CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PENNSYLVANIA GAME FARMS, URINE ATTRACTANT PRODUCTS, BAITING, AND MINERAL LICKS
Dreaded deer killer Chronic Wasting Disease arrives in Pa.: How bad? What's
next?
Oct. 23, 2012, 9:19 a.m. EDT
The Intelligencer Journal
snip...
"We have always had our focus on the captive population because it's such a
huge risk factor" says Dr. Walter Cottrell the Game Commission's wildlife
veterinarian and a member of the state's CWD Interagency Task Force.
Captive farms have been eyed warily because deer are bartered and sold from
all over the country.
snip...
Yet another unknown being investigated is whether urine was collected from
the infected doe or surrounding captive deer for sale as a commercial deer
attractant lure.
snip...
Included in such a ban would be salt licks and mineral blocks that
congregate deer and encourage them to bite and chew at the soil for years.
Wolfgang also wants to see a statewide ban on use of deer urine products.
"Some scientists now wonder if the wide distribution of doe urine might be
partly responsible for the spread of CWD from the West to the East" he
observes.
Cottrell is of the same mind but knows a deer lure ban likely would be
challenged in court.
Thursday, October 11, 2012
Pennsylvania Confirms First Case CWD Adams County Captive Deer Tests
Positive
Monday, October 15, 2012
PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION AND AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT TO HOLD PUBLIC
MEETING TO DISCUSS CWD MONITORING EFFORTS FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: October 15,
2012 Release #124-12
Pennsylvania CWD number of deer exposed and farms there from much greater
than first thought
Published: Wednesday, October 17, 2012, 10:44 PM Updated: Wednesday,
October 17, 2012, 11:33 PM
Tuesday, October 23, 2012
PA Captive deer from CWD-positive farm roaming free
Friday, November 04, 2011
Elk escape from captive cervid facility in Pennsylvania near West Virginia
border West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
THE states are going to have to regulate how many farms that are allowed,
or every state in the USA will wind up being just one big private fenced in game
farm.
kind of like they did with the shrimping industry in the bays, when there
got to be too many shrimp boats, you stop issuing permits, and then lower the
exist number of permits, by not renewing them, due to reduced permits issued.
how many states have $465,000., and can quarantine and purchase there from,
each cwd said infected farm, but how many states can afford this for all the cwd
infected cervid game ranch type farms ???
11,000 game farms X $465,000., do all these game farms have insurance to
pay for this risk of infected the wild cervid herds, in each state ???
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD WISCONSIN Almond Deer (Buckhorn Flats) Farm
Update DECEMBER 2011
The CWD infection rate was nearly 80%, the highest ever in a North American
captive herd.
RECOMMENDATION: That the Board approve the purchase of 80 acres of land for
$465,000 for the Statewide Wildlife Habitat Program in Portage County and
approve the restrictions on public use of the site.
Form 1100-001
(R 2/11)
NATURAL RESOURCES BOARD AGENDA ITEM
SUBJECT: Information Item: Almond Deer Farm Update
FOR: DECEMBER 2011 BOARD MEETING
TUESDAY
TO BE PRESENTED BY TITLE: Tami Ryan, Wildlife Health Section Chief
SUMMARY:
SNIP...
2010 WISCONSIN CAPTIVE DEER ESCAPES
There were 26 reported escape incidents so far this year, this amounted to
20 actual confirmed escape incidents because 3 were previously reported, 2 were
confirmed as wild deer, and 1 incident was not confirmed. ...
snip...
Deer, elk continue to escape from state farms
Article by: DOUG SMITH , Star Tribune Updated: March 14, 2011 - 12:08 PM
Curbing chronic wasting disease remains a concern; officials are increasing
enforcement.
Almost 500 captive deer and elk have escaped from Minnesota farms over the
past five years, and 134 were never recaptured or killed.
So far this year, 17 deer have escaped, and officials are still searching
for many of those.
see ;
Friday, September 28, 2012
Stray elk renews concerns about deer farm security Minnesota
Wisconsin : 436 Deer Have Escaped From Farms to Wild
Date: March 18, 2003 Source: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Contacts: LEE BERGQUIST lbergquist@journalsentinel.com
State finds violations, lax record keeping at many sites, report says
A state inspection of private deer farms, prompted by the discovery of chronic wasting disease, found that 436 white-tailed deer escaped into the wild, officials said Tuesday
The Department of Natural Resources found that captive deer have escaped from one-third of the state's 550 deer farms over the lifetime of the operations. The agency also uncovered hundreds of violations and has sought a total of 60 citations or charges against deer farm operators.
These and other findings come as state officials say they are still no closer to understanding how the fatal deer disease got to Wisconsin.
Since the discovery a little more than a year ago, chronic wasting disease has thrown both deer hunting and management of Wisconsin's 1.4 million deer herd into tumult. Fewer hunters went into the woods last year, and a booming deer population has the DNR worried that the number of whitetails could grow out of control.
Tuesday's findings were presented to the state Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. The DNR had regulated deer farms, but the authority was transferred to the Agriculture Department on Jan. 1. Now agriculture regulators oversee elk, deer and other captive cervids.
Solving the problem
Stricter regulations - and closer attention to the operations of game farms - should cut down on future violations, officials from the two agencies said. Tougher reporting requirements also will help authorities keep better track of the movement of animals, they said.
Permanent rules take effect in June, and include tighter controls on moving animals and requiring the reporting of escaped animals within 48 hours. There will be mandatory testing of every deer age 16 months or older that dies.
Almost from the start of the state's battle against chronic wasting disease, game farm operators came under scrutiny because their business involves the buying and selling of captive deer and elk across state lines. When the disease was first discovered here Feb. 28, 2002, Wisconsin became the first state to have the disease east of the Mississippi River.
