PENNSYLVANIA CAPTIVE CWD INDEX HERD MATE YELLOW *47 STILL RUNNING LOOSE IN INDIANA, YELLOW NUMBER 2 STILL MISSING, AND OTHERS ON THE RUN STILL IN LOUISIANA

 PENNSYLVANIA CAPTIVE CWD INDEX HERD MATE YELLOW *47 STILL RUNNING LOOSE IN INDIANA, YELLOW NUMBER 2 STILL MISSING, AND OTHERS ON THE RUN STILL IN LOUISIANA



 May 31, 2013 at 12:11pm goosepondmonster said:


 I take it the CWD deer is still running loose in Indiana as well?

 Following is a reply I received yesterday via email from Chad Stewart:

 "I believe you were inquiring about the tagged deer that was exposed to CWD from the positive deer in Pennsylvania. To my knowledge, no one has seen that deer since sometime last summer. We had an extensive camera surveillance project occurring down in Jackson County, and failed to get a picture of “Yellow 47”. We did manage to get several pictures of another male, “Yellow 2”, that did not share a pen with the positive deer in PA, but did occupy the same facility in Jackson County as “Yellow 47”. He has not been a consistent visitor to bait, appearing for one day, and then disappearing for several weeks before returning again. Therefore, we have not made any efforts to take him. We currently have pared down our surveillance efforts, but have kept the one camera active where he has been visiting infrequently in hopes that he will return more frequently."

 If anyone sees (in person or on trail cam) one of the Yellow tagged deer I am sure Chad would like to know the particulars as soon as possible. His contact info is:

 Chad Stewart Certified Wildlife Biologist Deer Research Biologist 5596 East State Road 46 Bloomington, Indiana 47401

 email: cstewart@dnr.in.gov p: 812-334-1137 f: 812-339-4807


 END...



 SOURCE


 http://hunt-indiana.com/thread/47061/quarantine-louisiana-index-herd-pennsylvania





 Escaped deer pose risk of spreading disease in Indiana


 State wildlife officials fear the missing animals could have been exposed to fatal ailment

 Twenty deer escaped this spring from a Jackson County farm where trophy bucks with huge antlers are bred and sold to fenced-in, private hunting preserves. Department of Natural Resources officials, may be infected with chronic wasting disease. / (Charlie Nye/The Star)

 Deer hunters in four southeastern Indiana counties have been given an unusual directive by state wildlife officials: If you see a deer with a yellow tag in its ear, kill it.

 And call a biologist.

 The deer, say Department of Natural Resources officials, may be infected with chronic wasting disease.

 The edict comes after 20 deer escaped this spring from a Jackson County farm where trophy bucks with huge antlers are bred and sold to fenced-in, private hunting preserves. Seven of the deer remain unaccounted for.

 Wildlife officials worry about chronic wasting disease spreading here, devastating what is currently a thriving deer population of 500,000 to 1 million animals.

 The disease, which is causing havoc in several states, including Wisconsin, hasn't yet made its way to Indiana. Officials don't think it poses a risk to humans or other livestock.

 DNR spokesman Phil Bloom said the escape highlights a larger issue.

 "This case," he said, "underscores the concern many have about how the commercialization of wildlife and interstate trafficking in wildlife presents a Pandora's box, with the potential spread of a deadly disease that does have some wide-ranging consequences."

 In this case, Bloom said, biologists are hoping those consequences can be minimized with some help from hunters -- and motorists unlucky enough to hit and kill one of the tagged deer.

 The alert not only includes Jackson County, where the release occurred, but also neighboring Bartholomew, Jennings and Scott counties. Licensed hunters and motorists who kill tagged deer are urged to immediately call (812) 837-9536.

 The DNR and the Indiana Board of Animal Health will retrieve the carcass so it can be tested for the disease.

 Bloom said of particular interest are any deer with a yellow ear tag and two numbers on it, or any deer with a tag bearing the prefix "IN 764" followed by another four numbers.

 Hunters who shoot one of the deer will be issued a new license free of charge.

 DNR officials are concerned because a Pennsylvania farm -- where chronic wasting disease was detected -- sold 10 animals to farms in Indiana over the past three years. Bloom said two does were sold to farms in Noble and Whitley counties; the rest went to a farm in Jackson County.

 Some of the Jackson County deer were moved to a fourth facility in Jackson County, where the escape happened.

 Shawn Hanley, president of the Indiana Deer and Elk Farmers' Association, said a storm caused a tree to fall on the farm's fence. A Pennsylvania buck remains on the loose.

 "We have been in contact with the DNR and with the (Indiana Board of Animal Health), and will cooperate fully with attempts to recover the lost animal," Hanley said in an email.

 Citing the ongoing investigation, Bloom declined to release the name of the farms. So did Douglas Metcalf, chief of staff for the Board of Animal Health.

 Meanwhile, Metcalf said, each of the four farms is under quarantine, and the animals are being tested for the disease.

 Of the 20 deer that got loose, Bloom said, 11 were immediately recaptured, one was hit by a car and a bow hunter shot another this fall.

 Rick D. Miller, the owner of the 2.5 Karat Game Ranch in nearby Bartholomew County, says he's outraged by what happened. The farm where the deer escaped, he said, isn't one of the 385 Indiana deer farms that voluntarily allow officials to test their herds for the disease.

 "We don't want these crazy things to happen," said Miller, a former president of the Indiana Deer and Elk Farmers' Association.

 Miller said Indiana's $50 million-a-year game-farming industry has a lot to lose if the disease spreads. And so does he.

 At any given time, Miller says, he keeps between two dozen and 60 elk and white-tail deer on his farm. He collects deer urine to sell. Some hunters buy bottles of the urine as a deer attractant. Big "shooter" bucks can be sold to captive hunt facilities for $1,500 to $2,500.

 Breeding stock can sell for $1,000 to $250,000, depending on the size and genetics of the buck.

 In Indiana, at least, the future of farmers who sell to local game clubs remains unclear. In 2006, the DNR passed rules banning high-fence hunting because the facilities were deemed unsporting and a potential disease risk. The clubs sued in response.

 A judge issued an injunction prohibiting a ban, leaving the facilities in business for the time being.

 Bloom of the DNR said the legal challenges are pending.


 Follow Star reporter Ryan Sabalow at twitter.com/RyanSabalow. Call him at (317) 444-6179.


 http://www.indystar.com/article/20121019/LIFE02/210190361/Escaped-deer-pose-risk-spreading-disease-Indiana?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CIndyStar.com




 > The edict comes after 20 deer escaped this spring from a Jackson County farm where trophy bucks with huge antlers are bred and sold to fenced-in, private hunting preserves. Seven of the deer remain unaccounted for.



 SNIP...




 OCTOBER 2012



 galthatfishes galthatfishes is offline QDMA Member Join Date: May 2008 Location: PA Posts: 224 Default


 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 Quote: Originally Posted by Jeff23 View Post @TSS: You can follow the $$ all you want, but you have NO IDEA how inept the PAGC was at handling breeding opertations. They never even did inspections beyond the initial inspection! None. That changed immediately after Dept. of Ag took over. The PAGC wanted their check for the propagators permit and that's it. You really need to drop that point from your argument; it's invalid at best, and silly at worst. Folks, anyone who thinks beauracracy of any kind is going to solve this (or any other) problem is only fooling themselves.


 Well, Jeff- I am going to have to disagree with you. The PGC did a darned good job with the regulation of deer farms. In fact, they did such a good job, our state's deer farmers went running to the legislature and asked for cervid farming to be placed with the PA Department of Agriculture (PDA).


 Hunters protested (I can back this up with Pennsylvana Federation of Sportsman's Clubs position statements, etc); yet the cervid industry; backed with big $ protested and got their wish.


 Hunters warned that when CWD was found in captive herds, it was soon after it was found in the wild populations, especially when single fences were used, and when bedding materials were thrown outside of the fence and not properly disposed of; and when run off from high rain events were able to wash infected soils, feces, etc. outside of the pens.


 I attended a meeting last Wednesday where I brought several of these points up to PDA's Deputy Secretary Meals. He seemed in shock, until their own vet confirmed every word I said.


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096





 10-26-2012, 01:37 PM


 galthatfishes's Avatar galthatfishes galthatfishes is offline QDMA Member Join Date: May 2008 Location: PA Posts: 224 Default


 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------


 By the way. Just a couple of days ago, more "deer" escaped a farm. Can you show me Ag's press release on that Jeff?


 I can show you the police report. Ag will neither confirm nor deny it.



 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=3


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=4


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=5


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=6


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=7


 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=53096&page=8






 Tuesday, May 28, 2013

 Chronic Wasting Disease CWD quarantine Louisiana via CWD index herd Pennsylvania Update May 28, 2013

 6 doe from Pennsylvania CWD index herd still on the loose in Louisiana, quarantine began on October 18, 2012, still ongoing, Lake Charles premises.

 http://www.chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/05/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-quarantine.html






 Tuesday, December 18, 2012

 A Growing Threat How deer breeding could put public trust wildlife at risk

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/a-growing-threat-how-deer-breeding.html





 Monday, June 24, 2013

 The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry Following its Discovery

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-effects-of-chronic-wasting-disease.html





 Thursday, June 20, 2013

 atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update

 http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/atypical-bse-cwd-scrapie-captive-farmed.html





 Sunday, June 09, 2013

 Missouri House forms 13-member Interim Committee on the Cause and Spread of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/missouri-house-forms-13-member-interim.html





 Tuesday, April 16, 2013

 Cervid Industry Unites To Set Direction for CWD Reform and seem to ignore their ignorance and denial in their role in spreading Chronic Wasting Disease

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/04/cervid-industry-unites-to-set-direction.html





 Sunday, January 06, 2013

 USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/01/usda-to-pgc-once-captives-escape-its-no.html





 more on Great Escape of CWD from Pennsylvania 2012 coming out of Indiana




 A farm in Pennsylvania, where chronic wasting disease was detected, has sold 10 animals to farms in Indiana over the past three years. DNR spokesman Phil Bloom said two were sold to farms in Noble and Whitley counties; the rest went to two facilities in Jackson County, one of which is the site of the escape.


 http://www.chestertontribune.com/Environment/indiana_enlists_hunters_to_help.htm





 see full text and more ;


 Wednesday, November 14, 2012

 PENNSYLVANIA 2012 THE GREAT ESCAPE OF CWD INVESTIGATION MOVES INTO LOUISIANA and INDIANA

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/pennsylvania-2012-great-escape-of-cwd_14.html




 Tuesday, October 23, 2012

 PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/pa-captive-deer-from-cwd-positive-farm.html




 Pennsylvania CWD number of deer exposed and farms there from much greater than first thought

 Published: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 10:44 PM Updated: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 11:33 PM

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/pennsylvania-cwd-number-of-deer-exposed.html




 Friday, October 26, 2012

 CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PENNSYLVANIA GAME FARMS, URINE ATTRACTANT PRODUCTS, BAITING, AND MINERAL LICKS

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd.html




 Thursday, October 11, 2012

 Pennsylvania Confirms First Case CWD Adams County Captive Deer Tests Positive

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/pennsylvania-confirms-first-case-cwd.html





 CWD TO HUMANS ???



