponding author contact information Corresponding author at: Department of Animal and Poultry Science & Indigenous Land Management Institute, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Tel.: +1 306 966 4120; fax: +1 306 966 4151. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167587713003607
Friday, October 26, 2012
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PENNSYLVANIA GAME FARMS, URINE ATTRACTANT PRODUCTS, BAITING, AND MINERAL LICKS
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd.html
CWD, GAME FARMS, BAITING, AND POLITICS
http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/01/cwd-game-farms-baiting-and-politics.html http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/cwd-feeding-and-baiting-piles.html
that voluntary mad cow feed ban that became law, how did that work out for
us to 2013 $
USDA/FDA inc still feeding cows to cows as well ;
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
OAI 2012-2013
OAI (Official Action Indicated) when inspectors find significant
objectionable conditions or practices and believe that regulatory sanctions are
warranted to address the establishment’s lack of compliance with the regulation.
An example of an OAI classification would be findings of manufacturing
procedures insufficient to ensure that ruminant feed is not contaminated with
prohibited material. Inspectors will promptly re-inspect facilities classified
OAI after regulatory sanctions have been applied to determine whether the
corrective actions are adequate to address the objectionable conditions.
ATL-DO 1035703 Newberry Feed & Farm Ctr, Inc. 2431 Vincent St.
Newberry SC 29108-0714 OPR DR, FL, FR, TH HP 9/9/2013 OAI Y
DET-DO 1824979 Hubbard Feeds, Inc. 135 Main, P.O. Box 156 Shipshewana IN
46565-0156 OPR DR, FL, OF DP 8/29/2013 OAI Y
ATL-DO 3001460882 Talley Farms Feed Mill Inc 6309 Talley Rd Stanfield NC
28163-7617 OPR FL, TH NP 7/17/2013 OAI N
NYK-DO 3010260624 Sherry Sammons 612 Stoner Trail Rd Fonda NY 12068-5007
OPR FR, OF NP 7/16/2013 OAI Y
DEN-DO 3008575486 Rocky Ford Pet Foods 21693 Highway 50 East Rocky Ford CO
81067 OPR RE, TH HP 2/27/2013 OAI N
CHI-DO 3007091297 Rancho Cantera 2866 N Sunnyside Rd Kent IL 61044-9605 OPR
FR, OF HP 11/26/2012 OAI Y
*** DEN-DO 1713202 Weld County Bi Products, Inc. 1138 N 11th Ave Greeley CO
80631-9501 OPR RE, TH HP 10/12/2012 OAI N
Ruminant Feed Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)
PLEASE NOTE, the VAI violations were so numerous, and unorganized in dates
posted, as in numerical order, you will have to sift through them for
yourselves. ...tss
Tuesday, June 11, 2013
*** Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods 6/1/12 significant
deviations from requirements in FDA regulations that are intended to reduce the
risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) within the United States
Thursday, June 6, 2013
BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI
ratings as at June 5, 2013
Greetings,
since our fine federal friends have decided not to give out any more
reports on the USA breaches of the feed ban and surveillance etc. for the BSE
TSE prion mad cow type disease in the USDA livestock, I thought I might attempt
it. I swear, I just don’t understand the logic of the SSS policy, and that
includes all of it. I assure you, it would be much easier, and probably better
for the FDA and the USDA INC., if they would simply put some kind of report out
for Pete’s sake, instead of me doing it after I get mad, because I am going to
put it all out there. the truth.
PLEASE BE ADVISED, any breach of any of the above classifications OAI, VAI,
RTS, CAN lead to breaches into the feed BSE TSE prion protocols, and CAN lead to
the eventual suspect tainted feed reaching livestock. please, if any USDA
official out there disputes this, please explain then how they could not.
paperwork errors can eventually lead to breaches of the BSE TSE prion mad cow
feed ban reaching livestock, or contamination and exposure there from, as well.