A representative of the deer industry said Tuesday that the DNR is trying to shift blame for chronic wasting disease to his industry.
"The state of Wisconsin has spent a year chasing chronic wasting disease, and they have made zero progress," said Gary Nelson, president of Whitetails of Wisconsin. "In the past, they have essentially collected our fees and ignored us. Now that they have discovered CWD, they are looking for someone to blame."
A DNR representative agreed that the agency could have done a better job keeping tabs on deer farms.
"We're not pointing fingers," said Karl Brooks, a conservation warden with the DNR. "But two things that we know for sure is that there is CWD in the wild deer population, and we have found CWD on game farms."
CWD found on 2 farms
Seven deer have tested positive for the disease on game farms - one on a Portage County farm and six on a Walworth County farm - since the disease was discovered in three wild deer killed near Mount Horeb in western Dane County. One deer that tested positive on the Walworth County farm escaped and roamed free for six months.
Regulations have only begun to catch up to the captive deer industry, and "unfortunately, it took CWD to get us there," said agriculture secretary Rod Nilsestuen at a news briefing in Madison.
As the DNR prepared to hand over authority for overseeing game farms to the agriculture department, it sent 209 conservation wardens to 550 farms to collect information, attempt to pinpoint the source of the disease and to learn whether other deer had been exposed to it.
The audit found that most farms were in compliance, but the DNR found many violations and instances of poor record keeping. Also in numerous instances, fences did not stop wild and captive deer from intermingling.
At least 227 farms conducted part of their business on a cash basis, making it hard to track animal movement with financial records.
For example, both the Internal Revenue Service and the state Department of Revenue have been contacted about a deer farm near Wild Rose in Waushara County that is suspected of selling six large bucks for $45,000 in cash and not using live deer shipping tags as required.
The DNR found that game farm operators have more deer in captivity than their records show, which is "due in part because the owners of a number of large deer farm operations were unable to accurately count the number of deer within their fences," the audit found.
Hundreds of deer escape
The DNR found a total of 671 deer that escaped farms - 436 of which were never found - because of storm-damaged fences, gates being left open or the animals jumping over or through fences.
In one example in Kewaunee County, a deer farmer's fence was knocked down in a summer storm. Ten deer escaped, and the farmer told the DNR he had no intention of trying to reclaim them. The DNR found five of the deer, killed them and cited the farmer for violation of a regulation related to fencing.
Another deer farmer near Mishicot, in Manitowoc County, released all nine of his whitetails last summer after he believed the discovery of chronic wasting disease was going to drive down the market for captive deer.
The DNR found 24 instances of unlicensed deer farms and issued 19 citations.
Journal Sentinel correspondent Kevin Murphy contributed to this report.
Game Farms Inspected
A summary of the findings of the Department of Natural Resources' inspection of 550 private white-tailed deer farms in the state: The deer farms contained at least 16,070 deer, but the DNR believes there are more deer in captivity than that because large deer farms are unable to accurately count their deer. 671 deer had escaped from game farms, including 436 that were never found.
24 farmers were unlicensed. One had been operating illegally since 1999 after he was denied a license because his deer fence did not meet minimum specifications.
Records maintained by operators ranged from "meticulous documentation to relying on memory." At least 227 farms conducted various portions of their deer farm business with cash. Over the last three years, 1,222 deer died on farms for various reasons. Disease testing was not performed nor required on the majority of deer. Farmers reported doing business with people in 22 other states and one
© Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance
Web site development by Pyron Technologies, Inc.
http://www.cwd-info.org/index.php/fuseaction/news.detail/ID/4eb67da18ca2c69fce5b5f2eaad058e8
Monday, June 11, 2012
OHIO Captive deer escapees and non-reporting
INDIANA 20 DEER ESCAPE TROPHY BUCK GAME FARM STATE OFFICIALS FEAR CWD RISK
TO WILD
Thursday, February 09, 2012
50 GAME FARMS IN USA INFECTED WITH CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE
Friday, February 03, 2012
Wisconsin Farm-Raised Deer Farms and CWD there from 2012 report Singeltary
et al
CWD, GAME FARMS, BAITING, AND POLITICS
*** Friday, October 12, 2012
Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC) is Now Accepting Comments on Rule
Proposals for “Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)”
TO: comments@tahc.state.tx.us; Texas Animal Health Commission (TAHC)
In Chronic Wasting disease (CWD) of deer several careful studies have been
performed that, together with our present finding, depose in favor of airborne
transmission in this naturally occurring disease. Indeed, CWD prions can be
transmitted experimentally via aerosol and the nasal route to transgenic
cervidized mice.33 Although no anecdotal or epidemiological evidence has come
forward that airborne transmission may be important for the spread of CWD,
several lines of thought suggest that this possibility is not implausible. In
deer, prions have been detected in urine, saliva, feces and blood of diseased
animals. Moreover, it was claimed that pathological prion protein could be
recovered from the environmental water in an endemic area.34 Since all fluids
can act as sources for the generation of aerosols, any of the body fluids
mentioned above may represent the point of origin for airborne transmission of
CWD prions. In this context, also the presence of infectious prions in blood of
patients should be mentioned which was demonstrated by the transmission of vCJD
by blood transfusions.35,36 The growing body of evidence that prion transmission
can be airborne—at least under certain conditions—dictates that the release of
potentially contaminated aerosols should be avoided under all circumstances.
snip...