 Cross-sequence transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease creates a new prion strain



 Date: August 25, 2007 at 12:42 pm PST

 our results raise the possibility that CJD cases classified as VV1 may include cases caused by iatrogenic transmission of sCJD-MM1 prions or food-borne infection by type 1 prions from animals, e.g., chronic wasting disease prions in cervid. In fact, two CJD-VV1 patients who hunted deer or consumed venison have been reported (40, 41). The results of the present study emphasize the need for traceback studies and careful re-examination of the biochemical properties of sCJD-VV1 prions.


 http://www.jbc.org/





 *** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier. Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.

 http://cdmrp.army.mil/prevfunded/nprp/NPRP_Summit_Final_Report.pdf




 The chances of a person or domestic animal contracting CWD are “extremely remote,” Richards said. The possibility can’t be ruled out, however. “One could look at it like a game of chance,” he explained. “The odds (of infection) increase over time because of repeated exposure. That’s one of the downsides of having CWD in free-ranging herds: We’ve got this infectious agent out there that we can never say never to in terms of (infecting) people and domestic livestock.”

 https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/121201a.aspx




 P35

 ADAPTATION OF CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE (CWD) INTO HAMSTERS, EVIDENCE OF A WISCONSIN STRAIN OF CWD

 Subclinical infection was established with the other primary passages based on the detection of PrPCWD in the brains of hamsters and the successful disease transmission upon second passage. Second and third passage data, when compared to transmission studies using different CWD inocula (Raymond et al., 2007) indicate that the CWD agent present in the Wisconsin white-tailed deer population is different than the strain(s) present in elk, mule-deer and white-tailed deer from the western United States endemic region.

 http://www.istitutoveneto.it/prion_09/Abstracts_09.pdf




 PPo3-7:

 Prion Transmission from Cervids to Humans is Strain-dependent

 Here we report that a human prion strain that had adopted the cervid prion protein (PrP) sequence through passage in cervidized transgenic mice efficiently infected transgenic mice expressing human PrP, indicating that the species barrier from cervid to humans is prion strain-dependent and humans can be vulnerable to novel cervid prion strains. Preliminary results on CWD transmission in transgenic mice expressing human PrP-129V will also be discussed.

 Acknowledgement Supported by NINDS NS052319 and NIA AG14359.




 PPo2-27:

 Generation of a Novel form of Human PrPSc by Inter-species Transmission of Cervid Prions

 Our findings suggest that CWD prions have the capability to infect humans, and that this ability depends on CWD strain adaptation, implying that the risk for human health progressively increases with the spread of CWD among cervids.




 PPo2-7:

 Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Different CWD Isolates

 This confirmed structural differences in the PrPTSE of at least two disinct CWD isolates. The data presented here substantiate and expand previous reports on the existence of different CWD strains.

 http://www.prion2010.org/bilder/prion_2010_program_latest_w_posters_4_.pdf?139&PHPSESSID=a30a38202cfec579000b77af81be3099



 2012



 Envt.06:

 Zoonotic Potential of CWD: Experimental Transmissions to Non-Human Primates

 Since CWD prion strains are highly lymphotropic, suggesting an adaptation of these agents after peripheral exposure, a parallel set of four monkeys was inoculated with CWD-infected cervid brains using the oral route. Nearly four years post-exposure, monkeys exposed to CWD-related prion strains remain asymptomatic. In contrast, bovinized and humanized transgenic mice showed signs of infection, suggesting that CWD-related prion strains may be capable of crossing the cattle-to-primate species barrier. Comparisons with transmission results and incubation periods obtained after exposure to other cattle prion strains (c-BSE, BSE-L, BSE-H and cattle-adapted TME) will also be presented, in order to evaluate the respective risks of each strain.



 Envt.07:

 Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease

 The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal muscle from CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human diet as a precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further clarification of whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.

 http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/Prion5-Supp-PrionEnvironment.pdf?nocache=1333529975



 Sunday, August 19, 2012

 Susceptibility of cattle to the agent of chronic wasting disease from elk after intracranial inoculation 2012

 Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/08/susceptibility-of-cattle-to-agent-of.html



 PO-081: Chronic wasting disease in the cat— Similarities to feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)



 http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/04-Prion6-2-Pathogenesis-and-pathology.pdf



 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/05/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-prion2012.html





http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/article/15898/Prion5-Supp-PrionBiology.pdf?nocache=804212569






 http://felinespongiformencephalopathyfse.blogspot.com/2011/08/susceptibility-of-domestic-cats-to-cwd.html



 Thursday, May 31, 2012

 CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PRION2012 Aerosol, Inhalation transmission, Scrapie, cats, species barrier, burial, and more

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/05/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-prion2012.html



 PO-081: Chronic wasting disease in the cat— Similarities to feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)

 http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/04-Prion6-2-Pathogenesis-and-pathology.pdf




 Friday, November 09, 2012

 *** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other species

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-in-cervidae.html





 Sunday, November 11, 2012

 *** Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease November 2012

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/susceptibilities-of-nonhuman-primates.html





 Friday, December 14, 2012

 *** Susceptibility Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in wild cervids to Humans 2005 - December 14, 2012

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/susceptibility-chronic-wasting-disease.html





 Saturday, March 09, 2013

 Chronic Wasting Disease in Bank Voles: Characterisation of the Shortest Incubation Time Model for Prion Diseases

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/03/chronic-wasting-disease-in-bank-voles.html





 pens, pens, PENS ???





 *** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD. The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr. Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had previously been occupied by sheep.



 http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf




 now, decades later ;




 2012



 PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer



 snip...



 After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.



 http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/03-Prion6-2-Transmission-and-strains.pdf





 2011



 *** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie.



 http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf





 Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)



 Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity



 After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.



 http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf





 2011 Annual Report



 Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit 2011 Annual Report



 In Objective 1, Assess cross-species transmissibility of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in livestock and wildlife, numerous experiments assessing the susceptibility of various TSEs in different host species were conducted. Most notable is deer inoculated with scrapie, which exhibits similarities to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer suggestive of sheep scrapie as an origin of CWD.



 snip...



 4.Accomplishments 1. Deer inoculated with domestic isolates of sheep scrapie. Scrapie-affected deer exhibit 2 different patterns of disease associated prion protein. In some regions of the brain the pattern is much like that observed for scrapie, while in others it is more like chronic wasting disease (CWD), the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy typically associated with deer. This work conducted by ARS scientists at the National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA suggests that an interspecies transmission of sheep scrapie to deer may have been the origin of CWD. This is important for husbandry practices with both captive deer, elk and sheep for farmers and ranchers attempting to keep their herds and flocks free of CWD and scrapie.



 http://ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=411467&showpars=true&fy=2011





 White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection



 snip...



 This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation. In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine similarities between scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic wasting disease resulting from similar routes of inoculation.



 see full text ;



 http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2010/report-cwal-2010.pdf







 *** NOR IS THE FDA recalling this CWD positive elk meat for the well being of the dead elk ;



 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 Noah’s Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II



 ___________________________________



 http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2009/ENF01099.html




 Wednesday, March 18, 2009



 Noah's Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II





 http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2009/ENF01099.html






 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/03/noahs-ark-holding-llc-dawson-mn-recall.html






 Friday, December 14, 2012



 DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012


 snip...



 In the USA, under the Food and Drug Administration’s BSE Feed Regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) most material (exceptions include milk, tallow, and gelatin) from deer and elk is prohibited for use in feed for ruminant animals. With regards to feed for non-ruminant animals, under FDA law, CWD positive deer may not be used for any animal feed or feed ingredients.




 *** For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA recommends that these animals do not enter the animal feed system.




 *** However, this recommendation is guidance and not a requirement by law.




 Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:



 1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and



 2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.



 Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants.



 The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.



 Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a __greater than negligible risk___ that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB.


 There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products.



 snip...



 36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).



 The clinical signs of CWD in affected adults are weight loss and behavioural changes that can span weeks or months (Williams, 2005). In addition, signs might include excessive salivation, behavioural alterations including a fixed stare and changes in interaction with other animals in the herd, and an altered stance (Williams, 2005). These signs are indistinguishable from cervids experimentally infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).



 Given this, if CWD was to be introduced into countries with BSE such as GB, for example, infected deer populations would need to be tested to differentiate if they were infected with CWD or BSE to minimise the risk of BSE entering the human food-chain via affected venison.



 snip...



 The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008).



 snip...



 In summary, in endemic areas, there is a medium probability that the soil and surrounding environment is contaminated with CWD prions and in a bioavailable form. In rural areas where CWD has not been reported and deer are present, there is a greater than negligible risk the soil is contaminated with CWD prion.



 snip...



 In summary, given the volume of tourists, hunters and servicemen moving between GB and North America, the probability of at least one person travelling to/from a CWD affected area and, in doing so, contaminating their clothing, footwear and/or equipment prior to arriving in GB is greater than negligible. For deer hunters, specifically, the risk is likely to be greater given the increased contact with deer and their environment. However, there is significant uncertainty associated with these estimates.



 snip...



 Therefore, it is considered that farmed and park deer may have a higher probability of exposure to CWD transferred to the environment than wild deer given the restricted habitat range and higher frequency of contact with tourists and returning GB residents.



 snip...

 see full text report here ;

 http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf




 see much more here ;



 Friday, December 14, 2012

 DEFRA U.K. What is the risk of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/defra-uk-what-is-risk-of-chronic.html




 Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability

 Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 -0500

 From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

 To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov


 http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/07/docket-03d-0186-fda-issues-draft.html




 Thursday, June 6, 2013

 BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI ratings as at June 5, 2013

 http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2013/06/bse-tse-prion-usda-fda-mad-cow-feed.html





 Tuesday, June 11, 2013

 Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods 6/1/12 significant deviations from requirements in FDA regulations that are intended to reduce the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) within the United States

 http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2013/06/weld-county-bi-products-dba-fort-morgan.html






 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/






TSS

Introducing a Rigid Loop Structure from Deer into Mouse Prion Protein Increases Its Propensity for Misfolding In Vitro

Research Article

 

 

Introducing a Rigid Loop Structure from Deer into Mouse Prion Protein Increases Its Propensity for Misfolding In Vitro

 

 

Leah M. Kyle, Affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America

 

Theodore R. John, Affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America

 

Hermann M. Schätzl mail, * E-mail: hschatzl@uwyo.edu

 

Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America

 

Randolph V. Lewis Affiliation: Department of Biology and Synthetic Bioproducts Institute, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America

 

 

 

 

Abstract

 

 

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) into the disease-associated isoform (PrPSc) that has increased β-sheet content and partial resistance to proteolytic digestion. Prion diseases from different mammalian species have varying propensities for transmission upon exposure of an uninfected host to the infectious agent. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a highly transmissible prion disease that affects free ranging and farmed populations of cervids including deer, elk and moose, as well as other mammals in experimental settings. The molecular mechanisms allowing CWD to maintain comparatively high transmission rates have not been determined. Previous work has identified a unique structural feature in cervid PrP, a rigid loop between β-sheet 2 and α-helix 2 on the surface of the protein. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the rigid loop has a direct influence on the misfolding process. The rigid loop was introduced into murine PrP as the result of two amino acid substitutions: S170N and N174T. Wild-type and rigid loop murine PrP were expressed in E. coli and purified. Misfolding propensity was compared for the two proteins using biochemical techniques and cell free misfolding and conversion systems. Murine PrP with a rigid loop misfolded in cell free systems with greater propensity than wild type murine PrP. In a lipid-based conversion assay, rigid loop PrP converted to a PK resistant, aggregated isoform at lower concentrations than wild-type PrP. Using both proteins as substrates in real time quaking-induced conversion, rigid loop PrP adopted a misfolded isoform more readily than wild type PrP. Taken together, these findings may help explain the high transmission rates observed for CWD within cervids.