I would sure like to see the full reports of just these ;
4018 CHI-DO 3007091297 Rancho Cantera 2866 N Sunnyside Rd Kent IL
61044-9605 OPR FR, OF HP 11/26/2012 OAI Y
9367 3008575486 Rocky Ford Pet Foods 21693 Highway 50 East Rocky Ford CO
81067 OPR RE, TH HP 2/27/2013 OAI N
9446 DEN-DO 1713202 Weld County Bi Products, Inc. 1138 N 11th Ave Greeley
CO 80631-9501 OPR RE, TH HP 10/12/2012 OAI N
9447 DEN-DO 3002857110 Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods
13553 County Road 19 Fort Morgan CO 80701-7506 OPR RE HP 12/7/2011 OAI N
see full list of the fda mad cow bse feed follies, toward the bottom,
after a short brief update on the mad cow bse follies, and our good friend
Lester Crawford that was at the FDA.
ALSO, I would kindly like to comment on this FDA BSE/Ruminant Feed
Inspections Firms Inventory (excel format)4 format, for reporting these breaches
of BSE TSE prion protocols, from the extensive mad cow feed ban warning letters
the fda use to put out for each violations. simply put, this excel format sucks,
and the FDA et al intentionally made it this difficult to follow the usda fda
mad cow follies. this is an intentional format to make it as difficult as
possible to follow these breaches of the mad cow TSE prion safety feed
protocols. to have absolutely no chronological or numerical order, and to format
such violations in a way that they are almost impossible to find, says a lot
about just how far the FDA and our fine federal friends will go through to hide
these continued violations of the BSE TSE prion mad cow feed ban, and any
breaches of protocols there from. once again, the wolf guarding the henhouse $$$
NAI = NO ACTION INDICATED
OAI = OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED
VAI = VOLUNTARY ACTION INDICATED
RTS = REFERRED TO STATE
Inspections conducted by State and FDA investigators are classified to
reflect the compliance status at the time of the inspection, based upon whether
objectionable conditions were documented. Based on the conditions found,
inspection results are recorded in one of three classifications:
OAI (Official Action Indicated) when inspectors find significant
objectionable conditions or practices and believe that regulatory sanctions are
warranted to address the establishment’s lack of compliance with the regulation.
An example of an OAI classification would be findings of manufacturing
procedures insufficient to ensure that ruminant feed is not contaminated with
prohibited material. Inspectors will promptly re-inspect facilities classified
OAI after regulatory sanctions have been applied to determine whether the
corrective actions are adequate to address the objectionable conditions.
VAI (Voluntary Action Indicated) when inspectors find objectionable
conditions or practices that do not meet the threshold of regulatory
significance, but warrant an advisory to inform the establishment that
inspectors found conditions or practices that should be voluntarily corrected.
VAI violations are typically technical violations of the 1997 BSE Feed Rule.
These violations include minor recordkeeping lapses or conditions involving
non-ruminant feeds.
NAI (No Action Indicated) when inspectors find no objectionable conditions
or practices or, if they find objectionable conditions, those conditions are of
a minor nature and do not justify further actions.
when sound science was bought off by junk science, in regards to the BSE
TSE prion mad cow type disease, by the USDA, CFIA, WHO, OIE, et al. $$$
when the infamous, and fraudulently USDA, FSIS, APHIS, FDA, gold card was
taken away that infamous day in December of 2003, all cards were off the table,
it was time to change the science, and change they did. ...tss
snip. ...please see full text ;
Thursday, June 6, 2013
BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI
ratings as at June 5, 2013
IN A NUT SHELL ;
(Adopted by the International Committee of the OIE on 23 May 2006)
11. Information published by the OIE is derived from appropriate
declarations made by the official Veterinary Services of Member Countries. The
OIE is not responsible for inaccurate publication of country disease status
based on inaccurate information or changes in epidemiological status or other
significant events that were not promptly reported to the Central Bureau,
Thursday, May 30, 2013
World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has upgraded the United States'
risk classification for mad cow disease to "negligible" from "controlled", and
risk further exposing the globe to the TSE prion mad cow type disease
U.S. gets top mad-cow rating from international group and risk further
exposing the globe to the TSE prion mad cow type disease
please see full text and more here ;
Sunday, December 15, 2013
FDA PART 589 -- SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED FROM USE IN ANIMAL FOOD OR FEED
VIOLATIONS OFFICIAL ACTION INDICATED OIA UPDATE DECEMBER 2013 UPDATE
*** and now, for the really big news about CWD TSE prion disease, just out
by the cdc et al ;
PLEASE be aware of new science just out by the CDC emerging infectious
disease journal on CWD and it’s potential link to sporadic CJD...URGENT UPDATE
AS FOLLOWS ;
*** PRICE OF CWD TSE PRION POKER GOES UP 2014 ***
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy TSE PRION update January 2, 2014
*** chronic wasting disease, there was no absolute barrier to conversion of
the human prion protein.