In conclusion, aerosols can infect mice with a surprisingly high
efficiency. Just how important a role is played by this newly recognized pathway
of spread in natural transmission is, as of now, unclear and in need of further
studies. Although it was not identified as a route of infection in
epidemiological studies thus far, the worryingly high attack rate suggests that
we would be well-advised to carefully avoid the inhalation of aerosols from
prion-containing materials. Key words: prion, prion transmission, scrapie,
chronic wasting diseases, CWD, Creutzfeldt-Jacob-disease, CJD, TSE, aerosol,
pathogens, allergens Submitted: 05/19/11 Accepted: 06/09/11 DOI:
10.4161/pri.5.3.16851 *Correspondence to: Lothar Stitz or Adriano Aguzzi; Email:
lothar.stitz@fli.bund.de or adriano.aguzzi@usz.ch
snip...see full text ;
PLEASE SEE FULL TEXT, AND AGAIN, many thanks to PLOS for open access !!!
Monday, September 17, 2012
Rapid Transepithelial Transport of Prions Following Inhalation
Thursday, December 29, 2011
Aerosols An underestimated vehicle for transmission of prion diseases?
PRION www.landesbioscience.com
please see more on Aerosols and TSE prion disease here ;
CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2
Canadian provinces and in ≈ 100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in
South Korea (Figure 1, panel B). SNIP... Long-term effects of CWD on cervid
populations and ecosystems remain unclear as the disease continues to spread and
prevalence increases. In captive herds, CWD might persist at high levels and
lead to complete herd destruction in the absence of human culling. Epidemiologic
modeling suggests the disease could have severe effects on free-ranging deer
populations, depending on hunting policies and environmental persistence (8,9).
CWD has been associated with large decreases in free-ranging mule deer
populations in an area of high CWD prevalence (Boulder, Colorado, USA) (5).
PLEASE STUDY THIS MAP, COMPARE FARMED CWD TO WILD CWD...TSS
Saturday, February 18, 2012
Occurrence, Transmission, and Zoonotic Potential of Chronic Wasting Disease
CDC Volume 18, Number 3—March 2012
CWD has been identified in free-ranging cervids in 15 US states and 2
Canadian provinces and in ≈100 captive herds in 15 states and provinces and in
South Korea (Figure 1, panel B).
Research Paper
Salivary prions in sheep and deer
Volume 6, Issue 1 January/February/March 2012
Pages 52 – 61
Gültekin Tamgüney, Jürgen A. Richt, Amir N. Hamir, Justin J. Greenlee,
Michael W. Miller, Lisa L. Wolfe, Tracey M. Sirochman, Alan J. Young, David V.
Glidden, Natrina L. Johnson, Kurt Giles, Stephen J. DeArmond and Stanley B.
Prusiner
Gültekin Tamgüney Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of
Neurology; University of California, San Francisco, CA USA Jürgen A. Richt
National Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA; Ames, IA USA Amir N. Hamir National
Animal Disease Center, ARS-USDA; Ames, IA USA Justin J. Greenlee National Animal
Disease Center, ARS-USDA; Ames, IA USA Michael W. Miller Colorado Division of
Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center; Fort Collins, CO USA Lisa L. Wolfe Colorado
Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center; Fort Collins, CO USA Tracey M.
Sirochman Colorado Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center; Fort Collins,
CO USA Alan J. Young Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State
University; Brookings, SD USA David V. Glidden Departments of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics; University of California, San Francisco, CA USA Natrina L.
Johnson Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases; San Francisco, CA USA Kurt
Giles Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Department of Neurology;
University of California, San Francisco, CA USA Stephen J. DeArmond Institute
for Neurodegenerative Diseases; San Francisco, CA USA; Department of Pathology,
University of California; San Francisco, CA USA Stanley B. Prusiner
Corresponding author: stanley@ind.ucsf.edu Institute for Neurodegenerative
Diseases; Department of Neurology; University of California, San Francisco, CA
USA
Scrapie of sheep and chronic wasting disease (CWD) of cervids are
transmissible prion diseases. Milk and placenta have been identified as sources
of scrapie prions but do not explain horizontal transmission. In contrast, CWD
prions have been reported in saliva, urine and feces, which are thought to be
responsible for horizontal transmission. While the titers of CWD prions have
been measured in feces, levels in saliva or urine are unknown. Because sheep
produce ~17 L/day of saliva, and scrapie prions are present in tongue and
salivary glands of infected sheep, we asked if scrapie prions are shed in
saliva. We inoculated transgenic (Tg) mice expressing ovine prion protein,
Tg(OvPrP) mice, with saliva from seven Cheviot sheep with scrapie. Six of seven
samples transmitted prions to Tg(OvPrP) mice with titers of -0.5 to 1.7 log ID50
U/ml. Similarly, inoculation of saliva samples from two mule deer with CWD
transmitted prions to Tg(ElkPrP) mice with titers of -1.1 to -0.4 log ID50 U/ml.
Assuming similar shedding kinetics for salivary prions as those for fecal prions
of deer, we estimated the secreted salivary prion dose over a 10-mo period to be
as high as 8.4 log ID50 units for sheep and 7.0 log ID50 units for deer. These
estimates are similar to 7.9 log ID50 units of fecal CWD prions for deer.
Because saliva is mostly swallowed, salivary prions may reinfect tissues of the
gastrointestinal tract and contribute to fecal prion shedding. Salivary prions
shed into the environment provide an additional mechanism for horizontal prion
transmission.
ALSO, NOTE MINERAL LICKS A POSSIBLE SOURCE AND TRANSMISSION MODE FOR CWD
Elk and Deer Use of Mineral Licks: Implications for Disease Transmission
Kurt C. VerCauteren1*, Michael J. Lavelle1, Gregory E. Phillips1, Justin W.