 

Citation: Kyle LM, John TR, Schätzl HM, Lewis RV (2013) Introducing a Rigid Loop Structure from Deer into Mouse Prion Protein Increases Its Propensity for Misfolding In Vitro. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66715. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066715

 

Editor: Jiyan Ma, Ohio State University, United States of America

 

Received: March 25, 2013; Accepted: May 9, 2013; Published: June 25, 2013

 

Copyright: © 2013 Kyle et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

 

Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Department of Defense (DOD 030542, to RVL), the National Institute of Health (R01 NS076853-01A1, to HMS), and was performed within the framework of the Wyoming Endowed Excellence Chair. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

 

Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

 

 

 

 

 

snip...

 

 

 

In summary, introduction of the rigid loop, a structure inherent to cervid PrP, increases the propensity for recombinant mouse PrP to misfold. This was assessed in vitro using both an unseeded, lipid based conversion assay and seeded conversion using RT-QuIC to detect differences in conversion rates between two PrP variants. This finding may have relevance to the high levels of shedding of CWD prions and transmission of CWD among cervids as compared to prion diseases in other species.

 

 

 

 

 

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066715

 

 

 

 

 

disturbing...see this older study about this ;

 

 

 

 

 

Christina Sigurdson

 

Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zurich Switzerland

 

Award: DAMD17-03-1-0320

 

Spongiform Encephalopathy and Prion Plaque Generation by Mouse Transgenesis

 

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a naturally-occurring, geographically widespread prion disease in captive and free-ranging North American deer and elk, with unknown potential as a human health threat. The elk PrPC structure contains a well-defined loop connecting the second strand of the beta sheet with alpha helix 2 (amino acids 165-175) which is rigidified by two local hydrogen bond networks. These hydrogen bond networks are absent from mouse PrPC [1]. We have expressed a PrPC mutant in transgenic mice that mimics the elk "rigid loop" (RL). These transgenic mice develop a spontaneous neurologic disease with 100% penetrance characterized by vacuolar change, gliosis, microglial activation, and PrP plaques in the brain, similar to deer with CWD or patients with variant CJD or Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS), and typical of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.

 

1. Gossert, A.D., et al., Prion protein NMR structures of elk and of mouse/elk hybrids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2005. 102(3): p. 646-50 C. Sigurdsona, M. Heikenwäldera, G. Mancoa, S. Hornemann b, P. Liberskic, J. Pahnkea , F. Baumanna, S. Bonjourb, G. Mielea, L. Stitzd, P. Schwarza, F. Heppnera, M. Glatzela, T. Rülickee, K. Wüthrichb, and A. Aguzzia

 

a. Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, CH- 8091 Zürich, Switzerland

 

b. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Eidgenössischen Technischen

 

 

 

 

 

http://cdmrp.army.mil/prevfunded/nprp/nprp_summit_final_report.pdf

 

 

 

you can see where the research money went here ;

 

 

http://cdmrp.army.mil/pubs/books/nprp02awards.pdf

 

 

 

Tuesday, June 25, 2013

 

Emerging Infectious Diseases (-$2.425 million) This request includes funds to focus on necessary activities for prion disease

 

A FOOLISH MOVE BY THE GOVERNMENT...TSS

 

 

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/emerging-infectious-diseases-2.html

 

 

 

 TSS

Chronic Wasting Disease Not Detected in Ohio Deer out of only 519 samples taken from approximately 720,000 deer March 18, 2013

Chronic Wasting Disease Not Detected in Ohio Deer out of only 519 samples taken from approximately 720,000 deer March 18, 2013



 For Immediate Release


 March 18, 2013


 Chronic Wasting Disease Not Detected in Ohio Deer


 CWD testing performed by Ohio Department of Agriculture



 REYNOLDSBURG, OH – The Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) and the Ohio Department of Agriculture (ODA) announced today that testing of Ohio's deer herd found no evidence of chronic wasting disease (CWD). CWD is a degenerative brain disease that affects elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer.



 According to the ODNR Division of Wildlife, state and federal agriculture and wildlife officials collected 519 samples in 2012. For the 11th consecutive year, all samples were negative for CWD. Since CWD was first discovered in the late 1960s in the western United States, there has been no evidence that the disease can be transmitted to humans.



 Since 2002, the ODNR Division of Wildlife, in conjunction with the ODA Division of Animal Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife and Veterinary Services, has conducted surveillance throughout the state for CWD. While CWD has never been found in Ohio's deer herd, it had been diagnosed in wild and captive deer, moose, or elk in 22 states and two Canadian provinces. Since CWD was discovered in the western United States in the late 1960s, there has been no evidence that the disease can be transmitted to humans.



 The ODNR Division of Wildlife continues to carefully monitor the health of Ohio's wild deer herd throughout the year. Visit ohioagriculture.gov or wildohio.com for the latest information on CWD or the Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance at cwd-info.org. All CWD testing is performed at the ODA Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.



 - 30 -



 For more information, contact:

 Erica Hawkins, ODA Office of Communications

 614-752-9817

 Vicki Ervin, ODNR Office of Communications

 614-265-6325



 http://www.agri.ohio.gov/public_docs/news/2013/03.18.13%20Chronic%20Wasting%20Disease%20Not%20Detected%20in%20Ohio%20Deer.pdf






 2011 UPDATE

 The fall herd is estimated at 725,000 deer


 http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/wild_resourcessubhomepage/ResearchandSurveys/WildlifePopulationStatusLandingPage/WhitetailedDeer/tabid/19330/Default.aspx






 519 samples tested for cwd from some 720,000 + deer, still not near enough CWD testing, in my opinion, to properly account for CWD in the Ohio cervid population. ...tss





 901:1-1-02 Recordkeeping for captive whitetail deer.

 (A) Beginning one hundred-eighty days after the effective date of this rule, owners of monitored captive deer, captive deer with status, and captive deer with certified chronic wasting disease status shall maintain a current inventory report which shall include the following information on animals present in the herd:

 (1) Identification numbers from required identification in rule 901:1-1-01 of the Administrative Code;

 (2) Sex and age;

 (3) Date of entry and herd of origin of acquired animals

 (4) Movement of animals including identification, date and reason for movement:

 (a) All incoming animals including breeding animals and fawns must be included on the inventory.

 (b) All animals leaving the herd for any reason, including death, must be reported on the inventory.

 (B) Owners of monitored captive deer shall report to the chief, division of animal health or his representative the following information:

 (1) Animals which escape or are stolen from herd enclosure must be reported within twenty-four hours upon discovery with the following information:

 (a) Identification numbers from required identification in rule 901:1-1-01 of the Administrative Code;

 (b) Sex and date of birth; and,

 (c) Date of escape or theft;

 (2) Acquisitions to the herd. The following information must be supplied for any animals entering the herd for any reason:

 (a) Identification numbers from required identification rule 901:1-1-01 of the Administrative Code;

 (b) Sex, date of birth, date acquired;

 (c) From whom they were purchased with name address and status of herd of origin; within seven days of entering herd.

 (C) Any captive whitetail deer that escapes or is stolen, and is subsequently returned to the owner must be reported to the department immediately. The date of return to the herd is for the purposes of this chapter the date the return is reported to the department. The chief, division of animal health, may quarantine or revoke the chronic wasting disease status of a returned animal.

 (D) Records must be retained on each animal for five years after removal from the herd for any reason.

 Effective: 10/15/2012 R.C. 119.032 review dates: 10/15/2017 Promulgated Under: 119.03 Statutory Authority: 943.24 Rule Amplifies: 943.24



 http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901:1-1-02



 http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A1-1



 http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/1501:31-19-04





 Scrapie Ohio


 http://codes.ohio.gov/oac/901%3A1-13






 see higher rate of scrapie in goats in Ohio


 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/scrapie/downloads/yearly_report.pdf






 Friday, March 16, 2012

 OHIO TURNS OVER CERVID GAME FARMS (and CWD risk) TO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, GOD HELP THEM

 As Passed by the Senate

 129th General Assembly Regular Session 2011-2012 Am. H. B. No. 389



 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/ohio-turns-over-cervid-game-farms-and.html







 cwd not detected in Ohio deer 2012



 http://www.qdma.com/forums/showthread.php?t=55767







 Monday, June 11, 2012

 OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting


 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/06/ohio-captive-deer-escapees-and-non.html







 captive cervid breeding


 http://wildlife.org/documents/policy/fact-sheets/captive-cervid-breeding.pdf






 Thursday, June 20, 2013

 atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update


 http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/atypical-bse-cwd-scrapie-captive-farmed.html






 Monday, June 24, 2013

 The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry Following its Discovery


 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-effects-of-chronic-wasting-disease.html







 Tuesday, June 25, 2013


 Emerging Infectious Diseases (-$2.425 million) This request includes funds to focus on necessary activities for prion disease


 A FOOLISH MOVE BY THE GOVERNMENT...TSS



 http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/emerging-infectious-diseases-2.html






 tss

Immunization with a Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Fails to Protect Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Chronic Wasting Disease

Immunization with a Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Fails to Protect Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from Chronic Wasting Disease

 

 

 

John L. Pilon1,7, Jack C. Rhyan2, Lisa L. Wolfe3, Tracy R. Davis3, Matt P. McCollum2, Katherine I. O’Rourke4,6, Terry R. Spraker5, Kurt C. VerCauteren1, Michael W. Miller3, Thomas Gidlewski1, Tracy A. Nichols1, Lowell A. Miller1 and Pauline Nol2,8

 

 

 

+ Author Affiliations

 

 

 

1United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Wildlife Services (WS), National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA 2USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services, NWRC, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA 3Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA 4USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA 5Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA 6Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA ↵8 Corresponding author (email: pauline.nol@aphis.usda.gov) Abstract Chronic wasting disease (CWD) adversely affects both wild and captive cervid populations. A vaccine to prevent CWD would be a highly desirable tool to aid in disease management. To this end, we tested in mule deer a combination of CWD vaccines consisting of cervid prion peptide sequences 168-VDQYNNQNTFVHDC-182 and 145-NDYEDRYYRENMYRYPNQ-164 that had previously been shown to delay onset of clinical disease and increase survival in a mouse-adapted scrapie model. Thirteen captive mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were divided into vaccine (n=7) and control groups (n=6), and given prime and boost vaccinations intramuscularly 5 wk apart. Eight weeks postprime (3 wk postboost), all animals were challenged via natural exposure to an environment contaminated with infective CWD prions. Deer were monitored intermittently for prion infection by rectal and tonsil biopsies beginning 275 days postchallenge. All vaccinates responded to both peptide conjugates present in the combination vaccine as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. However, all deer eventually became infected regardless of vaccine status.