*** Furthermore, the form of human PrPres produced in this in vitro assay
when seeded with CWD, resembles that found in the most common human prion
disease, namely sCJD of the MM1 subtype.
Wednesday, January 01, 2014
Molecular Barriers to Zoonotic Transmission of Prions
*** chronic wasting disease, there was no absolute barrier to conversion of
the human prion protein.
*** Furthermore, the form of human PrPres produced in this in vitro assay
when seeded with CWD, resembles that found in the most common human prion
disease, namely sCJD of the MM1 subtype.
*** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly
magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef
ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and
slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of
free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier.
Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE
and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion
diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease
through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can
be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size
of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic
individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a
potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.
Thursday, January 2, 2014
*** CWD TSE Prion in cervids to hTGmice, Heidenhain Variant
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease MM1 genotype, and iatrogenic CJD ??? ***
Wednesday, January 01, 2014
APHIS-2006-0118-0100 Chronic Wasting Disease Herd Certification Program and
Interstate Movement of Farmed or Captive Deer, Elk, and Moose
Friday, November 22, 2013
Wasting disease is threat to the entire UK deer population CWD TSE Prion
disease Singeltary submission to Scottish Parliament
Thursday, October 10, 2013
*** CJD REPORT 1994 increased risk for consumption of veal and venison and
lamb
Thursday, January 02, 2014
Tests Confirm CWD Case in Pennsylvania Release #001-14
Wednesday, September 04, 2013
*** cwd - cervid captive livestock escapes, loose and on the run in the
wild
Thursday, September 19, 2013
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD surveillance, deer feeding ban continues in
southeastern Minnesota
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Friday, May 25, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD found in a farmed red deer from Ramsey County
Minnesota
Saturday, March 17, 2012
Minnesota CWD DNR, Can chronic wasting disease jump from deer to humans?
yes, maybe some day YOUTUBE
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
Minnesota, National Veterinary Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa, has
confirmed CWD case near Pine Island
Friday, January 21, 2011
MINNESOTA HIGHLY SUSPECT CWD POSITIVE WILD DEER FOUND NEAR PINE ISLAND
Saturday, October 31, 2009
Elk from Olmsted County herd depopulated to control CWD Three additional
elk from the 558-head herd tested positive
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Chronic Wasting Disease found in a farmed elk from Olmsted County ST. PAUL,
Minn.
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE UPDATE September 6, 2002
Minnesota has announced the finding of CWD in a captive elk in Aitkin
County. The animal was a five-year-old male. It had been purchased from a
captive facility in Stearns County in August of 2000. The herd where the elk was
found has been placed under quarantine as has two additional facilities where
the infected elk had resided prior to it coming to the farm in Aitkin County.
Minnesota DNR officials will test wild deer in the area to determine if there is
any sign of CWD in the free-ranging population. This is the first case of CWD in
either captive or freeranging cervids in Minnesota. Several more states have
passed bans on the importation of deer and elk carcasses from states where CWD
has been found in wild animals. Previously the states of Colorado, Illinois and
Iowa and the province of Manitoba had passed such bans. The states of Vermont,
Oregon and Missouri have enacted similar bans. Numerous states have issue
voluntary advisories to their out-of-state hunters encouraging them not to bring
the carcass or carcass parts of deer and elk into their state. The bans do
permit the importation of boned out meat, hides or cape with no meat attached,
clean skull cap with antler attached, finished taxidermy heads or the ivories of
elk. The state of Georgia has recently banned the importation of live cervids
into that state also. Some citizens of Colorado have formed a new political
action group called Colorado Wildlife Defense (just happens that the acronym is
CWD). The stated goal of this group are; Elimination of big game diseases,
especially CWD; promotion of healthy wildlife habitat; promotion of
scientifically sound wildlife research; promotion of a discussion of the ethics
of hunting and wildlife management; education of the hunting and non hunting
public. Their action plan calls for; requiring double fencing of all game farms
at owners expense; all game farmers provide annual proof of bonding; prohibit
new licenses for deer and elk farms; prohibit expansion in acreage of existing
game farms; prohibit the transfer of game farm licenses; prohibit charging for
hunting behind high wire; prohibit blocking of traditional migratory paths by
high fences; requiring game farms to maintain environmental controls and
prohibit the escape of contaminated water or soil; requiring immediate reporting
of missing deer or elk from game farms; and requiring all game farm deer and elk
to be tested for brucellosis and TB. Wisconsin has announced that 7 more
free-ranging deer have tested positive for CWD. They have expanded their
eradication zone by an additional 15 square miles to cover these findings. The
total number of free-ranging CWD positive in Wisconsin is now 31 white-tail
deer.