Fischer1, and Randal S. Stahl1 1United States Department of Agriculture, Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife
Research Center, 4101 LaPorte Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80521-2154, USA
*Cooresponding author e-mail: kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov
North American cervids require and actively seek out minerals to satisfy
physiological requirements. Minerals required by free-ranging cervids exist
within natural and artificial mineral licks that commonly serve as focal sites
for cervids. Ingestion of soils contaminated with the agent that causes chronic
wasting disease (CWD) may result in risk of contracting CWD. Our objective was
to evaluate the extent and nature of use of mineral licks by CWD-susceptible
cervid species. We used animal-activated cameras to monitor use of 18 mineral
licks between 1 June and 16 October 2006 in Rocky Mountain National Park,
north-central Colorado. We also assessed mineral concentrations at mineral licks
to evaluate correlations between visitation rates and site-specific
characteristics. We collected > 400,000 images of which 991 included elk, 293
included deer, and 6 included moose. We documented elk and deer participating in
a variety of potentially risky behaviors (e.g., ingesting soil, ingesting water,
defecating, urinating) while at mineral licks. Results from the mineral analyses
combined with camera data revealed that visitation was highest at sodium-rich
mineral licks. Mineral licks may play a role in disease transmission by acting
as sites of increased interaction as well as reservoirs for deposition,
accumulation, and ingestion of disease agents.
PO-081: Chronic wasting disease in the cat— Similarities to feline
spongiform encephalopathy (FSE)
Thursday, May 31, 2012
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD PRION2012 Aerosol, Inhalation transmission,
Scrapie, cats, species barrier, burial, and more
UPDATED DATA ON 2ND CWD STRAIN Wednesday, September 08, 2010 CWD PRION
CONGRESS SEPTEMBER 8-11 2010
Tuesday, January 10, 2012
ESHRE position statement concerning prion detection in urinary gonadotropin
formulations
Prion Disease Detection, PMCA Kinetics, and IgG in Urine from Sheep
Naturally/Experimentally Infected with Scrapie and Deer with
Preclinical/Clinical Chronic Wasting Disease
▿Richard Rubenstein1,*, Binggong Chang1, Perry Gray2, Martin Piltch2, Marie
S. Bulgin3, Sharon Sorensen-Melson3 and Michael W. Miller4 + Author Affiliations
1Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate
Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11203 2Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 3University of Idaho, Caine
Veterinary Teaching and Research Center, 1020 E. Homedale Road, Caldwell, Idaho
83607 4Colorado Division of Wildlife, Wildlife Research Center, 317 West
Prospect Road, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526-2097
ABSTRACT
Prion diseases, also known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies,
are fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Low levels of infectious agent and
limited, infrequent success of disease transmissibility and PrPSc detection have
been reported with urine from experimentally infected clinical cervids and
rodents. We report the detection of prion disease-associated seeding activity
(PASA) in urine from naturally and orally infected sheep with clinical scrapie
agent and orally infected preclinical and infected white-tailed deer with
clinical chronic wasting disease (CWD). This is the first report on PASA
detection of PrPSc from the urine of naturally or preclinical prion-diseased
ovine or cervids. Detection was achieved by using the surround optical fiber
immunoassay (SOFIA) to measure the products of limited serial protein misfolding
cyclic amplification (sPMCA). Conversion of PrPC to PrPSc was not influenced by
the presence of poly(A) during sPMCA or by the homogeneity of the PrP genotypes
between the PrPC source and urine donor animals. Analysis of the sPMCA-SOFIA
data resembled a linear, rather than an exponential, course. Compared to
uninfected animals, there was a 2- to 4-log increase of proteinase K-sensitive,
light chain immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragments in scrapie-infected sheep but not
in infected CWD-infected deer. The higher-than-normal range of IgG levels found
in the naturally and experimentally infected clinical scrapie-infected sheep
were independent of their genotypes. Although analysis of urine samples
throughout the course of infection would be necessary to determine the
usefulness of altered IgG levels as a disease biomarker, detection of PrPSc from
PASA in urine points to its potential value for antemortem diagnosis of prion
diseases.
FOOTNOTES
Received 13 May 2011. Accepted 14 June 2011. ↵*Corresponding author.
Mailing address: Downstate Medical Center, Departments of Neurology and
Physiology/Pharmacology, Box 1213, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203.
Phone: (718) 270-2019. Fax: (718) 270-2459. E-mail:
richard.rubenstein@downstate.edu. ↵▿ Published ahead of print on 29 June 2011.
Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Sunday, July 03, 2011
Prion Disease Detection, PMCA Kinetics, and IgG in Urine from
Naturally/Experimentally Infected Scrapie Sheep and Preclinical/Clinical CWD
Deer
Thursday, June 09, 2011
Detection of CWD prions in salivary, urinary, and intestinal tissues of
deer: potential mechanisms of prion shedding and transmission
CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE: A MODEL FOR PRION TRANSMISSION VIA SALIVA AND
URINE
Sunday, December 06, 2009
Detection of Sub-Clinical CWD Infection in Conventional Test-Negative Deer
Long after Oral Exposure to Urine and Feces from CWD+ Deer
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
Detection of CWD Prions in Urine and Saliva of Deer by Transgenic Mouse
Bioassay
*** Tuesday, September 02, 2008
Detection of infectious prions in urine (Soto et al Available online 13
August 2008.)
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: MAD DEER FEED BAN WARNING LETTER RECALL 6 TONS DISTRIBUTED USA
Date: Wed, 20 Oct 2004 14:53:56 -0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
##################### Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
#####################
PRODUCT
Product is custom made deer feed packaged in 100 lb. poly bags. The product
has no labeling. Recall # V-003-5.
CODE
The product has no lot code. All custom made feed purchased between June
24, 2004 and September 8, 2004.
RECALLING FIRM/MANUFACTURER
Farmers Elevator Co, Houston, OH, by telephone and letter dated September
27, 2004. Firm initiated recall is ongoing.