 

 

 

http://www.jwildlifedis.org/content/49/3/694.abstract

 

 

 

Monday, June 24, 2013

 

The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry Following its Discovery

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-effects-of-chronic-wasting-disease.html

 

 

 

Thursday, June 20, 2013

 

atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update

 

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/atypical-bse-cwd-scrapie-captive-farmed.html

 

 

 

Tuesday, June 25, 2013

 

Emerging Infectious Diseases (-$2.425 million) This request includes funds to focus on necessary activities for prion disease

 

A FOOLISH MOVE BY THE GOVERNMENT...TSS

 

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/emerging-infectious-diseases-2.html

 

 

 

 

TSS

The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry Following its Discovery

The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Cervid Industry Following its Discovery

 

By

 

Maria Romano, Master of Public Health Candidate

 

June 2012

 

 A Community Based Master’s Project presented to the faculty of Drexel School of Public Health in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Public Health

 

 ABSTRACT

 

The Effects of Chronic Wasting Disease on the Pennsylvania Following its Discovery

 

Maria Romano MPH1,Jana Mossey PhD MPH MSN1, Tony Grubesic PhD2David Zellner DVM DACVP3, Jennifer Miller PhD4 ,Gary Smith PhD5 and Sky Pellitier5

 

1Drexel University School of Public Health, 2Drexel University College of Information Science and Technology, 3Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Bureau of Animal Health,4Department of Geography and the Environment,University of Texas at Austin, 5New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

 

 Background: Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) affecting deer and Rocky Mountain elk. The disease affects the central nervous system resulting in brain lesions, and once infected, the disease has a 100% case fatality rate. CWD is a major concern for the state of Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth has the second largest domestic cervid industry in the country and is third in the country for the number of captive deer or elk.

 

 Objective: To predict, using captive cervid data, the probable spread and effects of a CWD epidemic within the deer industry

 

 Design: Computer simulated epidemic outbreaks of CWD using a deer movement network analysis and traditional gravity model were developed

 

 Setting: The Pennsylvania captive cervid industry, 1997-2011

 

 Data Sources: United States Animal Health Emergency Reporting Diagnostic System Database

 

 Results: 10,000 CWD simulations were 1108 farms, 65% of epidemics were relatively mild, (<14 121-259="" 14="" 159="" 48="" 571="" 620.5="" 666="" addition="" div="" epidemics="" farm.="" farm="" farms="" in="" included="" index="" infected="" length="" mean="" months="" of="" one="" only="" range="" severe="" the="" to="" was="">

 

 Conclusion: Despite the inherent limitations of the model, this study is the first of its kind to develop a potential spread of CWD using actual captive deer data before the introduction of the disease into a state. As a result, the findings of the study can be used as an instructional tool on the effects of CWD in the event of an outbreak.

 

 snip...

 

 IX. Conclusion and Recommendations

 

The study predicted the probable spread of CWD in PA using actual cervid movement data, GIS techniques and a simulation model derived from Foot and Mouth Disease in the U.K. The results indicate that, at least, entrance of an infected cervid will have a substantial, localized impact.

Otherwise, an infectious cervid entering the captive population could (over an extended number of years) devastate the commercial cervid industry in the Commonwealth.

 

 http://idea.library.drexel.edu/bitstream/1860/3941/1/Romano,%20M.pdf

 

 What are the affects to other states of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD Cervid captive shooting pen, game farm, Industry Following its Discovery

 

 MORE BAD NEWS FOR TEXAS. if it were not bad enough that CWD has been waltzing across Texas from New Mexico since 2001 or earlier, and the shooting pen industry gone wild in Texas, we now have Louisiana cervids, 6 of which are does from the CWD index heard in Pennsylvania, right at our border in Lake Charles. are these CWD suspect cervids now waltzing into Texas from CWD index herd in Pennsylvania, via Louisiana, or via Missouri now ?

 

 Tuesday, May 28, 2013

 

Chronic Wasting Disease CWD quarantine Louisiana via CWD index herd Pennsylvania Update May 28, 2013

 

6 doe from Pennsylvania CWD index herd still on the loose in Louisiana, quarantine began on October 18, 2012, still ongoing, Lake Charles premises.

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/05/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-quarantine.html

 

 Tuesday, June 11, 2013

 

CWD GONE WILD, More cervid escapees from more shooting pens on the loose in Pennsylvania

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/cwd-gone-wild-more-cervid-escapees

 

 Wednesday, June 12, 2013

 

CWD now waltzing into Texas from Pennsylvania CWD index herd, via Louisiana, or Missouri now ?

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/cwd-now-waltzing-into-texas-from.html

 

 Thursday, June 20, 2013

 

*** atypical, BSE, CWD, Scrapie, Captive Farmed shooting pens (livestock), Wild Cervids, Rectal Mucosa Biopsy 2012 USAHA Proceedings, and CJD TSE prion Update

 

http://transmissiblespongiformencephalopathy.blogspot.com/2013/06/atypical-bse-cwd-scrapie-captive-farmed.html

 

 Saturday, February 04, 2012

 

Wisconsin 16 MONTH age limit on testing dead deer Game Farm CWD Testing Protocol Needs To Be Revised

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/02/wisconsin-16-age-limit-on-testing-dead.html

 

 Monday, June 11, 2012

 

OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/06/ohio-captive-deer-escapees-and-non.html

 

 Friday, September 28, 2012

 

Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/09/stray-elk-renews-concerns-about-deer.html

 

 Thursday, June 13, 2013

 

WISCONSIN DEER FARMING Chronic Wasting Disease CWD DATCP

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/wisconsin-deer-farming-chronic-wasting.html

 

 Tuesday, June 11, 2013

 

CWD GONE WILD, More cervid escapees from more shooting pens on the loose in Pennsylvania

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/cwd-gone-wild-more-cervid-escapees-from.html

 

 Sunday, June 09, 2013

 

Missouri House forms 13-member Interim Committee on the Cause and Spread of Chronic Wasting Disease CWD

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/06/missouri-house-forms-13-member-interim.html

 

 CWD mortality

 

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES FOR WILDLIFE MANAGERS

 

Excerpted and modified from a paper presented at the 67th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, April 2002. By Elizabeth S. Williams, Michael W. Miller and E. Tom Thorne. Original paper may be accessed through the Bibliography.

 

 Chronic wasting disease can reach remarkably high prevalence in captive cervid populations. In one infected research facility, more than 90% of mule deer resident for >2 years died or were euthanized while suffering from CWD. Recently, high CWD prevalence (about 50%) has been demonstrated via immunohistochemistry in white-tailed deer confined in association with an infected Nebraska elk farm. Among captive elk, CWD was the primary cause of adult mortality (five of seven, 71%; four of 23, 23%) in two research herds (Miller et al. 1998) and high prevalence (59%) was detected by immunohistochemistry in a group of 17 elk slaughtered from an infected farm herd.

 

To estimate prevalence in infected free-ranging populations, tissues from deer and elk harvested by hunters in CWD-endemic areas have been collected and examined at random. Within endemic areas, prevalence of preclinical CWD, based on immunohistochemistry for PrPCWD, has been estimated at <1-15 a="" achieve="" and="" cwd="" deer="" div="" elk.="" epidemics="" equilibrium="" extinctions="" failed="" if="" in="" infected="" lead="" left="" local="" may="" modeled="" mule="" of="" populations="" steady-state="" suggesting="" that="" to="" unmanaged.="">

 

 https://www.legis.iowa.gov/DOCS/LSA/SC_MaterialsDist/2005/SDDFK024.PDF

 

 In most locations reporting CWD cases in free-ranging animals, the disease continues to emerge in wider geographic areas, and prevalence appears to be increasing in many disease-endemic areas. Areas of Wyoming now have an apparent CWD prevalence of near 50% in mule deer, and prevalence in areas of Colorado and Wisconsin is <15 0="" 10="" 5="" according="" agencies.="" and="" areas="" between="" but="" data="" deer.="" deer="" div="" elk="" from="" however="" in="" is="" lower="" many="" obtained="" of="" parts="" prevalence="" provincial="" reaches="" remains="" reports="" state="" than="" to="" wildlife="" wyoming.="">

 

Long-term effects of CWD on cervid populations and ecosystems remain unclear as the disease continues to spread and prevalence increases. In captive herds, CWD might persist at high levels and lead to complete herd destruction in the absence of human culling. Epidemiologic modeling suggests the disease could have severe effects on free-ranging deer populations, depending on hunting policies and environmental persistence (8,9). CWD has been associated with large decreases in free-ranging mule deer populations in an area of high CWD prevalence (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (5).

 

 More than 1,060,000 free-ranging cervids have reportedly been tested for CWD (Figure 2, panel B) and ≈6,000 cases have been identified (Figure 2, panel C) according to data from state and provincial wildlife agencies.

 

 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/3/11-0685_article.htm

 

 In addition to locations of known CWD-positive individuals, other spatial risk factors related to CWD exposure should be considered. For example, the risk of free-ranging animals being exposed to CWD is likely greater in areas where captive cervid facilities have or had CWD-positive animals. Current evidence indicates that CWD infection rates are much higher in captive facilities than in wild populations (Keane and others, 2008), and perhaps this is driven by environmental contamination (Miller and others, 2006). This higher rate of infection in captive animals can increase the risk of disease exposure to surrounding wild populations. Furthermore, movement of infectious animals, carcasses, or other materials across the landscape, naturally or with human assistance, likely increases the risk to uninfected populations. The frequent movement of farmed elk (Cervus elaphus) and deer between production facilities, the concentration of infected animals on some facilities, and the possibility of their escape into the wild increases the risk of spreading CWD to uninfected populations of free-ranging animals. Because the infectious prions may persist in the environment for long periods, the introduction of either captive or free-ranging uninfected animals into a contaminated environment could increase their risk of infection. For example, locations from which sheep have been removed may remain contaminated with scrapie agent for more than 15 years (Georgsson and others, 2006). In a similar manner, translocation of cervids from areas that have not been documented to be CWD-free could pose a risk of disease introduction. In this situation, the risk of introduction is likely related to the probability of infected animals being moved and their ability to spread CWD to other susceptible animals or into the environment. Thus, surveillance on and around cervid farms or free-ranging populations that have received animals from known CWD areas and bordering jurisdictions with CWD-positive animals can increase the likelihood of disease spread. Additional risk factors, such as the presence of scrapie in sheep populations that are sympatric with deer and elk (Greenlee and others, 2011), feeding of animal protein to cervids (Johnson, McKenzie, and others, 2011), baiting and feeding programs (Thompson and others, 2008), or other environmental factors also may be considered, although their roles in CWD epidemiology has not been clearly established.