In 2000, a elk farmer in Wisconsin received elk from a CWD exposed herd in
Colorado. At that time, the farmer advised the Wisconsin Department of
Agriculture that both animals from the exposed herd in Colorado were dead. He
has now advised Wisconsin Ag. that he was mistaken and that one of the animals
is still alive in his herd. The second draft of the implementation documents for
the National CWD Plan was distributed to committee members and others on Friday,
August 30. The final documents are due to APHIS and USFWS on Friday, September
13. The herd of captive elk in Oklahoma that had been exposed to CWD will be
destroyed this week. This herd had an elk test positive for CWD in 1997 but the
depopulation of the herd was not agreed to by the owners and federal
representatives until this week. Since the discovery of CWD in the herd, the
remaining animals have been under quarantine, however, in the meantime the herd
has dropped from 150 animals to 74. Due to a lack of communication, not all of
the 76 animals that died in the interim were tested for CWD. All remaining
animals will be tested but the true degree of infection rate of the herd will
never be known.
The owners of the facility will not be permitted to restock the area with
cervids for a period of five years. A New York based organization, BioTech
Research Fund I LLC has committed a $1 million line of credit to fund
commercialization of tests for brain-wasting disorders and production of various
vaccines to Gene-Thera of Wheat Ridge, Colorado. Gene-Thera has spent three
years developing new ways not only to diagnose CWD, but create vaccines for mad
cow disease, E. coli contaminants and foot-and-mouth disease. Its tests for CWD
have been successful in more than 100 samples from Colorado and Wisconsin
according to company officials. Gene-Thera plans to license and market some o
fits disease test kits by the end of the year, then begin volume distribution by
mid-2003. The abstracts of the presentations from the CWD Conference in Denver
August 6 and 7 have been posted on the Colorado Division of Wildlife web site.
You will need adobe acrobat reader to read them.
Minnesota: Second case in a game farmed elk discovered in Stearns Co.
This is a trace forward from the previously affected game farm in Aitkins
Co. An additional game farm in Benton Co is under quarantine.
snip...
Supporting Documents: Colorado: CWD-Exposed Elk Used in 1990 Study-
Wildlife officials call W. Slope move a mistake Date: January 17, 2003 Source:
Denver Post Contacts: Theo Stein Environment Writer
The Colorado Division of Wildlife knowingly used a herd of captive elk
exposed to chronic wasting disease in a grazing study on the Western Slope in
January 1990, possibly introducing the disease to the elk-rich area. "It was a
bad call," said Jeff Ver Steeg, the division's top game manager. "I can't deny
it." About 150 wild elk were allowed to graze in the same pens near Maybell
after the research herd was removed and may have picked up the abnormal protein
that causes the disease from the feces and urine left by the captive elk. While
the Division of Wildlife has expressed concern before that its animals might
have helped spread CWD, this is the first time the agency has acknowledged it
knowingly moved elk exposed to CWD deep into an area where the disease was not
known to already exist. Studies that could help determine the source of CWD on
the Western Slope are incomplete, and officials say what data that do exist are
so new and so spotty they may not provide all the answers. So far, it appears
that less than 1 percent of deer and elk in the area are infected, compared with
as much as 15 to 20 percent in hotspots in northeastern Colorado. But as
wildlife officials grapple with CWD's appearance in northwestern Colorado,
officials now admit the decision to continue the grazing study over the
objections of some biologists was an error. At the time, biologists wanted to
see whether elk grazing on winter range depleted forage that ranchers wanted for
fattening cattle in spring. "I think in hindsight a lot of good people probably
did some dumb things, myself included," said Bruce Gill, a retired wildlife
manager who oversaw research efforts and remembers the debate over the project.