REASON
Feed may contain protein derived from mammalian tissues which is prohibited
in ruminant feed.
VOLUME OF PRODUCT IN COMMERCE
Approximately 6 tons.
DISTRIBUTION OH.
END OF ENFORCEMENT REPORT FOR October 20, 2004
################# BSE-L-subscribe-request@uni-karlsruhe.de
#################
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material
From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 -0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Greetings FDA,
i would kindly like to comment on;
Docket 03D-0186
FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer and Elk in Animal
Feed; Availability
Several factors on this apparent voluntary proposal disturbs me greatly,
please allow me to point them out;
1. MY first point is the failure of the partial ruminant-to-ruminant feed
ban of 8/4/97. this partial and voluntary feed ban of some ruminant materials
being fed back to cattle is terribly flawed. without the _total_ and _mandatory_
ban of all ruminant materials being fed back to ruminants including cattle,
sheep, goat, deer, elk and mink, chickens, fish (all farmed animals for
human/animal consumption), this half ass measure will fail terribly, as in the
past decades...
2. WHAT about sub-clinical TSE in deer and elk? with the recent findings of
deer fawns being infected with CWD, how many could possibly be sub-clinically
infected. until we have a rapid TSE test to assure us that all deer/elk are free
of disease (clinical and sub-clinical), we must ban not only documented CWD
infected deer/elk, but healthy ones as well. it this is not done, they system
will fail...
3. WE must ban not only CNS (SRMs specified risk materials), but ALL
tissues. recent new and old findings support infectivity in the rump or ass
muscle. wether it be low or high, accumulation will play a crucial role in
TSEs.
4. THERE are and have been for some time many TSEs in the USA. TME in mink,
Scrapie in Sheep and Goats, and unidentified TSE in USA cattle. all this has
been proven, but the TSE in USA cattle has been totally ignored for decades. i
will document this data below in my references.
5. UNTIL we ban all ruminant by-products from being fed back to ALL
ruminants, until we rapid TSE test (not only deer/elk) but cattle in sufficient
numbers to find (1 million rapid TSE test in USA cattle annually for 5 years),
any partial measures such as the ones proposed while ignoring sub-clinical TSEs
and not rapid TSE testing cattle, not closing down feed mills that continue to
violate the FDA's BSE feed regulation (21 CFR 589.2000) and not making freely
available those violations, will only continue to spread these TSE mad cow
agents in the USA. I am curious what we will call a phenotype in a species that
is mixed with who knows how many strains of scrapie, who knows what strain or
how many strains of TSE in USA cattle, and the CWD in deer and elk (no telling
how many strains there), but all of this has been rendered for animal feeds in
the USA for decades. it will get interesting once someone starts looking in all
species, including humans here in the USA, but this has yet to happen...
6. IT is paramount that CJD be made reportable in every state (especially
''sporadic'' cjd), and that a CJD Questionnaire must be issued to every family
of a victim of TSE. only checking death certificates will not be sufficient.
this has been proven as well (see below HISTORY OF CJD -- CJD
QUESTIONNAIRE)
7. WE must learn from our past mistakes, not continue to make the same
mistakes...
snip...
Oral transmission and early lymphoid tropism of chronic wasting disease
PrPres in mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus )
Christina J. Sigurdson1, Elizabeth S. Williams2, Michael W. Miller3, Terry
R. Spraker1,4, Katherine I. O'Rourke5 and Edward A. Hoover1
Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical
Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523- 1671, USA1
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road,
University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82070, USA 2 Colorado Division of Wildlife,
Wildlife Research Center, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526-2097,
USA3 Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 300 West Drake
Road, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1671, USA4 Animal Disease Research Unit,
Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 337 Bustad Hall,
Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7030, USA5
Author for correspondence: Edward Hoover.Fax +1 970 491 0523. e-mail ehoover@lamar.colostate.edu
Mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus) were inoculated orally with a brain
homogenate prepared from mule deer with naturally occurring chronic wasting
disease (CWD), a prion-induced transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Fawns
were necropsied and examined for PrP res, the abnormal prion protein isoform, at
10, 42, 53, 77, 78 and 80 days post-inoculation (p.i.) using an
immunohistochemistry assay modified to enhance sensitivity. PrPres was detected
in alimentary-tract-associated lymphoid tissues (one or more of the following:
retropharyngeal lymph node, tonsil, Peyer's patch and ileocaecal lymph node) as
early as 42 days p.i. and in all fawns examined thereafter (53 to 80 days p.i.).
No PrPres staining was detected in lymphoid tissue of three control fawns
receiving a control brain inoculum, nor was PrPres detectable in neural tissue
of any fawn. PrPres-specific staining was markedly enhanced by sequential tissue
treatment with formic acid, proteinase K and hydrated autoclaving prior to
immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody F89/160.1.5. These results
indicate that CWD PrP res can be detected in lymphoid tissues draining the
alimentary tract within a few weeks after oral exposure to infectious prions and
may reflect the initial pathway of CWD infection in deer. The rapid infection of
deer fawns following exposure by the most plausible natural route is consistent
with the efficient horizontal transmission of CWD in nature and enables
accelerated studies of transmission and pathogenesis in the native
species.
snip...
These results indicate that mule deer fawns develop detectable PrP res
after oral exposure to an inoculum containing CWD prions. In the earliest
post-exposure period, CWD PrPres was traced to the lymphoid tissues draining the
oral and intestinal mucosa (i.e. the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, tonsil, ileal
Peyer's patches and ileocaecal lymph nodes), which probably received the highest
initial exposure to the inoculum. Hadlow et al. (1982) demonstrated scrapie
agent in the tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes, ileum and
spleen in a 10-month-old naturally infected lamb by mouse bioassay. Eight of
nine sheep had infectivity in the retropharyngeal lymph node. He concluded that
the tissue distribution suggested primary infection via the gastrointestinal
tract. The tissue distribution of PrPres in the early stages of infection in the
fawns is strikingly similar to that seen in naturally infected sheep with
scrapie. These findings support oral exposure as a natural route of CWD
infection in deer and support oral inoculation as a reasonable exposure route
for experimental studies of CWD.
snip...