 

 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1036/pdf/ofr2012_1036.pdf

 

 considering the high usage of animal protein in captive farms for enhancement of growth of cervids, and considering, it’s still o.k. to feed cervids from high risk CWD areas, back to cervids in the form of a by-product in animal feed, I would say this is another vector of transmission of CWD and risk factor due to shooting pens. now, I am sure there are a few wild cervid hunters (not livestock shooters), that also bait cervids with the same type animal protein, but the shooting pens are the ones that continue to use this in mass...tss

 

 DEFRA

 

 What is the risk of chronic wasting disease being introduced into Great Britain? A Qualitative Risk Assessment October 2012

 

Several different animal feed products are imported into GB from North America.

 

These include processed pet foods and consignments of unfinished feed ingredients for use in animal feed. The amount of imported feed, including pet food, that contains cervid protein is unknown and identified as a significant data gap.

 

As non-ruminant animal feed may be produced with cervid protein (but not from positive CWD animals) in the United States (US), there is a greater than negligible risk that feed with cervid protein is imported from North America into GB. There is, however, uncertainty associated with this estimate.

 

 snip...

 

 For elk and deer considered at high risk for CWD, the FDA _recommends_ that these animals do not enter the animal feed system.

 

However, this recommendation is guidance and _not_ a requirement by law.

 

Animals considered at high risk for CWD include:

 

 1) animals from areas declared to be endemic for CWD and/or to be CWD eradication zones and

 

2) deer and elk that at some time during the 60-month period prior to slaughter were in a captive herd that contained a CWD-positive animal.

 

 Therefore, in the USA, materials from cervids other than CWD positive animals may be used in animal feed and feed ingredients for non-ruminants. The amount of animal PAP that is of deer and/or elk origin imported from the USA to GB can not be determined, however, as it is not specified in TRACES. It may constitute a small percentage of the 8412 kilos of non-fish origin processed animal proteins that were imported from US into GB in 2011.

 

 Overall, therefore, it is considered there is a greater than negligible risk that (nonruminant) animal feed and pet food containing deer and/or elk protein is imported into GB. There is uncertainty associated with this estimate given the lack of data on the amount of deer and/or elk protein possibly being imported in these products.

 

 snip...

 

 This more widespread distribution may be due to enhanced surveillance but also to natural migration of cervids and translocation of infected animals by humans (EFSA, 2011). Within affected areas, the prevalence varies. In the endemic area of Wyoming, for example, the prevalence of CWD in mule deer has increased from approximately 11% in 1997 to 36% in 2007 (Almberg et al., 2011). In such areas, population declines of deer of up to 30 to 50% have been observed (Almberg et al., 2011). In areas of Colorado, the prevalence can be as high as 30% (EFSA, 2011).

 

 snip...

 

 The rate of transmission of CWD has been reported to be as high as 30% and can approach 100% among captive animals in endemic areas (Safar et al., 2008). The efficiency of CWD transmission is unparalleled among TSE diseases (EFSA, 2011). Trifilo et al., (2007), using a murine tg mouse model, established that CWD can be transmitted via the oral route.

 

 http://www.defra.gov.uk/animal-diseases/files/qra_chronic-wasting-disease-121029.pdf

 

 Tuesday, June 11, 2013

 

Weld County Bi-Products dba Fort Morgan Pet Foods 6/1/12 significant deviations from requirements in FDA regulations that are intended to reduce the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) within the United States

 

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2013/06/weld-county-bi-products-dba-fort-morgan.html

 

 Subject: MAD COW FEED RECALL AL AND FL VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE 125 TONS Products manufactured from 02/01/2005 until 06/06/2006

 

Date: August 6, 2006 at 6:16 pm PST PRODUCT

 

 a) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish, Recall # V-100-6;

 

 b) Performance Sheep Pell W/Decox/A/N, medicated, net wt. 50 lbs, Recall # V-101-6;

 

 c) Pro 40% Swine Conc Meal -- 50 lb, Recall # V-102-6;

 

 d) CO-OP 32% Sinking Catfish Food Medicated, Recall # V-103-6;

 

 ==========================================

 

 e) "Big Jim's" BBB Deer Ration, Big Buck Blend, Recall # V-104-6;

 

 =================================

 

 SNIP...please see full text ;

 

 Thursday, June 6, 2013

 

BSE TSE PRION USDA FDA MAD COW FEED COMPLIANCE REPORT and NAI, OAI, and VAI ratings as at June 5, 2013

 

http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2013/06/bse-tse-prion-usda-fda-mad-cow-feed.html

 

 

 

DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 -0500 EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1

 

 http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/Jun03/060903/060903.htm

 

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys/03/oct03/100203/100203.htm

 

 

 

-------- Original Message --------

 

 Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability

 

Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 –0500

 

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr." To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov

 

Greetings FDA,

 

i would kindly like to comment on;

 

Docket 03D-0186

 

FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability

 

Several factors on this apparent voluntary proposal disturbs me greatly, please allow me to point them out;

 

1. MY first point is the failure of the partial ruminant-to-ruminant feed ban of 8/4/97. this partial and voluntary feed ban of some ruminant materials being fed back to cattle is terribly flawed. without the _total_ and _mandatory_ ban of all ruminant materials being fed back to ruminants including cattle, sheep, goat, deer, elk and mink, chickens, fish (all farmed animals for human/animal consumption), this half ass measure will fail terribly, as in the past decades...

 

2. WHAT about sub-clinical TSE in deer and elk? with the recent findings of deer fawns being infected with CWD, how many could possibly be sub-clinically infected. until we have a rapid TSE test to assure us that all deer/elk are free of disease (clinical and sub-clinical), we must ban not only documented CWD infected deer/elk, but healthy ones as well. it this is not done, they system will fail...

 

3. WE must ban not only CNS (SRMs specified risk materials), but ALL tissues. recent new and old findings support infectivity in the rump or ass muscle. wether it be low or high, accumulation will play a crucial role in TSEs.

 

4. THERE are and have been for some time many TSEs in the USA. TME in mink, Scrapie in Sheep and Goats, and unidentified TSE in USA cattle. all this has been proven, but the TSE in USA cattle has been totally ignored for decades. i will document this data below in my references.

 

5. UNTIL we ban all ruminant by-products from being fed back to ALL ruminants, until we rapid TSE test (not only deer/elk) but cattle in sufficient numbers to find (1 million rapid TSE test in USA cattle annually for 5 years), any partial measures such as the ones proposed while ignoring sub-clinical TSEs and not rapid TSE testing cattle, not closing down feed mills that continue to violate the FDA's BSE feed regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) and not making freely available those violations, will only continue to spread these TSE mad cow agents in the USA. I am curious what we will call a phenotype in a species that is mixed with who knows how many strains of scrapie, who knows what strain or how many strains of TSE in USA cattle, and the CWD in deer and elk (no telling how many strains there), but all of this has been rendered for animal feeds in the USA for decades. it will get interesting once someone starts looking in all species, including humans here in the USA, but this has yet to happen...

 

6. IT is paramount that CJD be made reportable in every state (especially ''sporadic'' cjd), and that a CJD Questionnaire must be issued to every family of a victim of TSE. only checking death certificates will not be sufficient. this has been proven as well (see below HISTORY OF CJD -- CJD QUESTIONNAIRE)

 

7. WE must learn from our past mistakes, not continue to make the same mistakes...

 

 REFERENCES

 

 >>> These findings support oral exposure as a natural route of CWD infection in deer and support oral inoculation as a reasonable exposure route for experimental studies of CWD.

 

 snip...

 

 http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/80/10/2757

 

 PLEASE SEE FULL TEXT SUBMISSION ;

 

 Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability

 

Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 -0500

 

From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."

 

To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov

 

 http://madcowfeed.blogspot.com/2008/07/docket-03d-0186-fda-issues-draft.html

 

 Dear Fellow Hunters, Sportsman, livestock producers and their clients, politicians and their corporate lobbyist,

 

do these owners of these shooting pens then have insurance to cover the cost to the state and taxpayers for each one of these game farms that come up positive for CWD, and the cost there after for 5 or 10 years for one cwd infected farm ?

 

if not, why not ?

 

how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from, each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd infected cervid game ranch type farms ?

 

(how many?) game farms in a state X $465,000., do all these game farms have insurance to pay for this risk of infected the wild cervid herds, in each state ?

 

 Tuesday, December 20, 2011

 

CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm Update DECEMBER 2011

 

The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American captive herd.

 

RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for $465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and approve the restrictions on public use of the site.

 

Form 1100-001

 

(R 2/11)

 

NATURAL RESOURCES BOARD AGENDA ITEM

 

SUBJECT: Information Item: Almond Deer Farm Update

 

FOR: DECEMBER 2011 BOARD MEETING

 

TUESDAY

 

TO BE PRESENTED BY TITLE: Tami Ryan, Wildlife Health Section Chief

 

 SUMMARY:

 

http://dnr.wi.gov/about/nrb/2011/december/12-11-2b2.pdf

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2011/12/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-wisconsin.html

 

 NOW, what about the OTHER SIDE OF THE STORY ON SHOOTING PENS GAME FARMS, livestock there from, AND CWD. ...

 

 2012 CDC REPORT ON CWD

 

Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012 Synopsis Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease

 

snip...

 

Prevalence and Surveillance

 

Originally recognized only in southeastern Wyoming and northeastern Colorado, USA, CWD was reported in Canada in 1996 and Wisconsin in 2001 and continues to be identified in new geographic locations (Figure 1, panel A). CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2 Canadian provinces and in ≈100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in South Korea (Figure 1, panel B).

 

snip...

 

CWD surveillance programs are now in place in almost all US states and Canadian provinces (Figure 2, panel A). More than 1,060,000 free-ranging cervids have reportedly been tested for CWD (Figure 2, panel B) and ≈6,000 cases have been identified (Figure 2, panel C) according to data from state and provincial wildlife agencies.

 

snip...

 

Testing of captive cervids is routine in most states and provinces, but varies considerably in scope from mandatory testing of all dead animals to voluntary herd certification programs or mandatory testing of only animals suspected of dying of CWD.

 

snip...