"Had we known CWD would explode into such a potentially volatile ecologic and
economic issue, we wouldn't have done it." Elk ranchers, who have been blamed
for exporting the disease from its stronghold on the Colorado and Wyoming plains
to seven states and two Canadian provinces, say the agency's belated disclosure
smacks of a coverup. "It's pure negligence," said Jerry Perkins, a Delta banker
and rancher who is now demanding a legislative inquiry. "If I'd have moved
animals I knew to be infected around like that, I'd be in jail." Grand Junction
veterinarian and sportsman Dick Steele said he faults the agency for not
disclosing information about CWD-exposed research animals before October, when
information was posted on the Division of Wildlife website. "This went way
beyond poor judgment," he said. "My main concern is that this has been hidden
for the last 12 years. It would have been real important to our decision-making
process on how to deal with CWD." While the Maybell information is new, Perkins
and other ranchers have long suspected Division of Wildlife research facilities
near Meeker and Kremmling, which temporarily housed mule deer kept in heavily
infected pens at the Fort Collins facility, have leaked CWD to the wild. Fear of
an outbreak led the agency to sample 450 deer around the Meeker and Kremmling
facilities. None tested positive, but the sample size was only large enough to
detect cases if the infection rate was greater than 1 percent. This fall, tests
on 23,000 deer and elk submitted by hunters statewide have revealed 48 CWD cases
north of Interstate 70 and west of the Continental Divide. Biologists believe
the infection rate in that area, which includes the Maybell, Meeker and
Kremmling sites, is still well below 1 percent. But CWD has never been contained
in a wild population, so experts fear the problem will grow worse.
The Division of Wildlife says it will be months before a statistical
analysis of the fall's sampling results can be completed, an exercise that may
shed light on the disease's origin on the Western Slope. "We're just not going
to speculate at this point," said Ver Steeg of the possible Maybell connection.
"This is one possibility, but certainly not the only possibility." Some
biologists think a defunct elk ranch near Pagoda, which had dozens of
unexplained deaths in the mid-'90s, is another, a suggestion Perkins rejects.
"It may be inconclusive to them," said Perkins. "It isn't inconclusive to us."
To date, 19 CWD-positive animals have been found on six Wisconsin farms.
All have been white-tailed deer except for one elk imported from a Minnesota
herd later found to be infected. More than 8,000 farm-raised deer and elk have
been tested in Wisconsin, and about 540 herds are enrolled in the CWD monitoring
program.
CWD disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm southwestern
Minnesota (2006-03-15)
Date: March 15, 2006 at 12:36 pm PST
Chronic wasting disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
(2006-03-15) The Board of Animal Health announced today that chronic wasting
disease (CWD) has been detected in one domestic white-tailed deer on a cervid
farm in Lac qui Parle County, which is located in southwestern Minnesota.
Immediately, DNR officials will conduct a local deer survey to determine
the number of wild deer in the area. It is expected that not many deer will be
found because the area is highly agricultural, with little deer habitat
surrounding the farm. DNR will conduct opportunistic sampling of deer, like road
kills, in the immediate area now and will conduct intensive hunter-harvested
surveillance during the 2006 firearm deer season.
Although this positive animal is a captive deer, DNR has conducted
surveillance for CWD in wild deer in the area. The farm is located near the
northern boundary of deer permit area 447, where wild deer surveillance for CWD
last occurred in 2003.
Lou Cornicelli, DNR big game program coordinator, said, "In 2003, we
conducted wild deer CWD surveillance in adjoining permit areas 433, 446 and 447.
In total, we collected 392 samples from those permit areas during the regular
firearm deer season and CWD was not detected."
The sampling of wild deer was designed statistically to have a 95 percent
confidence of detecting a 1 percent infection rate, according to Mike DonCarlos,
DNR wildlife programs manager.
"This situation is very similar to the positive elk farm discovered in
Stearns County in 2003, which followed the first discovery of CWD in an Aitkin
County elk farm," DonCarlos said. “The DNR response will be similar to the
Stearns County action and will include an initial assessment of wild deer
populations in the area and development of a surveillance program for next
fall."
From 2002 to 2004, DNR staff collected nearly 28,000 CWD samples statewide
and no disease found in the wild herd.
"The intensive surveillance conducted in 2003 indicated CWD was not present
in wild deer," Cornicelli said. “In addition, all indications are that this
positive captive deer has not contacted any wild deer, but we will conduct
additional surveillance this fall to be sure."