===================================
now, just what is in that deer feed? _ANIMAL PROTEIN_
Subject: MAD DEER/ELK DISEASE AND POTENTIAL SOURCES
Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 18:41:46 –0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: BSE-L To: BSE-L
8420-20.5% Antler Developer For Deer and Game in the wild Guaranteed
Analysis Ingredients / Products Feeding Directions
snip...
_animal protein_
BODE'S GAME FEED SUPPLEMENT #400 A RATION FOR DEER NET WEIGHT 50 POUNDS
22.6 KG.
snip...
_animal protein_
Ingredients
Grain Products, Plant Protein Products, Processed Grain By-Products, Forage
Products, Roughage Products 15%, Molasses Products, __Animal Protein Products__,
Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Pyosphate, Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin A
Acetate with D-activated Animal Sterol (source of Vitamin D3), Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Riboflavin Supplement, Niacin Supplement,
Calcium Panothenate, Choline Chloride, Folic Acid, Menadione Soduim Bisulfite
Complex, Pyridoxine Hydorchloride, Thiamine Mononitrate, d-Biotin, Manganous
Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Cobalt Carbonate, Dried
Sacchoromyces Berevisiae Fermentation Solubles, Cellulose gum, Artificial
Flavors added.
===================================
MORE ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTS FOR DEER
Bode's #1 Game Pellets A RATION FOR DEER F3153
GUARANTEED ANALYSIS Crude Protein (Min) 16% Crude Fat (Min) 2.0% Crude
Fiber (Max) 19% Calcium (Ca) (Min) 1.25% Calcium (Ca) (Max) 1.75% Phosphorus (P)
(Min) 1.0% Salt (Min) .30% Salt (Max) .70%
Ingredients
Grain Products, Plant Protein Products, Processed Grain By-Products, Forage
Products, Roughage Products, 15% Molasses Products, __Animal Protein Products__,
Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Salt, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin A
Acetate with D-activated Animal Sterol (source of Vitamin D3) Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Roboflavin Supplement, Niacin Supplement,
Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Folic Acid, Menadione Sodium Bisulfite
Complex, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Thiamine Mononitrate, e - Biotin, Manganous
Oxide, Zinc Oxide, Ferrous Carbonate, Calcium Iodate, Cobalt Carbonate, Dried
Saccharyomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Solubles, Cellulose gum, Artificial
Flavors added.
FEEDING DIRECTIONS Feed as Creep Feed with Normal Diet
INGREDIENTS
Grain Products, Roughage Products (not more than 35%), Processed Grain
By-Products, Plant Protein Products, Forage Products, __Animal Protein
Products__, L-Lysine, Calcium Carbonate, Salt, Monocalcium/Dicalcium Phosphate,
Yeast Culture, Magnesium Oxide, Cobalt Carbonate, Basic Copper Chloride,
Manganese Sulfate, Manganous Oxide, Sodium Selenite, Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Oxide,
Sodium Selenite, Potassium Iodide, Ethylenediamine Dihydriodide, Vitamin E
Supplement, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin D3 Supplement, Mineral Oil, Mold
Inhibitor, Calcium Lignin Sulfonate, Vitamin B12 Supplement, Menadione Sodium
Bisulfite Complex, Calcium Pantothenate, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Folic Acid,
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Mineral Oil, Chromium Tripicolinate
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
Deer Builder Pellets is designed to be fed to deer under range conditions
or deer that require higher levels of protein. Feed to deer during gestation,
fawning, lactation, antler growth and pre-rut, all phases which require a higher
level of nutrition. Provide adequate amounts of good quality roughage and fresh
water at all times.
==================================================
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
April 9, 2001 WARNING LETTER
01-PHI-12 CERTIFIED MAIL RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED
Brian J. Raymond, Owner Sandy Lake Mills 26 Mill Street P.O. Box 117 Sandy
Lake, PA 16145 PHILADELPHIA DISTRICT
Tel: 215-597-4390
Dear Mr. Raymond:
Food and Drug Administration Investigator Gregory E. Beichner conducted an
inspection of your animal feed manufacturing operation, located in Sandy Lake,
Pennsylvania, on March 23, 2001, and determined that your firm manufactures
animal feeds including feeds containing prohibited materials. The inspection
found significant deviations from the requirements set forth in Title 21, code
of Federal Regulations, part 589.2000 - Animal Proteins Prohibited in Ruminant
Feed. The regulation is intended to prevent the establishment and amplification
of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Such deviations cause products being
manufactured at this facility to be misbranded within the meaning of Section
403(f), of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).
Our investigation found failure to label your swine feed with the required
cautionary statement "Do Not Feed to cattle or other Ruminants" The FDA suggests
that the statement be distinguished by different type-size or color or other
means of highlighting the statement so that it is easily noticed by a
purchaser.
In addition, we note that you are using approximately 140 pounds of cracked
corn to flush your mixer used in the manufacture of animal feeds containing
prohibited material. This flushed material is fed to wild game including deer, a
ruminant animal. Feed material which may potentially contain prohibited material
should not be fed to ruminant animals which may become part of the food
chain.
The above is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of deviations from
the regulations. As a manufacturer of materials intended for animal feed use,
you are responsible for assuring that your overall operation and the products
you manufacture and distribute are in compliance with the law. We have enclosed
a copy of FDA's Small Entity Compliance Guide to assist you with complying with
the regulation... blah, blah, blah...