 

Long-term effects of CWD on cervid populations and ecosystems remain unclear as the disease continues to spread and prevalence increases. In captive herds, CWD might persist at high levels and lead to complete herd destruction in the absence of human culling. Epidemiologic modeling suggests the disease could have severe effects on free-ranging deer populations, depending on hunting policies and environmental persistence (8,9). CWD has been associated with large decreases in free-ranging mule deer populations in an area of high CWD prevalence (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (5). In addition, CWD-infected deer are selectively preyed upon by mountain lions (5), and may also be more vulnerable to vehicle collisions (10). Long-term effects of the disease may vary considerably geographically, not only because of local hunting policies, predator populations, and human density (e.g., vehicular collisions) but also because of local environmental factors such as soil type (11) and local cervid population factors, such as genetics and movement patterns (S.E. Saunders, unpub. data).

 

snip...

 

Controlling the spread of CWD, especially by human action, is a more attainable goal than eradication. Human movement of cervids has likely led to spread of CWD in facilities for captive animals, which has most likely contributed to establishment of new disease foci in free-ranging populations (Figure 1, panel A). Thus, restrictions on human movement of cervids from disease-endemic areas or herds continue to be warranted. Anthropogenic factors that increase cervid congregation such as baiting and feeding should also be restricted to reduce CWD transmission. Appropriate disposal of carcasses of animals with suspected CWD is necessary to limit environmental contamination (20), and attractive onsite disposal options such as composting and burial require further investigation to determine contamination risks. The best options for lowering the risk for recurrence in facilities for captive animals with outbreaks are complete depopulation, stringent exclusion of free-ranging cervids, and disinfection of all exposed surfaces. However, even the most extensive decontamination measures may not be sufficient to eliminate the risk for disease recurrence (20; S.E. Saunders et al. unpub. data)

 

 http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/3/11-0685_article.htm

 

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/3/11-0685_article.htm

 

http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/3/11-0685-f1.htm

 

 Wednesday, January 02, 2013

 

Iowa Third Deer Positive CWD at Davis County Hunting Preserve Captive Shooting Pen

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/01/iowa-third-deer-positive-cwd-at-davis.html

 

 Tuesday, March 26, 2013

 

CWD Missouri remains confined to Linn-Macon-County Core Area with four new cases

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/03/cwd-missouri-remains-confined-to-linn.html

 

 Tuesday, November 13, 2012

 

ILLINOIS CWD UPDATE NOVEMBER 2012

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/illinois-cwd-update-november-2012.html

 

 Wednesday, January 16, 2013

 

Illinois DuPage county deer found with Chronic Wasting Disease CWD

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/01/illinois-dupage-county-deer-found-with.html

 

 Tuesday, April 16, 2013

 

Cervid Industry Unites To Set Direction for CWD Reform and seem to ignore their ignorance and denial in their role in spreading Chronic Wasting Disease

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/04/cervid-industry-unites-to-set-direction.html

 

 Saturday, April 13, 2013

 

Tennessee Launches CWD Herd Certification Program in the wake of legislation for game farms

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/04/tennessee-launches-cwd-herd.html

 

 Tuesday, April 02, 2013

 

IMPORTANT: Cervid Industry and State Veterinarians on Rewriting Chronic Wasting Disease Rule

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/04/important-cervid-industry-and-state.html

 

 Wednesday, November 14, 2012

 

PENNSYLVANIA 2012 THE GREAT ESCAPE OF CWD INVESTIGATION MOVES INTO LOUISIANA and INDIANA

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/pennsylvania-2012-great-escape-of-cwd_14.html

 

 Pennsylvania CWD number of deer exposed and farms there from much greater than first thought

 

Published: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 10:44 PM Updated: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 11:33 PM

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/pennsylvania-cwd-number-of-deer-exposed.html

 

 Tuesday, October 23, 2012

 

PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/10/pa-captive-deer-from-cwd-positive-farm.html

 

 HERE, we see why these shooting pen owners some much like the USDA oversight of these game farms ;

 

 USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”

 

 problem solved $$$...TSS

 

 Sunday, January 06, 2013

 

USDA TO PGC ONCE CAPTIVES ESCAPE "it‘s no longer its business.”

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/01/usda-to-pgc-once-captives-escape-its-no.html

 

 what happened to the PA deer from the CWD index heard that went to Louisiana ???

 

or Indiana ???

 

 Monday, April 15, 2013

 

Deer farmers in the state of Louisiana are under a quarantine due to Chronic Wasting Disease CWD

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/04/deer-farmers-in-state-of-louisiana-are.html

 

 Monday, June 11, 2012

 

OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/06/ohio-captive-deer-escapees-and-non.html

 

 pens, PENS, PENS ???

 

 *** Spraker suggested an interesting explanation for the occurrence of CWD. The deer pens at the Foot Hills Campus were built some 30-40 years ago by a Dr. Bob Davis. At or abut that time, allegedly, some scrapie work was conducted at this site. When deer were introduced to the pens they occupied ground that had previously been occupied by sheep.

 

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102193705/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/mb/m11b/tab01.pdf

 

 now, decades later ;

 

 2012

 

PO-039: A comparison of scrapie and chronic wasting disease in white-tailed deer

 

Justin Greenlee, Jodi Smith, Eric Nicholson US Dept. Agriculture; Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center; Ames, IA USA

 

Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. The purpose of these experiments was to determine susceptibility of white-tailed deer (WTD) to scrapie and to compare the resultant clinical signs, lesions, and molecular profiles of PrPSc to those of chronic wasting disease (CWD). We inoculated WTD intracranially (IC; n = 5) and by a natural route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal (IN); n = 5) with a US scrapie isolate. All deer were inoculated with a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate from sheep with scrapie (1ml IC, 1 ml IN, 30 ml oral). All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc accumulation. PrPSc was detected in lymphoid tissues as early as 7 months-post-inoculation (PI) and a single deer that was necropsied at 15.6 months had widespread distribution of PrPSc highlighting that PrPSc is widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues prior to the onset of clinical signs. IC inoculated deer necropsied after 20 months PI (3/5) had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in WTD after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile similar to CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of WTD were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for PrPSc by IHC and WB. Similar to IC inoculated deer, samples from these deer exhibited two different molecular profiles: samples from obex resembled CWD whereas those from cerebrum were similar to the original scrapie inoculum. On further examination by WB using a panel of antibodies, the tissues from deer with scrapie exhibit properties differing from tissues either from sheep with scrapie or WTD with CWD. Samples from WTD with CWD or sheep with scrapie are strongly immunoreactive when probed with mAb P4, however, samples from WTD with scrapie are only weakly immunoreactive. In contrast, when probed with mAb’s 6H4 or SAF 84, samples from sheep with scrapie and WTD with CWD are weakly immunoreactive and samples from WTD with scrapie are strongly positive. This work demonstrates that WTD are highly susceptible to sheep scrapie, but on first passage, scrapie in WTD is differentiable from CWD.

 

http://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/prion/03-Prion6-2-Transmission-and-strains.pdf

 

 2011

 

*** After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie.

 

http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf

 

 Scrapie in Deer: Comparisons and Contrasts to Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

 

Justin J. Greenlee of the Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA provided a presentation on scrapie and CWD in inoculated deer. Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. We inoculated white-tailed deer intracranially (IC) and by a natural route of exposure (concurrent oral and intranasal inoculation) with a US scrapie isolate. All deer inoculated by the intracranial route had evidence of PrPSc accumulation and those necropsied after 20 months post-inoculation (PI) (3/5) had clinical signs, spongiform encephalopathy, and widespread distribution of PrPSc in neural and lymphoid tissues. A single deer that was necropsied at 15.6 months PI did not have clinical signs, but had widespread distribution of PrPSc. This highlights the facts that 1) prior to the onset of clinical signs PrPSc is widely distributed in the CNS and lymphoid tissues and 2) currently used diagnostic methods are sufficient to detect PrPSc prior to the onset of clinical signs. The results of this study suggest that there are many similarities in the manifestation of CWD and scrapie in white-tailed deer after IC inoculation including early and widespread presence of PrPSc in lymphoid tissues, clinical signs of depression and weight loss progressing to wasting, and an incubation time of 21-23 months. Moreover, western blots (WB) done on brain material from the obex region have a molecular profile consistent with CWD and distinct from tissues of the cerebrum or the scrapie inoculum. However, results of microscopic and IHC examination indicate that there are differences between the lesions expected in CWD and those that occur in deer with scrapie: amyloid plaques were not noted in any sections of brain examined from these deer and the pattern of immunoreactivity by IHC was diffuse rather than plaque-like. After a natural route of exposure, 100% of white-tailed deer were susceptible to scrapie. Deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 months PI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. While two WB patterns have been detected in brain regions of deer inoculated by the natural route, unlike the IC inoculated deer, the pattern similar to the scrapie inoculum predominates.

 

Committee Business:

 

The Committee discussed and approved three resolutions regarding CWD. They can be found in the report of the Reswolutions Committee. Essentially the resolutions urged USDA-APHIS-VS to:

 

Continue to provide funding for CWD testing of captive cervids

 

Finalize and publish the national CWD rule for Herd Certification and Interstate Movement

 

Evaluate live animal test, including rectal mucosal biopsy, for CWD in cervids

 

http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2011/report-cwal-2011.pdf

 

 2011 Annual Report

 

Research Project: TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES Location: Virus and Prion Research Unit

 

2011 Annual Report

 

In Objective 1, Assess cross-species transmissibility of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in livestock and wildlife, numerous experiments assessing the susceptibility of various TSEs in different host species were conducted. Most notable is deer inoculated with scrapie, which exhibits similarities to chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer suggestive of sheep scrapie as an origin of CWD.

 

snip...

 

4.Accomplishments 1. Deer inoculated with domestic isolates of sheep scrapie. Scrapie-affected deer exhibit 2 different patterns of disease associated prion protein. In some regions of the brain the pattern is much like that observed for scrapie, while in others it is more like chronic wasting disease (CWD), the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy typically associated with deer. This work conducted by ARS scientists at the National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA suggests that an interspecies transmission of sheep scrapie to deer may have been the origin of CWD. This is important for husbandry practices with both captive deer, elk and sheep for farmers and ranchers attempting to keep their herds and flocks free of CWD and scrapie.

 

 http://ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=411467&showpars=true&fy=2011

 

 White-tailed Deer are Susceptible to Scrapie by Natural Route of Infection

 

Jodi D. Smith, Justin J. Greenlee, and Robert A. Kunkle; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS

 

Interspecies transmission studies afford the opportunity to better understand the potential host range and origins of prion diseases. Previous experiments demonstrated that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep-derived scrapie by intracranial inoculation. The purpose of this study was to determine susceptibility of white-tailed deer to scrapie after a natural route of exposure. Deer (n=5) were inoculated by concurrent oral (30 ml) and intranasal (1 ml) instillation of a 10% (wt/vol) brain homogenate derived from a sheep clinically affected with scrapie. Non-inoculated deer were maintained as negative controls. All deer were observed daily for clinical signs. Deer were euthanized and necropsied when neurologic disease was evident, and tissues were examined for abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB). One animal was euthanized 15 months post-inoculation (MPI) due to an injury. At that time, examination of obex and lymphoid tissues by IHC was positive, but WB of obex and colliculus were negative. Remaining deer developed clinical signs of wasting and mental depression and were necropsied from 28 to 33 MPI. Tissues from these deer were positive for scrapie by IHC and WB. Tissues with PrPSc immunoreactivity included brain, tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, hemal node, Peyer’s patches, and spleen. This work demonstrates for the first time that white-tailed deer are susceptible to sheep scrapie by potential natural routes of inoculation. In-depth analysis of tissues will be done to determine similarities between scrapie in deer after intracranial and oral/intranasal inoculation and chronic wasting disease resulting from similar routes of inoculation.