CWD disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm southwestern
Minnesota (2006-03-15) Date: March 15, 2006 at 12:36 pm PST
Chronic wasting disease detected on Lac qui Parle County cervid farm
(2006-03-15) The Board of Animal Health announced today that chronic wasting
disease (CWD) has been detected in one domestic white-tailed deer on a cervid
farm in Lac qui Parle County, which is located in southwestern Minnesota.
Immediately, DNR officials will conduct a local deer survey to determine
the number of wild deer in the area. It is expected that not many deer will be
found because the area is highly agricultural, with little deer habitat
surrounding the farm. DNR will conduct opportunistic sampling of deer, like road
kills, in the immediate area now and will conduct intensive hunter-harvested
surveillance during the 2006 firearm deer season.
Although this positive animal is a captive deer, DNR has conducted
surveillance for CWD in wild deer in the area. The farm is located near the
northern boundary of deer permit area 447, where wild deer surveillance for CWD
last occurred in 2003.
Lou Cornicelli, DNR big game program coordinator, said, "In 2003, we
conducted wild deer CWD surveillance in adjoining permit areas 433, 446 and 447.
In total, we collected 392 samples from those permit areas during the regular
firearm deer season and CWD was not detected."
The sampling of wild deer was designed statistically to have a 95 percent
confidence of detecting a 1 percent infection rate, according to Mike DonCarlos,
DNR wildlife programs manager.
"This situation is very similar to the positive elk farm discovered in
Stearns County in 2003, which followed the first discovery of CWD in an Aitkin
County elk farm," DonCarlos said. “The DNR response will be similar to the
Stearns County action and will include an initial assessment of wild deer
populations in the area and development of a surveillance program for next
fall."
From 2002 to 2004, DNR staff collected nearly 28,000 CWD samples statewide
and no disease found in the wild herd.
"The intensive surveillance conducted in 2003 indicated CWD was not present
in wild deer," Cornicelli said. “In addition, all indications are that this
positive captive deer has not contacted any wild deer, but we will conduct
additional surveillance this fall to be sure."
PLEASE DO NOT FORGET THESE STUDIES ON SCRAPIE AND CWD ;
*** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD.
The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr.
Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at
this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had
previously been occupied by sheep.
White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection
Jodi D. Smith, Justin J. Greenlee, and Robert A. Kunkle; Virus and Prion
Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS Interspecies
transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential
host range and origins of prion diseases. Previous experiments demonstrated that
white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep-derived scrapie by intracranial
inoculation. The purpose of this study was to determine susceptibility of
white-tailed deer to scrapie after a natural route of exposure. Deer (n=5) were
inoculated by concurrent oral (30 ml) and intranasal (1 ml) instillation of a
10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate derived from a sheep clinically affected with
scrapie. Non-inoculated deer were maintained as negative controls. All deer were
observed daily for clinical signs. Deer were euthanized and necropsied when
neurologic disease was evident, and tissues were examined for abnormal prion
protein (PrPSc) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB). One animal
was euthanized 15 months post-inoculation (MPI) due to an injury. At that time,
examination of obex and lymphoid tissues by IHC was positive, but WB of obex and
colliculus were negative. Remaining deer developed clinical signs of wasting and
mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 MPI. Tissues from these deer
were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity
included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node,
Peyer’s patches, and spleen. This work demonstrates for the first time that
white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes
of inoculation. In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine
similarities between scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal
inoculation and chronic wasting disease resulting from similar routes of
inoculation.
see full text ;
PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed
deer
Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture;
Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA
Good luck Minnesota, with your CWD efforts.
however, I think it is a big mistake claiming the ALL CLEAR, for special
602 zone, which was in effect for the 2011, 2012 and 2013, just after 3 years,
considering the infectious TSE agent can still be infectious from environmental
contamination after 16 years, and giving the all clear for baiting again, when
science tells us that baiting and feeding enhances the spread of CWD TSE prion
agent, due to environmental contamination and and also the feeding practices of
using animal protein some shooting pens and hunters use, again only will enhance
your states chances of spreading Chronic Wasting Disease CWD. ...good
luck!
layperson
mom dod 12/14/97 confirmed hvCJD...just made a promise, never forget, and
never let them forget. ...
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