==================================
Subject: MAD DEER/ELK DISEASE AND POTENTIAL SOURCES
Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 18:41:46 –0700
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
Reply-To: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
now, what about those 'deer scents' of 100% urine', and the prion that is
found in urine, why not just pass the prion with the urine to other
deer...
Mrs. Doe Pee Doe in Estrus Model FDE1 Mrs. Doe Pee's Doe in Estrus is made
from Estrus urine collected at the peak of the rut, blended with Fresh Doe Urine
for an extremely effective buck enticer. Use pre-rut before the does come into
heat. Use during full rut when bucks are most active. Use during post-rut when
bucks are still actively looking for does. 1 oz.
www.gamecalls.net/hunting...lures.html
ELK SCENT/SPRAY BOTTLE
Works anytime of the year *
100 % Cow Elk-in-Heat urine (2oz.) *
Economical - mix with water in spray mist bottle *
Use wind to your advantage
Product Code WP-ESB $9.95
www.elkinc.com/Scent.asp
prions in urine?
DEER & ELK URINE, LURES & SCENT CONTROL DEPARTMENT by MRS.DOE PEE'S
Main Index
The Turkey Pro Sez... "Premium, fresh, top-quality, pure 100% undiluted
deer lures from Mrs. Doe Pee really work. I won't trust anything else when I'm
after big bucks. Sam Collora, owner of the company, proved how well his products
work when he bagged this monster buck in
1996.............snip......end........CWD
snip...
REFERENCES
snip...see full text ;
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material
From Deer and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 -0500
From: "Terry S. Singeltary Sr."
To: fdadockets@oc.fda.gov
DOCKET-- 03D-0186 -- FDA Issues Draft Guidance on Use of Material From Deer
and Elk in Animal Feed; Availability
Date: Fri, 16 May 2003 11:47:37 –0500
EMC 1 Terry S. Singeltary Sr. Vol #: 1
PLEASE SEE FULL TEXT SUBMISSION ;
CWD TO HUMAN TRANSMISSION, never say never !!!
Envt.06:
Zoonotic Potential of CWD: Experimental Transmissions to Non-Human Primates
Emmanuel Comoy,1,† Valérie Durand,1 Evelyne Correia,1 Aru Balachandran,2
Jürgen Richt,3 Vincent Beringue,4 Juan-Maria Torres,5 Paul Brown,1 Bob Hills6
and Jean-Philippe Deslys1
1Atomic Energy Commission; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; 2Canadian Food
Inspection Agency; Ottawa, ON Canada; 3Kansas State University; Manhattan, KS
USA; 4INRA; Jouy-en-Josas, France; 5INIA; Madrid, Spain; 6Health Canada; Ottawa,
ON Canada
†Presenting author; Email: emmanuel.comoy@cea.fr
The constant increase of chronic wasting disease (CWD) incidence in North
America raises a question about their zoonotic potential. A recent publication
showed their transmissibility to new-world monkeys, but no transmission to
old-world monkeys, which are phylogenetically closer to humans, has so far been
reported. Moreover, several studies have failed to transmit CWD to transgenic
mice overexpressing human PrP. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is the
only animal prion disease for which a zoonotic potential has been proven. We
described the transmission of the atypical BSE-L strain of BSE to cynomolgus
monkeys, suggesting a weak cattle-to-primate species barrier. We observed the
same phenomenon with a cattleadapted strain of TME (Transmissible Mink
Encephalopathy). Since cattle experimentally exposed to CWD strains have also
developed spongiform encephalopathies, we inoculated brain tissue from
CWD-infected cattle to three cynomolgus macaques as well as to transgenic mice
overexpressing bovine or human PrP. Since CWD prion strains are highly
lymphotropic, suggesting an adaptation of these agents after peripheral
exposure, a parallel set of four monkeys was inoculated with CWD-infected cervid
brains using the oral route. Nearly four years post-exposure, monkeys exposed to
CWD-related prion strains remain asymptomatic. In contrast, bovinized and
humanized transgenic mice showed signs of infection, suggesting that CWD-related
prion strains may be capable of crossing the cattle-to-primate species barrier.
Comparisons with transmission results and incubation periods obtained after
exposure to other cattle prion strains (c-BSE, BSE-L, BSE-H and cattle-adapted
TME) will also be presented, in order to evaluate the respective risks of each
strain.
Envt.07:
Pathological Prion Protein (PrPTSE) in Skeletal Muscles of Farmed and Free
Ranging White-Tailed Deer Infected with Chronic Wasting Disease
Martin L. Daus,1,† Johanna Breyer,2 Katjs Wagenfuehr,1 Wiebke Wemheuer,2
Achim Thomzig,1 Walter Schulz-Schaeffer2 and Michael Beekes1 1Robert Koch
Institut; P24 TSE; Berlin, Germany; 2Department of Neuropathology, Prion and
Dementia Research Unit, University Medical Center Göttingen; Göttingen, Germany
†Presenting author; Email: dausm@rki.de
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, rapidly spreading
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurring in cervids in North
America. Despite efficient horizontal transmission of CWD among cervids natural
transmission of the disease to other species has not yet been observed. Here, we
report a direct biochemical demonstration of pathological prion protein PrPTSE
and of PrPTSE-associated seeding activity in skeletal muscles of CWD-infected
cervids. The presence of PrPTSE was detected by Western- and postfixed frozen
tissue blotting, while the seeding activity of PrPTSE was revealed by protein
misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). The concentration of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscles of CWD-infected WTD was estimated to be approximately 2000- to
10000-fold lower than in brain tissue. Tissue-blot-analyses revealed that PrPTSE
was located in muscle- associated nerve fascicles but not, in detectable
amounts, in myocytes. The presence and seeding activity of PrPTSE in skeletal
muscle from CWD-infected cervids suggests prevention of such tissue in the human
diet as a precautionary measure for food safety, pending on further
clarification of whether CWD may be transmissible to humans.