 

see full text ;

 

http://www.usaha.org/Portals/6/Reports/2010/report-cwal-2010.pdf

 

 *** NEED TO KNOW ***

 

 i have included in this report, SOME HISTORY ON CAPTIVE SHOOTING PENS IN NORTH AMERICA, AND CWD THERE FROM...

 

 Elk & game farming in other states Utah Fish and Game Dept

 

The state of Utah has little experience with big game farming. In an effort to understand elk and game farming, the Division has contacted other states that allow elk farming. The following are some of the problems other states associate with elk farming reported to the Division:

 

MONTANA Karen Zachiem with Montana Parks and Wildlife reported that Montana allows game farming. Initial regulations were inadequate to protect the state's wildlife resources. The state has tried to tighten up regulations related to game farming, resulting in a series of lawsuits against the state from elk ranchers. Zachiem reported that the tightening of regulations was in response to the discovery of TB in wildlife (elk, deer, and coyotes) surrounding a TB infected game farm. TB has been found on several game farms in Montana. Also, they have had problems with wildlife entering game farms as well as game farm animals escaping the farms. Finally, there has been a growth in shooting ranches in Montana. Game farmers allow hunters to come into enclosures to kill trophy game farm animals, raising the issues of fair chase and hunting ethics.

 

WASHINGTON Rolph Johnson with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, reported that Washington allows game farming, but it is strictly regulated to safeguard wildlife. Washington opposed the law when first proposed for the following reasons: introduction of disease and parasites; hybridization of wildlife species; habitat loss; health risks to humans, wildlife, and livestock; and state responsibility to recover or destroy escaped elk. Game farming is not cost effective due to the restrictions needed to prevent these problems.

 

NEW MEXICO Jerry Macacchini, with New Mexico Game and Fish, reported that New Mexico has problems with game farming and a moratorium on elk and game farming has been imposed by the state at the request of its citizens. Problems identified in the moratorium were: escaped game farm animals; theft of native elk herds; and disease.

 

OREGON Dan Edwards, with Oregon Fish and Wildlife, reported that Oregon has very little elk farming and is now prohibited by regulation. The elk farms that are in operation existed prior to the adoption of game farm regulations. Individuals who want to elk farm, must buy out an existing elk farm owner. Elk farms are no longer permitted due to, "...current and imminent threats to Oregon's native deer and elk herds and social and economic values.'' Oregon has documented numerous game farm animals that have escapeed from private game farms. Concerns about elk farming arose during public elk management meetings. The impacts of privately held cervids on publicly owned wildlife were a recurring issue throughout the elk management process. Key issues included: disease and parasites; escape and interbreeding of domestic animals with native wildlife; illegal kills for meat; and theft of public wildlife.

 

WYOMING Harry Harju, assistant wildlife chief with Wyoming Fish and Game, reported that elk or game farming is now prohibited in Wyoming. Only one game ranch exists in Wyoming, which was operating before the passage of the law. The state of Wyoming was sued by several game breeders associations for not allowing elk farming. The game breeders lost their suit in the United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit. The court maintained that the state had authority to regulate commerce and protect wildlife. Wyoming has had problems with big game farming originating in surrounding states. Wyoming has documented the harvest of red deer and their hybrids during elk hunts on the Snowy Mountain range that borders Colorado. Wyoming speculates that the red deer were escapees from Colorado game farms. Hybridization is viewed as threat to the genetic integrity of Wyoming's wild elk population. In a public hearing, the public voted against game farms in the state of Wyoming. Wyoming's Cattlemen's Association and Department of Agriculture opposed elk and big game farms, as well, particularly due to disease risks. Brucellosis is a major problem for wildlife and livestock in the Yellowstone Basin.

 

NEVADA Nevada reports that big game farms are allowed in Nevada. Nevada has not had any problems as a result of big game farms. However, Nevada has only one big game farm in the entire state and it is a reindeer farm. IDAHO Wildlife Chief Tom Rienecker reported that Idaho Fish and Game once regulated elk farming in their state, but lost jurisdiction of elk farming to the Department of Agriculture as a result of pressure from elk farmers. Idaho has 20-30 big game ranches. Idaho has had problems with escapes and several law enforcement cases have been filed against suspects who have taken calves out of the wild for elk farming purposes. Disease has not been a problem for Idaho.

 

COLORADO John Seidel, with Colorado Division of Wildlife, reported that the Division used to regulate big game farming until the big game breeders association petitioned for the Department of Agriculture to assume authority over big game farming because too many citations were issued to elk farms for violations. Colorado experienced numerous poaching incidents with elk calves from the wild and theft of whole herds of wild elk captured in private farms. Seidel reported that some of the larger "elk shooting ranches" have been investigated and charged with capturing wild herds of elk within the shooting preserve fences. Seidel reported that there have been documented problems with disease (TB); escaped hybrids and exotics; intrusion of rutting wild elk into game farms; massive recapture efforts for escapees and intruders; and loss of huge tracts of land fenced for shooting preserves/ranches. Based on their experiences, the Colorado Division of Wildlife wishes they did not have big game farms in Colorado. Seidel believes that CEBA would fight hard to open Utah to elk farming to provide a market for breeding stock in Utah ($3,000 & up for a bull and $8,000 & up for a breeding cow).

 

ARIZONA The Arizona Game and Fish Department reports that elk farming is legal in Arizona but the agency would not allow it if they had to do it all over again. Arizona reported the loss of huge blocks of land to fencing and some disease problems. ALBERTA, CANADA Alberta has allowed elk farming for a number of years. To date, Alberta has spent $10,000,000 and destroyed 2,000 elk in an unsuccessful attempt to control the spread of tuberculosis. Based upon the game farming experiences of these states, their recommendation to Utah was not to allow elk farming.

 

OTHER The Division has contacted several state and federal veterinarians. The opinions of some agricultural veterinarians differed from wildlife veterinarians. Some veterinarians endorsed elk farming with the right regulatory safeguards. Other veterinarians opposed elk farming due to the risks to wildlife and livestock. This issue needs a more comprehensive review. The Division also contacted a Special Agent with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service who conducted a covert investigation in Colorado to gather intelligence on elk farming and detect poaching activity of wild elk. Although poaching was not detected, the agent described his experience with pyramid schemes in elk sales; lack of a meat market; falsification of veterinarian records for farmed elk; escapes and intrusions between wild and captive elk; inadequate inspections by brand inspectors; transportation of TB infected elk; and the temperament of the elk themselves. The Colorado Elk Breeders Association (CEBA) told the Division that CEBA did not approve of elk poaching and has turned in fellow elk farmers for poaching live elk calves from the wild.

 

CEBA told Utah legislators that the Colorado Division of Wildlife did not like elk ranching at first, but has come to see that elk farming is not as bad as they originally thought it would be. The Colorado Division of Wildlife disagreed with CEBA's perception of their relationship.

 

Keep 'em wild: Montana should ban canned hunts. Whitefish elk farm draws fire from hunters, biologists By STEVE THOMPSON Missoula Independent, also the Whitefish Pilot 13 Sep 1998 Ph: 406/862-3795 Fax: 406/862-5344

 

 snip...

 

 http://www.mad-cow.org/99feb_cwd_special.html#fff

 

 snip...

 

see more here;

 

 http://www.mad-cow.org/99feb_cwd_special.html

 

 CWD policies in various states SCWDS BRIEFS April 1998 Issue State Fish & Game Departments: all 50 states

 

Nebraska Dept of Agriculture and Game and Parks

 

On April 9, 1998, chronic wasting disease (CWD) was diagnosed in a captive elk in Nebraska.

 

� This discovery follows the confirmation of CWD in two captive elk herds in South Dakota earlier this year.

 

� The Nebraska elk was a 4 1/2-year old male that was among a privately owned herd of approximately 150 elk.

 

� The health of the animal had deteriorated for about 2 months before it died.

 

� Confirmation of CWD was made by the USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratories in Ames, Iowa. The case history revealed that the affected elk was born on a farm on the Western Slope of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, but it was on two additional Colorado farms before it arrived in Nebraska at 2 to 2 1/2 years of age.

 

� One of the Colorado premises was in the known CWD-endemic region along the Eastern Slope of the Rocky Mountains in northcentral Colorado.

 

snip...

 

 http://www.mad-cow.org/99feb_cwd_special.html#ccc

 

 CWD News: Under-diagnosis in elk: 10/17 prove positive with better method 21 Jan 99 -- Utah hunter: CWD blood recall? 20 Dec 98 -- Bad news on game farm elk CWD 12 Nov 98 --Colorado CJD tragedy and CWD concerns 11 Oct 98 -- Nevada testing deer and elk for CWD 23 Jun 98 -- Elk CWD spreading on game farms 19 Mar 98 -- BSE Inquiry: Day 6 -- Mink and CWD misinformation 19 Mar 98 -- CWD: spreading it around 19 Mar 98 -- CWD: failed eradication attempts 19 Mar 98 -- CWD in Estes Park: what goes on at Lexington Lane? 19 Mar 98 -- 14 facilities where CWD has been found 19 Mar 98 -- How did CWD get started and spread? 19 Mar 98 -- Elk growers ask for surveillance in N. Dakota 19 Mar 98 -- Ban on elk antlers in human food rejected 19 Mar 98 -- CWD in High Country News 19 Mar 98 -- CWD Web Resources 14 Feb 98 -- Colorado's dementia experiment in humans 24 Feb 98 -- Feds need to take control over Colorado CWD 14 Feb 98 -- Surveillance for chronic wasting disease in Colorado 14 Feb 98 -- CWD by river drainage 14 Feb 98 -- Some early history of CWD 10 Jul 97 -- Chronic Wasting Disease in Canada23 Jul 98 -- Saskatchewan elk disease waning? 14 Feb 98 -- More chronic wasting disease news: 1, 2 14 Feb 98 -- Welcome to Stetsonville 07 Feb 98 -- Deer in three Wyoming counties infected with chronic wasting disease 07 Feb 98 -- Chronic wasting disease: deer-to-cattle shown 07 Feb 98 -- Worry over CWD hazards 05 Feb 98 -- Canada reports CWD in mule deer on game farms 07 Feb 98 -- Dr. Steven Dealler on CWD risks 27 Jan 98 -- Concerned rancher writes in about deer feeding habits 03 Feb 98 -- To eat or not to eat is the hunter's question 01 Mar 97 -- CWD and hunters square off in Colorado 01 Apr 97 -- CWD: lab progress is slow 01 Mar 97 -- Mystery of CWD in US deer, elk explained? Chronic wasting disease update

 

CWD Science:

 

snip...see ;

 

http://www.mad-cow.org/99feb_cwd_special.html#ggg

 

 Thursday, February 09, 2012

 

50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/02/50-game-farms-to-date-in-usa-infected.html

 

 Friday, February 03, 2012

 

Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary et al

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/02/wisconsin-farm-raised-deer-farms-and.html

 

 These findings demonstrate that when CWD is directly inoculated into the brain of cattle, 86% of inoculated cattle develop clinical signs of the disease.