PLUS, THE CDC DID NOT PUT THIS WARNING OUT FOR THE WELL BEING OF THE DEER
AND ELK ;
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Travel History, Hunting, and Venison Consumption Related to Prion Disease
Exposure, 2006-2007 FoodNet Population Survey
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Volume 111, Issue 6 , Pages
858-863, June 2011.
NOR IS THE FDA recalling this CWD positive elk meat for the well being of
the dead elk ;
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
Noah's Ark Holding, LLC, Dawson, MN RECALL Elk products contain meat
derived from an elk confirmed to have CWD NV, CA, TX, CO, NY, UT, FL, OK RECALLS
AND FIELD CORRECTIONS: FOODS CLASS II
Sunday, January 22, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD cervids interspecies transmission
now, let’s see what the authors said about this casual link, personal
communications years ago. see where it is stated NO STRONG evidence. so, does
this mean there IS casual evidence ????
“Our conclusion stating that we found no strong evidence of CWD
transmission to humans”
From: TSS (216-119-163-189.ipset45.wt.net)
Subject: CWD aka MAD DEER/ELK TO HUMANS ???
Date: September 30, 2002 at 7:06 am PST
From: "Belay, Ermias"
To:
Cc: "Race, Richard (NIH)" ; ; "Belay, Ermias"
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 9:22 AM
Subject: RE: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS
Dear Sir/Madam,
In the Archives of Neurology you quoted (the abstract of which was attached
to your email), we did not say CWD in humans will present like variant CJD.
That assumption would be wrong. I encourage you to read the whole article
and call me if you have questions or need more clarification (phone:
404-639-3091). Also, we do not claim that "no-one has ever been infected with
prion disease from eating venison." Our conclusion stating that we found no
strong evidence of CWD transmission to humans in the article you quoted or in
any other forum is limited to the patients we investigated.
Ermias Belay, M.D. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
-----Original Message-----
From:
Sent: Sunday, September 29, 2002 10:15 AM
To: rr26k@nih.gov; rrace@niaid.nih.gov; ebb8@CDC.GOV
Subject: TO CDC AND NIH - PUB MED- 3 MORE DEATHS - CWD - YOUNG HUNTERS
Sunday, November 10, 2002 6:26 PM ......snip........end..............TSS
Thursday, April 03, 2008
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
2008 1: Vet Res. 2008 Apr 3;39(4):41
A prion disease of cervids: Chronic wasting disease
Sigurdson CJ.
snip...
*** twenty-seven CJD patients who regularly consumed venison were reported
to the Surveillance Center***,
snip...
full text ;
Sunday, January 22, 2012
Chronic Wasting Disease CWD cervids interspecies transmission
AS THE CROW FLIES, SO DOES CWD
Sunday, November 01, 2009
American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and potential spreading of CWD
through feces of digested infectious carcases
Wednesday, October 17, 2012
Prion Remains Infectious after Passage through Digestive System of American
Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
Volume 3, Number 8 01 August 2003
Newsdesk
Tracking spongiform encephalopathies in North America
Xavier Bosch
My name is Terry S Singeltary Sr, and I live in Bacliff, Texas. I lost my
mom to hvCJD (Heidenhain variant CJD) and have been searching for answers ever
since. What I have found is that we have not been told the truth. CWD in deer
and elk is a small portion of a much bigger problem.
49-year-old Singeltary is one of a number of people who have remained
largely unsatisfied after being told that a close relative died from a rapidly
progressive dementia compatible with spontaneous Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(CJD). So he decided to gather hundreds of documents on transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies (TSE) and realised that if Britons could get variant CJD from
bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Americans might get a similar disorder
from chronic wasting disease (CWD)the relative of mad cow disease seen among
deer and elk in the USA. Although his feverish search did not lead him to the
smoking gun linking CWD to a similar disease in North American people, it did
uncover a largely disappointing situation.
Singeltary was greatly demoralised at the few attempts to monitor the
occurrence of CJD and CWD in the USA. Only a few states have made CJD
reportable. Human and animal TSEs should be reportable nationwide and
internationally, he complained in a letter to the Journal of the American
Medical Association (JAMA 2003; 285: 733). I hope that the CDC does not continue
to expect us to still believe that the 85% plus of all CJD cases which are
sporadic are all spontaneous, without route or source.
Until recently, CWD was thought to be confined to the wild in a small
region in Colorado. But since early 2002, it has been reported in other areas,
including Wisconsin, South Dakota, and the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.
Indeed, the occurrence of CWD in states that were not endemic previously
increased concern about a widespread outbreak and possible transmission to
people and cattle.
To date, experimental studies have proven that the CWD agent can be
transmitted to cattle by intracerebral inoculation and that it can cross the
mucous membranes of the digestive tract to initiate infection in lymphoid tissue
before invasion of the central nervous system. Yet the plausibility of CWD
spreading to people has remained elusive.
Getting data on TSEs in the USA from the government is like pulling teeth,
Singeltary argues. You get it when they want you to have it, and only what they
want you to have.
SNIP...FULL TEXT ;
Saturday, October 6, 2012
*** TRANSMISSION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND PATHOBIOLOGY OF TRANSMISSIBLE
SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES 2011 Annual Report
Monday, September 3, 2012
2012 JAPAN BANS DEER AND ELK MEAT AND ALLOWS SOME BEEF PRODUCTS, what about
TSE prion concerns ?
kind regards, terry
posted by Terry S. Singeltary Sr. at
12:02 PM
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