 

http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=194089

 

 UPDATED CORRESPONDENCE FROM AUTHORS OF THIS STUDY I.E. COLBY, PRUSINER ET AL, ABOUT MY CONCERNS OF THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THEIR FIGURES AND MY FIGURES OF THE STUDIES ON CWD TRANSMISSION TO CATTLE ;

 

 ----- Original Message -----

 

From: David Colby

 

To: flounder9@verizon.net

 

Cc: stanley@XXXXXXXX

 

Sent: Tuesday, March 01, 2011 8:25 AM

 

Subject: Re: FW: re-Prions David W. Colby1,* and Stanley B. Prusiner1,2 + Author Affiliations

 

Dear Terry Singeltary,

 

Thank you for your correspondence regarding the review article Stanley Prusiner and I recently wrote for Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives. Dr. Prusiner asked that I reply to your message due to his busy schedule. We agree that the transmission of CWD prions to beef livestock would be a troubling development and assessing that risk is important. In our article, we cite a peer-reviewed publication reporting confirmed cases of laboratory transmission based on stringent criteria. The less stringent criteria for transmission described in the abstract you refer to lead to the discrepancy between your numbers and ours and thus the interpretation of the transmission rate. We stand by our assessment of the literature--namely that the transmission rate of CWD to bovines appears relatively low, but we recognize that even a low transmission rate could have important implications for public health and we thank you for bringing attention to this matter.

 

Warm Regards, David Colby

 

--

 

David Colby, PhDAssistant ProfessorDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Delaware

 

 ====================END...TSS==============

 

 SNIP...SEE FULL TEXT ;

 

http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2011/01/enlarging-spectrum-of-prion-like.html

 

 UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN

 

Wednesday, September 08, 2010

 

CWD PRION CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2010/09/cwd-prion-2010.html

 

 Monday, February 14, 2011

 

THE ROLE OF PREDATION IN DISEASE CONTROL: A COMPARISON OF SELECTIVE AND NONSELECTIVE REMOVAL ON PRION DISEASE DYNAMICS IN DEER

 

NO, NO, NOT NO, BUT HELL NO !

 

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 47(1), 2011, pp. 78-93 © Wildlife Disease Association 2011

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2011/02/role-of-predation-in-disease-control.html

 

http://www.thewildlifenews.com/2011/11/03/jackson-hole-newsguide-retired-biologist-stop-feeding-make-elk-migrate/

 

 Monday, January 05, 2009

 

CWD, GAME FARMS, BAITING, AND POLITICS

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/01/cwd-game-farms-baiting-and-politics.html

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/08/cwd-feeding-and-baiting-piles.html

 

 Saturday, March 10, 2012

 

*** CWD, GAME FARMS, urine, feces, soil, lichens, and banned mad cow protein feed CUSTOM MADE for deer and elk

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/03/cwd-game-farms-urine-feces-soil-lichens.html

 

 Wednesday, May 15, 2013

 

Intranasal Inoculation of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Lyophilized Chronic Wasting Disease Prion Particulate Complexed to Montmorillonite Clay

 

Research Article

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/05/intranasal-inoculation-of-white-tailed.html

 

 CJD9/10022

 

October 1994

 

Mr R.N. Elmhirst Chairman British Deer Farmers Association Holly Lodge Spencers Lane BerksWell Coventry CV7 7BZ

 

Dear Mr Elmhirst,

 

CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) SURVEILLANCE UNIT REPORT

 

Thank you for your recent letter concerning the publication of the third annual report from the CJD Surveillance Unit. I am sorry that you are dissatisfied with the way in which this report was published.

 

The Surveillance Unit is a completely independant outside body and the Department of Health is committed to publishing their reports as soon as they become available. In the circumstances it is not the practice to circulate the report for comment since the findings of the report would not be amended. In future we can ensure that the British Deer Farmers Association receives a copy of the report in advance of publication.

 

The Chief Medical Officer has undertaken to keep the public fully informed of the results of any research in respect of CJD. This report was entirely the work of the unit and was produced completely independantly of the the Department.

 

The statistical results reqarding the consumption of venison was put into perspective in the body of the report and was not mentioned at all in the press release. Media attention regarding this report was low key but gave a realistic presentation of the statistical findings of the Unit. This approach to publication was successful in that consumption of venison was highlighted only once by the media ie. in the News at one television proqramme.

 

I believe that a further statement about the report, or indeed statistical links between CJD and consumption of venison, would increase, and quite possibly give damaging credence, to the whole issue. From the low key media reports of which I am aware it seems unlikely that venison consumption will suffer adversely, if at all.

 

http://web.archive.org/web/20030511010117/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1994/10/00003001.pdf

 

 now, let’s see what the authors said about this casual link, personal communications years ago. see where it is stated NO STRONG evidence. so, does this mean there IS casual evidence ????

 

 “Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans”

 

 From: TSS (216-119-163-189.ipset45.wt.net)

 

Subject: CWD aka MAD DEER/ELK TO HUMANS ???

 

Date: September 30, 2002 at 7:06 am PST

 

From: "Belay, Ermias"

 

To:

 

Cc: "Race, Richard (NIH)" ; ; "Belay, Ermias"

 

Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 9:22 AM

 

Subject: RE: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS

 

Dear Sir/Madam,

 

In the Archives of Neurology you quoted (the abstract of which was attached to your email), we did not say CWD in humans will present like variant CJD.

 

That assumption would be wrong. I encourage you to read the whole article and call me if you have questions or need more clarification (phone: 404-639-3091). Also, we do not claim that "no-one has ever been infected with prion disease from eating venison." Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans in the article you quoted or in any other forum is limited to the patients we investigated.

 

Ermias Belay, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 

 -----Original Message-----

 

From:

 

Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:15 AM

 

To: rr26k@nih.gov; rrace@niaid.nih.gov; ebb8@CDC.GOV

 

Subject: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS

 

Sunday, November 10, 2002 6:26 PM ......snip........end..............TSS

 

Thursday, April 03, 2008

 

A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

 

2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41

 

A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease

 

Sigurdson CJ.

 

 snip...

 

*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported to the Surveillance Center***,

 

snip...

 

 full text ;

 

 http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2008/04/prion-disease-of-cervids-chronic.html

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2006_12_01_archive.html

 

 Friday, November 09, 2012

 

*** Chronic Wasting Disease CWD in cervidae and transmission to other species

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/chronic-wasting-disease-cwd-in-cervidae.html

 

 Sunday, November 11, 2012

 

*** Susceptibilities of Nonhuman Primates to Chronic Wasting Disease November 2012

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/11/susceptibilities-of-nonhuman-primates.html

 

 Friday, December 14, 2012

 

Susceptibility Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) in wild cervids to Humans 2005 - December 14, 2012

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2012/12/susceptibility-chronic-wasting-disease.html

 

 Saturday, March 09, 2013

 

Chronic Wasting Disease in Bank Voles: Characterisation of the Shortest Incubation Time Model for Prion Diseases

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2013/03/chronic-wasting-disease-in-bank-voles.html

 

 *** NOR IS THE FDA recalling this CWD positive elk meat for the well being of the dead elk ;

 

 Wednesday, March 18, 2009 Noah’s Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II

 

___________________________________

 

PRODUCT

 

a) Elk Meat, Elk Tenderloin, Frozen in plastic vacuum packaging. Each package is approximately 2 lbs., and each case is approximately 16 lbs.; Item number 755125, Recall # F-129-9;

 

b) Elk Meat, Elk Trim, Frozen; Item number 755155, Recall # F-130-9;

 

c) Elk Meat, French Rack, Chilled. Item number 755132, Recall # F-131-9;

 

d) Elk Meat, Nude Denver Leg. Item number 755122, Recall # F-132-9;

 

e) Elk Meat, New York Strip Steak, Chilled. Item number 755128, Recall # F-133-9;

 

f) Elk Meat, Flank Steak Frozen. Item number 755131, Recall # F-134-9;

 

CODE

 

Elk Meats with production dates of December 29, 30, and 31

 

RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER

 

Recalling Firm: Sierra Meats, Reno, NV, by telephone on January 29, 2009 and press release on February 9, 2009.

 

Manufacturer: Noah’s Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.

 

REASON

 

Elk products contain meat derived from an elk confirmed to have Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD).

 

VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE

 

Unknown

 

DISTRIBUTION

 

NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK

 

___________________________________

 

 http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ENFORCE/2009/ENF01099.html

 

 Monday, February 09, 2009

 

Exotic Meats USA Announces Urgent Statewide Recall of Elk Tenderloin Because It May Contain Meat Derived From An Elk Confirmed To Have CWD

 

snip...

 

Cross-sequence transmission of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease creates a new prion strain

 

Date: August 25, 2007 at 12:42 pm PST

 

our results raise the possibility that CJD cases classified as VV1 may include cases caused by iatrogenic transmission of sCJD-MM1 prions or food-borne infection by type 1 prions from animals, e.g., chronic wasting disease prions in cervid. In fact, two CJD-VV1 patients who hunted deer or consumed venison have been reported (40, 41). The results of the present study emphasize the need for traceback studies and careful re-examination of the biochemical properties of sCJD-VV1 prions.

 

http://www.jbc.org/

 

 Wednesday, March 18, 2009

 

Noah's Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II

 

http://chronic-wasting-disease.blogspot.com/2009/03/noahs-ark-holding-llc-dawson-mn-recall.html

 

 *** The potential impact of prion diseases on human health was greatly magnified by the recognition that interspecies transfer of BSE to humans by beef ingestion resulted in vCJD. While changes in animal feed constituents and slaughter practices appear to have curtailed vCJD, there is concern that CWD of free-ranging deer and elk in the U.S. might also cross the species barrier. Thus, consuming venison could be a source of human prion disease. Whether BSE and CWD represent interspecies scrapie transfer or are newly arisen prion diseases is unknown. Therefore, the possibility of transmission of prion disease through other food animals cannot be ruled out. There is evidence that vCJD can be transmitted through blood transfusion. There is likely a pool of unknown size of asymptomatic individuals infected with vCJD, and there may be asymptomatic individuals infected with the CWD equivalent. These circumstances represent a potential threat to blood, blood products, and plasma supplies.

 

 http://cdmrp.army.mil/prevfunded/nprp/NPRP_Summit_Final_Report.pdf

 

 TSS